Kalau Mengacu ke Bank Dunia, 59% Masyarakat Indonesia Tergolong Miskin | Narasi Explains

Summary

The video discusses Indonesia's poverty line, referencing data from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) which indicates that the poverty rate in Indonesia is at its lowest since 1960. The poverty line is based on the basic needs approach, considering food and non-food requirements. However, the script critiques the outdated methodology, suggesting it does not reflect modern consumption patterns. The World Bank recommends updating Indonesia's poverty line using more comprehensive, multi-indicator measures. The video also explores the socioeconomic implications of poverty, such as the impact on children and health, and the need for policy changes to accurately address poverty.

Takeaways

• 😀 The Indonesian poverty line, set by BPS, is calculated at Rp595,242 per month, or Rp21,250 per day.
• 😀 This poverty line represents the lowest poverty rate in Indonesia since 1960, but its realism is under question.
• 😀 BPS uses the 'Basic Needs Approach' to calculate poverty, considering both food and non-food expenditure.
• 😀 The food component of the poverty line covers 52 basic food commodities, ensuring 2,100 kcal per person per day.
• 😀 The non-food component includes essential needs like housing, education, and healthcare, but does not account for newer needs like internet access.
• 😀 The methodology used by BPS has been in place since 1998 and has not been updated to reflect modern consumption patterns.
• 😀 The food share of the poverty line has grown significantly, now accounting for 75% of the total poverty line calculation.
• 😀 Changing consumption patterns, especially among younger generations (like Gen Z), have shifted the importance of non-food items such as internet access.
• 😀 According to the World Bank's upper-middle-income standards, Indonesia's poverty line would be much higher, at $6.85 (about 11,111 IDR) per day.
• 😀 The current methodology for calculating the poverty line in Indonesia is outdated and may not accurately reflect the true conditions of poverty.
• 😀 Revising the poverty line would allow for a more accurate identification of poverty and better-targeted social assistance, while addressing the root causes of poverty like stagnant incomes.

Q & A

What is the poverty line in Indonesia according to the BPS data from January 2024?

According to the BPS data, the poverty line in Indonesia is set at an expenditure of IDR 595,242 per month, which corresponds to a poverty rate of 8.57%.

How does the BPS define poverty in Indonesia?

BPS defines poverty using the 'basic needs approach,' which measures the inability to meet basic food and non-food needs. Poverty is determined based on a minimum expenditure needed to fulfill these requirements.

What components are included in the poverty line calculation by BPS?

The poverty line consists of two components: the 'food poverty line' (GKM), which covers 52 basic food commodities, and the 'non-food poverty line' (GKNM), which includes essentials like housing, clothing, education, and health.

What percentage of the poverty line is attributed to food versus non-food items in Indonesia?

As of September 2024, the food component (GKM) makes up around IDR 443,000 per capita per month, while the non-food component (GKNM) accounts for about IDR 151,000 per capita per month.

What change has occurred in the calculation of the poverty line in Indonesia over the years?

Over the years, the proportion of the poverty line allocated to food has grown significantly, now making up nearly 75%, compared to a smaller share 10 to 15 years ago, reflecting the shift in consumption patterns.

What issue has been identified with the current method of poverty line calculation?

The current method, which has been used since 1998, is considered outdated. It does not account for newer consumption patterns, such as the growing importance of internet and digital services for younger generations like Gen Z.

How does the World Bank categorize Indonesia's income level?

The World Bank categorizes Indonesia as an 'upper middle income' country, with a Gross National Income (GNI) per capita of $4,0810 USD.

What does the World Bank suggest regarding the poverty line in Indonesia?

The World Bank suggests that Indonesia update its poverty line calculation, moving away from the outdated 1.90 USD per day standard, and adopting a more comprehensive multi-indicator approach.

Why is revising the poverty line important for Indonesia?

Revising the poverty line is crucial for better identifying the poor, analyzing the causes of poverty, and developing effective policies to address the issue, especially for those who may be excluded from current welfare programs.

How has poverty line revision affected public perception in other countries like Malaysia?

In Malaysia, revising the poverty line from nearly 0% to 6% was met with a positive response. It helped better reflect the real conditions of poverty, allowing more people to qualify for assistance, which was seen as an improvement by the public.