Perbedaan dan Perbandingan Kurikulum Merdeka dan kurikulum 2013 di PAUD, TK, RA

Summary

This video compares Indonesia’s PAUD curriculum under the 2013 Curriculum and the Merdeka Curriculum. Key areas of comparison include the foundational framework, targeted competencies, curriculum structure, and approaches to teaching and assessment. The Merdeka Curriculum emphasizes flexibility, allowing teachers to tailor lessons, focusing on student well-being, and promoting Pancasila student profiles. It incorporates project-based learning (kokurikuler) alongside intrakurikuler. Assessment methods, such as observations and portfolios, are also discussed. The video provides an overview of the changes, helping educators understand how to adapt to the new curriculum and utilize available resources.

Takeaways

• 😀 The Kurikulum Merdeka condenses the national education goals into 'Profil Pelajar Pancasila,' making it easier for teachers to understand and apply in the classroom.
• 😀 In Kurikulum Merdeka, the competencies for PAUD (Early Childhood Education) are structured as 'capaian pembelajaran' (learning achievements) rather than 'kompetensi dasar' (basic competencies), offering more flexibility for teachers.
• 😀 Teachers can now create lesson objectives (tujuan pembelajaran) based on 'capaian pembelajaran' and develop learning plans (ATP) tailored to their school’s needs.
• 😀 Kurikulum Merdeka introduces project-based learning (kurikuler proyek) alongside intrakurikuler, allowing students to engage in meaningful projects that reinforce the Pancasila Student Profile.
• 😀 The learning approach in Kurikulum Merdeka emphasizes play-based learning, where children learn by playing, fostering creativity and exploration in early education.
• 😀 Literacy activities in Kurikulum Merdeka go beyond reading and writing, focusing on listening, speaking, and expressing opinions, aiming for well-rounded literacy development.
• 😀 Kurikulum Merdeka also prioritizes the well-being of children, aiming to provide a happy, supportive environment where children feel accepted and motivated to learn.
• 😀 Profil Pelajar Pancasila is integrated across all curricular activities, both intrakurikuler and kokurikuler, emphasizing character development and values throughout the entire educational experience.
• 😀 Assessment in Kurikulum Merdeka is more flexible, with teachers using methods like observation, anecdotal records, portfolios, and checklists to monitor student progress continuously.
• 😀 The curriculum tools in Kurikulum Merdeka are streamlined, with the government providing seven main resources to help educators develop lesson plans and projects, making curriculum planning more efficient.

Q & A

What is the main difference between the Kurikulum Merdeka and Kurikulum 2013 in terms of their foundational framework?

The main difference lies in the foundational framework. Kurikulum 2013 is based on the broader *National Education System* and *National Education Standards*, while Kurikulum Merdeka narrows this focus down to the *Profile of Pancasila Learners* (Profil Pelajar Pancasila), which is a simplified and more practical interpretation of national educational goals.

How are competency goals (kompetensi) structured differently in Kurikulum 2013 and Kurikulum Merdeka?

In Kurikulum 2013, competencies are outlined using *Competency Standards* (KD) with distinct categories: attitudes (spiritual and social), knowledge, and skills. In Kurikulum Merdeka, these are replaced with *Learning Outcomes* (Capaian Pembelajaran or CP), which are described in paragraphs and allow for more flexibility in translating them into specific learning objectives and pathways.

What changes have been made in the curriculum structure under Kurikulum Merdeka compared to Kurikulum 2013?

Kurikulum 2013 mainly focuses on *intracurricular* learning. In contrast, Kurikulum Merdeka introduces both *intracurricular* and *project-based curriculum* (kurikuler), with a strong emphasis on developing skills aligned with the *Profile of Pancasila Learners*. This project-based component encourages hands-on, real-world learning.

How does Kurikulum Merdeka enhance learning through play compared to the previous curriculum?

Kurikulum Merdeka emphasizes 'learning through play,' which is not just unstructured play but a method of engaging children in learning through activities that stimulate cognitive and social development. This approach acknowledges that young children learn best when they explore and interact with their environment through playful activities.

What are some key principles of learning in Kurikulum Merdeka for PAUD (Early Childhood Education)?

Key principles in Kurikulum Merdeka include learning through play, reading-based activities to foster literacy, ensuring children's wellbeing through happiness and emotional security, and integrating the *Profile of Pancasila Learners* into both curricular and extracurricular activities.

How does Kurikulum Merdeka approach assessment differently from Kurikulum 2013?

In Kurikulum Merdeka, assessments are integrated and not separated by attitudes, knowledge, and skills. Teachers use a variety of assessment techniques, including observations, anecdotal records, portfolios, photo series, and checklists. There is a focus on documenting and evaluating the overall development of the child rather than discrete subject-based assessments.

What is the significance of 'Profile of Pancasila Learners' in Kurikulum Merdeka?

'Profile of Pancasila Learners' is central to Kurikulum Merdeka, guiding the development of character traits such as responsibility, critical thinking, and social engagement. This profile is integrated into all learning activities, both in and outside the classroom, and aims to form well-rounded, values-driven students.

How does Kurikulum Merdeka ensure that students’ happiness and emotional wellbeing are prioritized?

Kurikulum Merdeka places significant emphasis on ensuring students feel happy, accepted, and emotionally secure. This includes fostering positive learning environments where children are motivated and supported, and negative behaviors like bullying are discouraged, ensuring the overall emotional wellbeing of the child is prioritized.

What role does project-based learning play in Kurikulum Merdeka?

Project-based learning plays a critical role in Kurikulum Merdeka as it encourages active learning through real-world projects. This approach helps strengthen the development of the *Profile of Pancasila Learners* by fostering skills such as problem-solving, collaboration, and critical thinking through practical, hands-on experiences.

What are the key differences in the teaching materials provided by the government for Kurikulum Merdeka compared to Kurikulum 2013?

In Kurikulum Merdeka, the government provides a more streamlined set of teaching resources, including digital learning modules, curriculum development guides, project-based learning guidelines, and various teacher support materials. These are available online and through apps like *Merdeka Mengajar*, with a focus on practical, flexible teaching methods tailored to individual school needs.