Tutorial UMKM & UKM (Pembuatan Cat)

Summary

This video tutorial focuses on UMKM (Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises) in Indonesia, explaining their legal framework based on the 2008 law. The video introduces different types of paints used in the coating industry, including water-based, solvent-based, and oil-based formulas. It highlights the essential ingredients required for paint production such as solvents, pigments, and additives, and their role in ensuring paint quality. The tutorial also discusses key components like binders and how these influence product properties. Viewers are encouraged to understand the basics of paint production before proceeding with hands-on creation.

Takeaways

• 😀 UMKM (Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises) are defined by Indonesian law (Law No. 20/2008) as businesses owned by individuals or bodies, excluding corporations.
• 😀 UMKMs have access to business assets, including buildings and land, with a maximum value of IDR 50 million.
• 😀 UMKMs have annual turnover limits of IDR 300 million, as per the regulations outlined in the 2008 law.
• 😀 The script introduces different types of coating materials: water-based, solvent-based, and oil-based paints.
• 😀 Water-based paints commonly used include wall paints, roof coatings, and other decorative paints like polish and clear coat.
• 😀 Solvent-based coatings use chemical solvents like toluene, acetone, ketone, and turpentine to dissolve the pigment and binder.
• 😀 Oil-based paints, such as plastisol, are popular for screen printing, and require specific solvents like dioctyl phthalate (DOP).
• 😀 High-quality pigments for water-based paints typically include titanium dioxide, lithopone, iron oxide, and synthetic pigments for various colors.
• 😀 Extenders like kaolin and calcium carbonate are added to water-based paints to reduce costs, with calcium carbonate being the most widely used.
• 😀 Bindings or thickeners for paint can be categorized into different grades, such as acrylic, PVC, and polyester, each having different applications for various types of coatings.
• 😀 Additives play a crucial role in improving paint quality, enhancing properties like drying speed and viscosity, with some used in very small quantities (less than 0.3% of the total mixture).

Q & A

What does UMKM stand for, and how is it defined in Indonesian law?

UMKM stands for 'Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah' (Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises). According to Indonesian law, specifically Law No. 20 of 2008, UMKM refers to businesses that can be owned by individuals or legal entities but not corporations. They have a maximum asset value of IDR 50 million and an annual revenue of up to IDR 300 million.

What are the three main types of coatings discussed in the video?

The video discusses three main types of coatings: 1) Water-based coatings, which include wall paint, tile paint, and others; 2) Solvent-based coatings, which include coatings for wood and other materials; 3) Oil-based coatings, such as plastisol, which is a type of screen printing ink.

What are some examples of solvents used in water-based coatings?

Water-based coatings use water as the solvent, which is the main difference compared to solvent-based coatings. For solvent-based coatings, common solvents include chemicals such as toluene, acetone, ketone, xylene, turpentine, and others.

What are the common pigments used in water-based paints?

Common pigments in water-based paints include Titanium Dioxide (for white), Lithopone, Iron Oxide, and other synthetic pigments. These pigments contribute to a range of colors like blue, yellow, red, and others.

What role does calcium carbonate play in water-based paints?

Calcium carbonate is commonly used as an extender in water-based paints, particularly wall paints. It helps reduce the cost of the paint and modifies its consistency, with variations in particle size, such as 800-1000 mesh for wall paints and 2000-2500 mesh for screen printing inks.

What are the different types of blenders used in coatings?

The video mentions several types of blenders used in coatings, with the most common being: 1) Full Acrylic Blender, 2) PVC Blender (lower quality), and for solvent-based coatings, 3) Different types of oils like Medium Oil and Long Oil, used for specific drying and finishing effects.

Why is plastic paste not typically used in UMKM production?

Plastic paste is usually not used in UMKM production because the equipment required to make the paste, such as a specialized threonine, is quite expensive and beyond the financial capacity of most micro, small, and medium enterprises.

How are additives used in coating formulas?

Additives are small but critical ingredients in coating formulas, typically making up to 0.3% of the total mixture. They help improve quality, such as reducing gloss, enhancing drying speed, or preventing defects like settling. Examples of additives include those used to improve thickness or speed up drying times.

What are some key examples of additives used in the video?

The video mentions various additives such as dispersing agents (like Gusta or Diploma Reagen) that help prevent separation in the paint. Other additives include those that enhance the flow or thickening of the paint to ensure quality in screen printing and general coating.

What factors should be considered when producing high-quality paint?

Producing high-quality paint requires careful selection of pigments, solvents, blenders, and additives. Each component must be balanced to ensure good performance, such as ease of application, drying speed, and durability. Additionally, investments in equipment are necessary to ensure consistent quality, particularly when producing specialty coatings like screen printing inks.