Biografi Ki Hajar Dewantara ✅ - Perjuangan Bapak Pendidikan Indonesia untuk Kemerdekaan Indonesia

Summary

Ki Hajar Dewantara, born into a noble Javanese family on May 2, 1889, was a key figure in Indonesia's struggle for independence and education equality. Despite his noble roots, he fought for native Indonesians to receive education on par with the Dutch and nobility. A skilled writer and journalist with anti-colonial sentiments, he played a significant role in Budi Utomo's propaganda section and co-founded Indonesia's first national political party. Exiled to the Netherlands, he furthered his education and returned to focus on education as a means of national struggle. He established Tamansiswa, a national school, and later became the Minister of Education and Culture. Recognized posthumously as the second national hero by President Soekarno, his contributions to education are commemorated through a national holiday and a museum dedicated to his legacy.

Takeaways

• 📚 Ki Hajar Dewantara was a prominent Indonesian national hero known for his efforts in education equality.
• 🏰 Born into a noble Javanese family, Dewantara did not distance himself from the common people but fought for their right to education.
• 🎓 He had a diverse educational background, attending various schools including STOVIA for medical studies, though he did not complete it due to illness.
• ✍️ Dewantara was a skilled writer and journalist, known for his sharp and communicative anti-colonial writings.
• 🗣️ In 1912, he was active in Budi Utomo's propaganda section to raise awareness about the importance of unity and nationality among Indonesians.
• 🏛️ On July 25, 1912, Dewantara co-founded the first political party with a national stream for Indonesian independence, though it was rejected by the Dutch.
• 📰 He criticized the Dutch government in an article titled 'If I Were a Dutchman' for collecting funds from the natives to celebrate Dutch independence from France.
• 🛫 Due to his critical writings, Dewantara was exiled along with his colleagues to the Netherlands, where he studied education and teaching, earning a degree.
• 🏫 After his exile, he focused on education as part of the struggle for independence, founding the Tamansiswa National Institute in 1922.
• 🔄 In 1929, he changed his name to Ki Hadjar Dewantara, dropping his noble title to be closer to the people both physically and spiritually.
• 🏅 Recognized posthumously, he was declared the second national hero by President Soekarno, and a national education holiday was established in his honor.

Q & A

Who is Ki Hajar Dewantara?

Ki Hajar Dewantara is the second national hero of Indonesia, known for his struggle to provide equal education for all indigenous people, regardless of their social status during the Dutch colonial era.

What was Ki Hajar Dewantara's background?

Ki Hajar Dewantara was born into a noble Javanese family in Yogyakarta on May 2, 1889. Despite his noble background, he was deeply connected to the common people of Indonesia.

What educational institutions did Ki Hajar Dewantara attend?

He attended school in El, continued his education at the teacher's school (kweekschool) in Yogyakarta, and later pursued medical studies at STOVIA, a school for indigenous doctors, although he did not complete it due to illness.

What was Ki Hajar Dewantara's profession before becoming politically active?

Before his political activism, Ki Hajar Dewantara worked as a writer and journalist for several well-known newspapers such as 'Sedia', 'Tomo Medan', 'Java De Expres', 'Oetoesan Hindia', and 'Kaom Moeda Tjahaja'.

How did Ki Hajar Dewantara contribute to the independence movement of Indonesia?

He was active in the propaganda section of Budi Utomo, an organization aimed at raising awareness about the importance of unity and nationalism. He also co-founded the first national political party for Indonesian independence.

What was the significance of the political party Ki Hajar Dewantara co-founded?

The party he co-founded with Douwes Dekker and Cipto Mangoenkoesoemo on July 25, 1912, was the first political party with a national orientation aimed at achieving Indonesian independence, although its legal registration was rejected by the Dutch.

Why was Ki Hajar Dewantara exiled by the Dutch?

He was exiled because of his critical writings against the Dutch government, particularly an article titled 'If I Were a Dutchman', which criticized the Dutch for collecting donations from the indigenous people to celebrate their independence from France.

What did Ki Hajar Dewantara study while in exile in the Netherlands?

During his exile in the Netherlands, Ki Hajar Dewantara studied educational issues and teaching methods, and he successfully obtained a specialized education degree.

What was the purpose of the Tamansiswa National Institute founded by Ki Hajar Dewantara?

The Tamansiswa National Institute was founded on July 3, 1922, to provide opportunities for the lower classes of indigenous people to receive education comparable to that of the nobility and the Dutch.

How did Ki Hajar Dewantara's life end?

Ki Hajar Dewantara passed away in Yogyakarta on April 26, 1959, at the age of 69. He was later recognized as the second national hero of Indonesia by President Soekarno.

What is the legacy of Ki Hajar Dewantara in terms of education in Indonesia?

Ki Hajar Dewantara's legacy in education includes the establishment of the Tamansiswa National Institute, the recognition of his contributions by naming the National Education Day as a national holiday, and the establishment of the Museum Dewantara in Yogyakarta.