Sejarah Sosiologi dan Dasar Sosiologi

Summary

This video, presented by Samsulbahri, a sociology lecturer at IAIN Pekalongan, offers a comprehensive introduction to sociology, exploring its history, key concepts, and prominent figures. It explains sociology as the scientific study of society and human social behavior, referencing theorists such as Ibn Khaldun, Auguste Comte, Emile Durkheim, Herbert Spencer, Max Weber, and others. The video also covers sociology’s paradigms, objects, characteristics, and benefits, tracing its evolution from classical to modern and postmodern sociology. Viewers gain insight into how social phenomena, cultural factors, and societal changes shape human interactions, emphasizing the ongoing relevance of sociological study in understanding contemporary society.

Takeaways

• 😀 Sociology is the study of society, human behavior, and social groups, derived from the Latin words 'socius' (friends) and 'logos' (science).
• 😀 Sociologists are experts who study society's behavior, including groups like families, ethnicities, countries, and political organizations.
• 😀 Pitirim Sorokin defined sociology as the study of reciprocal relationships between social and non-social phenomena, aiming to understand social actions.
• 😀 Sociological studies focus on understanding the behavior and connections between individuals and groups, as well as cultural and religious influences on society.
• 😀 Ibn Khaldun, a pioneering figure in sociology, discovered concepts of human social organization 500 years before the formalization of sociology in the West.
• 😀 Auguste Comte, known as the Father of Sociology, coined the term 'sociology' and introduced the idea of human development in three stages: theological, metaphysical, and positive.
• 😀 Emile Durkheim, a key figure in sociology, is known for his work on social facts, focusing on the external forces shaping individual behavior and social cohesion.
• 😀 Sociological theories include structural functionalism, conflict theory, and symbolic interactionism, all of which aim to explain different social phenomena.
• 😀 Sociology has four main characteristics: it is empirical, theoretical, cumulative, and non-ethical in its approach to understanding societal phenomena.
• 😀 Sociology provides practical benefits such as analyzing social problems, guiding policy decisions, and helping society develop through objective, evidence-based insights.
• 😀 The development of sociology moved through various stages, from the Age of Enlightenment to modern and postmodern sociology, addressing changing societal structures and issues.

Q & A

What is sociology and what does it study?

Sociology is the scientific study of society and human social behavior. It aims to understand the interactions, relationships, and structures within social groups, such as families, ethnic groups, political, economic, and social organizations.

Who is considered the founder of sociology and why?

Ibn Khaldun is considered the founder of sociology because, 500 years before Auguste Comte coined the term 'sociology,' he developed concepts about human social organization and society in his work 'Muqaddimah.'

What is the significance of Auguste Comte in the history of sociology?

Auguste Comte is known as the Father of Sociology because he coined the term 'sociology' and outlined the concept of human development in three stages: theological, metaphysical, and positive.

What is Emile Durkheim’s contribution to sociology?

Emile Durkheim is known for institutionalizing sociology as an academic discipline. He emphasized functionalism, studying the functions of various social elements that help maintain order in society. He is also known for his work on social facts, which are external and coercive forces that shape individual behavior.

How did Herbert Spencer contribute to sociology?

Herbert Spencer introduced the concept of organic analogy, where society is compared to the human body. He believed that social institutions are interdependent, similar to how organs in the body rely on each other for proper function.

What is the relationship between sociology and culture?

Culture is one of the key objects of sociological study, as it greatly influences human interactions and relationships. Cultural factors can shape the way individuals and groups relate to each other and contribute to social structures and behavior.

What is the difference between empirical and theoretical sociology?

Empirical sociology is based on observations and evidence gathered from real-world phenomena, while theoretical sociology focuses on abstract frameworks and models that aim to explain and predict social behavior and relationships.

What are the benefits of studying sociology?

Studying sociology helps individuals understand and analyze social phenomena, social issues, and problems. The insights gained can inform policy-making, development planning, and provide solutions to various societal challenges.

What are the four key paradigms in sociology?

The four key paradigms in sociology are: the social fact paradigm (focused on societal norms and rules), the social definition paradigm (focused on how individuals create social realities), the social behavior paradigm (focused on the relationship between humans and their environment), and the integrated paradigm (which combines elements of the previous paradigms).

What are some major developments in sociology during the modern era?

In the modern era, sociology developed in response to rapid social changes brought about by revolutions, industrialization, and population growth. Sociologists sought to understand and address the problems caused by these changes, leading to the establishment of sociology as an academic discipline, particularly in North America.