How to make a DOOM CLONE in Unity || E1M4 Player Health and Armor

Summary

在这个视频教程中，Spawn Camp继续开发一个游戏项目，专注于为玩家角色添加健康和装甲系统。首先，他创建了一个'Player Health'脚本来设置最大生命值和装甲值，并在Unity编辑器中通过脚本控制玩家的生命值。接着，他实现了一个'damage player'函数来模拟玩家受到伤害，包括装甲吸收伤害的逻辑。最后，他添加了当玩家生命值降至零时重置场景的功能，使用Unity的Scene Management。视频以对下一集内容的预告结束，承诺将介绍基本的库存系统和触发器。

Takeaways

• 📂 开始前清理项目窗口，将脚本放入脚本文件夹。
• 🕹️ 为玩家添加一个名为'Player Health'的新脚本组件。
• 🔢 在脚本中定义公共变量'maxHealth'和私有变量'health'，使用整数类型。
• 🖊️ 在Unity的检查器中设置'maxHealth'的值为100。
• 🛡️ 为玩家添加护甲系统，定义'maxArmor'和'armor'变量。
• 🛑 在'DamagePlayer'函数中添加逻辑，先扣除护甲再扣健康值。
• 🔧 测试时使用键盘右键Shift键来模拟玩家受到伤害。
• 💥 当玩家健康值降到0或以下时，通过Debug.Log输出玩家死亡信息。
• 🔄 玩家死亡后，使用场景管理器重置当前场景。
• 🎮 视频教程接下来将设置基本的库存系统和触发器，包括健康和护甲的拾取以及对玩家造成伤害的环境。
• 📢 视频结束时提醒观众如果喜欢这个系列，请点赞和订阅。

Q & A

视频教程中提到的'spawn camp'是什么意思？

在视频教程中，'spawn camp'可能是指开发者在游戏开发过程中的一个阶段，即创建敌人并设置它们在游戏世界中生成（spawn）并停留在特定地点（camp）的行为。

为什么要在视频中暂停一段时间？

视频中的制作者提到因为假期而暂停了一段时间，这表明制作者可能需要休息或处理个人事务，这是很常见的情况。

视频中提到'doom guy wannabe'是什么意思？

'doom guy wannabe'在这里指的是玩家控制的角色，类似于经典游戏《毁灭战士》（Doom）中的主角。

为什么在Unity中添加脚本组件后，脚本会出现在根资产文件夹而不是脚本文件夹？

这是因为Unity的默认行为是通过'添加组件'按钮添加新组件时，Unity会将脚本文件放在根资产文件夹中。如果想要脚本出现在特定的文件夹，需要手动将其拖放到该文件夹中。

在Unity脚本中，为什么使用'public int maxHealth'而不是直接使用'public int health'？

使用'public int maxHealth'是为了区分最大生命值和当前生命值。这样可以在不改变最大生命值的情况下，通过脚本或游戏逻辑来修改当前生命值。

为什么在脚本中将'health'变量设置为私有（private）？

将'health'变量设置为私有是为了封装，防止外部直接修改这个变量，确保只有脚本内部可以修改它，从而维护数据的一致性和安全性。

在Unity中，如何测试玩家受到伤害的功能？

在Unity中，可以通过在Update函数中添加测试代码来模拟玩家受到伤害。例如，使用Input.GetKeyDown检测特定按键（如右Shift）被按下，并调用damagePlayer函数来模拟伤害。

为什么在处理玩家受到伤害时要考虑装甲（armor）？

考虑装甲是为了增加游戏的复杂性和策略性。装甲可以在玩家受到伤害时吸收一部分伤害，保护玩家的生命值，使游戏玩法更加丰富。

如何在游戏中实现装甲的逻辑，使其在受到伤害时先于生命值被消耗？

在damagePlayer函数中，首先检查玩家是否拥有装甲。如果有，根据装甲的值和受到的伤害来决定是消耗装甲还是将剩余的伤害转移到生命值上。如果装甲值大于或等于伤害，则只消耗装甲；如果装甲值小于伤害，则装甲被完全消耗，剩余的伤害转移到生命值上。

在Unity中，如何实现玩家死亡后重置场景的功能？

在Unity中，可以通过SceneManagement命名空间中的SceneManager类来加载当前场景。在玩家生命值降到零时，使用SceneManager.LoadScene方法加载当前场景的索引，从而实现场景重置。

Outlines

00:00

🔧 玩家健康系统设置

视频脚本介绍了如何在游戏开发中为玩家角色设置健康系统。首先，开发者在Unity项目中为玩家角色添加了一个新的脚本组件，命名为'Player Health'。在脚本中定义了最大生命值(max health)和当前生命值(health)，其中最大生命值在Unity的Inspector面板中设置，而当前生命值在脚本中初始化为最大生命值。接着，脚本中添加了一个'damage player'函数，用于减少玩家的生命值。通过在Update函数中使用Input.GetKeyDown来测试伤害，每当按下右Shift键时，玩家将受到固定的伤害，并在控制台中打印出伤害信息。此外，还提到了Doom游戏中的装甲系统，并计划在接下来的开发中实现。

05:02

🛡️ 玩家装甲与伤害处理逻辑

在玩家健康系统的脚本中，开发者进一步增加了装甲系统，并实现了伤害处理逻辑。首先，定义了最大装甲值(max armor)和当前装甲值(armor)，并在游戏开始时将装甲值设置为最大装甲值。然后，开发者在'damage player'函数中加入了判断逻辑，以确定伤害是先作用于装甲还是直接作用于玩家的生命值。具体逻辑为：如果装甲值大于伤害值，则只减少装甲；如果装甲值小于伤害值，则装甲被完全消耗，剩余的伤害再作用于玩家的生命值。通过这种方式，玩家的装甲可以吸收部分伤害，保护玩家的生命值。最后，脚本中还添加了当玩家生命值降至零或以下时的死亡逻辑，通过Debug.Log输出玩家死亡信息，并使用SceneManager重置当前场景，以模拟玩家死亡后的场景重载。

Keywords

💡敌人检测

敌人检测是指在视频游戏中，敌人角色能够感知到玩家角色的存在。在视频中，这是游戏开发过程中的一个关键环节，它允许敌人角色根据玩家的位置进行移动和攻击。例如，脚本中提到'我们离开了这个系列，只是没有建立这些敌人，它们可以检测到玩家并有临时代码向玩家移动'，这表明敌人检测是游戏互动性和挑战性的重要组成部分。

💡玩家健康

玩家健康通常指的是视频游戏中玩家角色的生命值或生存能力。在视频脚本中，开发者通过创建一个名为'Player Health'的脚本来实现玩家健康系统，这允许玩家承受伤害并在健康值降至零时死亡。例如，'...我们将会添加一个新的组件，它只是一个基本的脚本，我们将命名为Player Health'，这显示了玩家健康是游戏设计中的一个核心概念。

💡装甲

装甲在游戏中通常指玩家角色的防御机制，可以吸收伤害以保护玩家的健康值。在脚本中，装甲被设计为能够减少玩家受到的伤害，并且有最大值限制。例如，'...所以让我们也做基本装甲，所以回到我们的玩家健康脚本...'，这表明装甲是玩家生存策略中的一个关键元素。

💡Unity

Unity是一个广泛使用的游戏开发平台，它提供了一套工具和环境，让开发者能够创建和测试游戏。在视频中，Unity被用作开发环境，开发者在其中创建脚本、设置对象和测试游戏机制。例如，'...然后我们可以回到Unity并在检查器中查看...'，说明Unity是实现游戏设计和开发的主要工具。

💡脚本组件

脚本组件是Unity中用于添加自定义功能到游戏对象的一种方式。开发者可以通过编写脚本来控制游戏对象的行为。在视频中，'Player Health'脚本就是一个脚本组件，它被添加到玩家对象上以管理其健康和装甲。例如，'...我们将点击玩家根游戏对象，然后我们将在这些脚本下添加一个新的组件...'，说明了脚本组件在游戏中的重要性。

💡伤害

伤害在游戏中通常指对玩家角色或敌人角色造成的生命值减少。在脚本中，伤害是通过一个公共函数`damagePlayer`来实现的，该函数接收一个整数参数来表示伤害值。例如，'...我们将要说public void damagePlayer并且...我们将要说health -= damage...'，这表明伤害是游戏中影响玩家健康状态的一个关键因素。

💡Debug模式

Debug模式是一个用于开发和测试游戏的功能，它允许开发者查看和修改游戏运行时的变量和状态。在视频中，开发者通过设置检查器为Debug模式来查看私有变量和测试游戏逻辑。例如，'...我们可以在这里检查这些三个点...我们可以改变这个为Debug模式...'，说明了Debug模式在游戏开发中用于问题诊断和功能验证的作用。

💡场景管理

场景管理是指在Unity中控制游戏场景的加载、切换和卸载的过程。在视频中，当玩家角色死亡时，开发者使用场景管理来重置游戏。例如，'...然后我们将要说sceneManager.loadScene(this.currentScene.buildIndex);'，这显示了场景管理在处理游戏流程和状态转换中的重要性。

💡测试

测试是游戏开发过程中的一个重要环节，它帮助开发者验证游戏机制是否按预期工作。在视频中，测试是通过在`Update`函数中添加一个条件来模拟玩家受到伤害的情况。例如，'...我们将要制作一个测试函数...如果我们按下右Shift键，它将调用damagePlayer函数...'，这表明测试是确保游戏玩法正确实现的关键步骤。

💡玩家死亡

玩家死亡是游戏中的一个事件，当玩家角色的健康值降至零或以下时触发。在视频中，开发者通过在`damagePlayer`函数中添加一个检查来实现玩家死亡的逻辑。例如，'...然后我们将会检查如果健康小于或等于零，那么玩家就死了...'，这表明玩家死亡是游戏设计中用于结束游戏循环和提供玩家挑战的一个机制。

Highlights

视频作者在假期后回归，希望观众新年伊始过得好。

之前的系列视频已经建立了能够检测玩家并朝玩家移动的敌人。

接下来的步骤是优化代码，让敌人能够实际攻击玩家。

视频将暂时从敌人设置中抽离，开始为玩家设置健康值。

通过Unity编辑器为玩家添加名为'Player Health'的新脚本组件。

脚本通过两种方式添加：直接添加组件或拖拽脚本到玩家对象。

使用Visual Studio编辑脚本，设置最大生命值和当前生命值。

在Unity检查器中设置最大生命值为100。

通过Debug模式在检查器中查看私有的健康变量。

创建'damage player'函数来模拟玩家受到伤害。

使用Input.GetKeyDown在测试中模拟伤害。

实现基本的装甲系统，类似于Doom游戏中的装甲。

在'damage player'函数中添加逻辑以优先消耗装甲。

如果装甲足以吸收全部伤害，则不会影响玩家生命值。

如果装甲不足以吸收全部伤害，则剩余伤害会转移到玩家生命值。

在玩家生命值降至零或以下时，重置场景并显示玩家已死亡。

使用SceneManager加载当前场景以重置游戏。

视频结束时，预告下一集将设置基本的库存系统和触发器。

Transcripts

hey spawn camp here sorry for the hiatus

but i took a break for the holidays

i hope you all had a great holiday and

hopefully started 2021 off well

we left off this series just haven't

built these enemies they can detect the

player and has temporary code to move

toward the player

our next step is to refine this code and

have them actually be able to attack the

player

but first in this video we're gonna step

back from the enemy for a second and

we're gonna set up our doom guy wannabe

aka player to have some health so we can

actually damage him

like always we'll start by opening our

project and for the first thing i'll

clean up this project window since i

forgot to last video

and i'll put my scripts in the script

folder

now we can work on our players so we'll

click on the player root game object

and we'll go under these scripts and

we'll add a new component

and it's just going to be a basic script

that will name player health

as you can see here the script was added

into the root asset folder

this is the result of adding a component

through this add component button here

alternatively you can go into the

scripts folder and create a new c

sharp file and name it player health and

then you can just drag this script onto

the player object

and the results are basically the same

this way doesn't require you to tidy up

your projects so often

but the ad component is my go-to so it's

up to you how you do this

but anywho let's double click here to

bring up our script inside our editor

i was using writer but you'll see now

that i'm back on visual studio

but they work practically the same all

right let's jump right into it

at the top here above our start function

we're going to say

public int max health

and we're going to use private int

for our health and these are ants

because we're only going to use whole

numbers

and the max health is public because

we're going to set it in the inspector

our health is a private variable because

it'll get modified

in the script like here in the start

function we're just going to say our

health

equals our max health so we're going to

control s to save and then if we go back

into unity and check out our inspector

you'll see that we have a max health

variable now

we're going to keep it basic and we're

going to say our max health is 100. to

see our private variable we can go up

here to these three dots on the

inspector

and we can change this to debug mode and

you'll see now that we have

our private health variable and if we

just go to play you'll see that our

script just sets our

health to our max health now let's have

our player take some basic damage

under our update we're going to say

public void

damage player and since our health is an

integer we're also going to pass in an

integer in this function and we're going

to name it damage and our logic in this

function is going to start off really

easy

and we're just going to say our health

is minus equal damage

and the reason this function is public

is because it's going to be accessed

from outside the script but for now

we're just going to test it so we're

going to make

a test function up inside of our void

update

call and we're going to say if

input.getkeydown and for test purposes i

like to use the right side of my

keyboard so we're going to use the right

shift

and then to test the damage we're just

going to say damage player

and here it's going to take our integer

and we're just going to say 30 and then

we're going to log

a message so we can see it actually

happening

so we're going to say debug.log player

damaged

[Music]

then if you save and go into unity and

play test you'll see

that our health does go down by 30 every

time we hit shift

and it even goes into negatives but

we'll fix that later

so we have our basic health but doom

also has basic armor

so let's do that

so back in our player health script

we're going to do the exact same thing

up here at the top we're going to use a

public int

max armor and we're going to use a

private int for armor

and in the start we're gonna set our

armor

to equal our max armor

and this is just for our testing

purposes because

usually you'd want your player to start

with no armor and have to pick it up as

they go

so down the road we will have this where

it sets a zero from the start

so we're going to need a bit more logic

because now we need the damage to affect

the armor before it affects the player's

health

we'll include all this logic inside the

damaged player function that we already

have

so the gist of it is if the player has

armor damage at first

but there needs to be deeper logic than

this because if the player has enough

armor to absorb

all the damage then we only want to

damage the armor

and if the player only has enough armor

to absorb some of the damage then we

want the armor to be damaged first

and then the rest of the damage to go to

the player

so using these comments will flesh out

this function

so first we'll find out if the player

has any armor at all

we'll use an if statement and say if

armor is greater than zero

we want to damage the armor else if we

don't have any armor then we just

damaged the player

like normal so we'll grab this line we

already have and move it into the else

condition of the if statement

that takes care of our first comment

here so next we'll take care of the

other two

both require the player to have some

armor so inside the if statement where

we check if we have armor

then we'll have another check to figure

out how much we have and how we'll

handle the damage

so if our armor is greater than or equal

to the damage

our player's health remains the same and

will issue all the damage to the armor

by saying armor minus equals damage

now we'll say else if armor is less than

damage

and will need to figure out how much the

armor can take and give the remaining

damage to the player

so to do this we'll use an int called

remaining damage

and this will be a local variable

because it's not needed outside of this

function

so now we'll just say remaining damage

equals

damage minus armor that'll set the

remaining damage to whatever is left

that the armor can't handle

so now that the armor is depleted we'll

just set the armor to zero

and then we'll say health minus equals

remaining damage and that should divide

the damage between the armor

and the health and that'll knock out the

last to-do comment so we'll clean this

up and we'll get rid of the comments and

we can save

and test in unity you'll see at the

bottom right that we're still in debug

mode so we see our values changed in the

inspector

so at the start you'll see how our

health and armor are set to the max

so now if we press the shift key it

damages the armor first so we went from

having 50 to 20.

so now if we damage him again it's going

to take all the remaining 20 from the

armor

and give the other 10 to our players and

our players health is at 90

and if we continue to spam the damage

key eventually we go into negative

numbers

so as our last step we'll add in

something to kill off the player

so let's go back into our player health

script

so we could put a check in our update

something like

if health is less than or equal to zero

then the player is dead

and if this is a smaller game that's

probably fine but since we know that the

player's health

only changes when we get damaged then we

can go inside of our damaged player

function

and check there and that way the check

is not happening every frame and just

bogging our performance down

so let's remove that and down in our

damaged player underneath all this logic

then we're gonna check if we're dead so

we're gonna say

if our health is less than equal to zero

then the player is dead

an easy way for this to be displayed to

us is just to use a debug.log

so we can say debug.log player has died

but imma go one farther and i'm going to

set it where our scene resets

when we die to reset our scene we'll

need our scene manager

so at the very very top we're going to

add a using statement

and it's going to be used in unity

engine dot scene management

then back in the very bottom below our

debug.log

we can simply say scene current scene

equals scene manager dot get active

scene

that's going to return this scene and

then we're going to say

scene manager dot load scene and this

takes in an integer so we're going to

say our current scene that we just set

and we're going to say dot build index

so now we can save

and go into unity for one final test

so we're just going to move over here so

we can see when our scene resets

we're just gonna spam our damaged test

key

and when our health reaches zero

the scene resets and you can see here in

our console

that the player has indeed died so

that's everything working

and before i forget let's go back into

the inspector here on these three dots

and we'll set this

back to normal mode that's about it for

this video we have enemies and we have a

player with armor and health

the next episode will probably set up a

basic inventory and also mess around

with triggers

some will give the player health and

armor such as pickups and others will

damage the player such as lava or toxic

waste

if you're enjoying the series please

like and subscribe so you don't miss the

next one

spawn camp out