Praktikum PK Hematologi 1 (Px Darah Lengkap/Rutin Hb, Ht, Eritrosit)

Summary

This video tutorial outlines a hematology practical focusing on erythrocyte indices, including tests for hemoglobin using the Sahli method, hematocrit, and erythrocyte count. It details the step-by-step procedures for each test, including the required materials and key techniques. The goal is to calculate important erythrocyte indices like MCV, MCH, and MCHC, essential for diagnosing anemia. Students are tasked with performing these tests and submitting a report with their findings, enabling them to understand and apply these methods for clinical diagnostics in the future.

Takeaways

• 😀 The practical session is focused on hematology, specifically erythrocyte indices, which involve three key tests: hemoglobin (Hb) examination, hematocrit test, and erythrocyte count.
• 😀 The goal of the practical is for students to understand and perform hemoglobin testing using the Sahli method, explain hematocrit principles, and calculate erythrocyte indices from the data.
• 😀 The first test, Sahli's hemoglobin test, requires a hemoglobinometer, reagents, and a blood sample. The test measures hemoglobin levels in grams per deciliter.
• 😀 For the Sahli test, after mixing the blood with hydrochloric acid (HCl) and letting it react, students adjust the solution using distilled water to match an indicator color for accurate results.
• 😀 The second test, hematocrit, measures the percentage of red blood cells (erythrocytes) in blood by centrifuging the sample and measuring the separation of erythrocytes in a capillary tube.
• 😀 In the hematocrit test, the blood sample is pipetted into a microhematocrit tube, sealed with wax, and centrifuged at 15,000 RPM for 5 minutes. The percentage of erythrocytes is calculated from the tube's separation.
• 😀 The third test involves counting the number of erythrocytes in a specific volume of blood using a microscope and a counting chamber, which helps determine the erythrocyte count per cubic millimeter (mm³).
• 😀 A hemocytometer is used to count erythrocytes in five designated areas. After counting, the total number of erythrocytes is calculated using a formula.
• 😀 The final erythrocyte count for the test subject (probandus) was found to be 4.8 million erythrocytes per mm³.
• 😀 After performing these three tests, students are required to calculate erythrocyte indices (MCV, MCH, and MCHC) from the obtained results and submit their individual reports to the laboratory.

Q & A

What are the three main activities involved in this hematology practical session?

The three main activities are: 1) Hemoglobin (Hb) testing using the Sahli method, 2) Hematocrit measurement, and 3) Erythrocyte count.

What is the purpose of the Sahli method in this practical?

The Sahli method is used to measure hemoglobin (Hb) levels in the blood. It involves mixing blood with hydrochloric acid (HCl) and adjusting the color of the mixture to match an indicator for the Hb measurement.

What equipment is required for the Hemoglobin (Hb) test using the Sahli method?

The required equipment includes a hemoglobinometer, reaction tubes, a blood sample, a pipet, a stirrer, and HCl 0.1N solution.

How is the result of the Hemoglobin (Hb) test determined?

The result is determined by comparing the color of the blood-HCl mixture in the reaction tube to a color indicator. The position of the mixture’s color is then read from the scale to give the hemoglobin value.

What is the purpose of the hematocrit test in this practical?

The hematocrit test measures the percentage of erythrocytes (red blood cells) in the blood by centrifuging the blood sample to separate its components.

What tools are used to perform the hematocrit test?

The tools required include a microhematocrit pipet, a centrifuge, and a heparinized pipet for blood collection.

How is the hematocrit percentage determined after centrifugation?

After centrifugation, the blood sample separates into layers. The percentage of erythrocytes is read from a scale that indicates the position of the top of the erythrocyte layer.

What is the significance of the erythrocyte count in this practical?

The erythrocyte count helps determine the number of red blood cells per cubic millimeter of blood, which is important for assessing the health of the blood and diagnosing conditions like anemia.

What equipment is used to count erythrocytes?

The required equipment includes a microscope, a Neubauer counting chamber, an erythrocyte pipet, and Hayem solution.

How are erythrocytes counted under the microscope?

A blood sample mixed with Hayem solution is placed on a Neubauer chamber. The erythrocytes are counted in five specific areas under the microscope, and the total count is calculated.

How are the erythrocyte indices (MCV, MCH, MCHC) calculated?

Erythrocyte indices are calculated using the results from the hemoglobin test, hematocrit test, and erythrocyte count. These indices help in diagnosing anemia and determining its type and cause.

What is the significance of calculating erythrocyte indices in this practical?

The calculation of erythrocyte indices (MCV, MCH, MCHC) is important for diagnosing the underlying cause of anemia, as these indices provide insight into the size, hemoglobin content, and concentration of red blood cells.