[t], [d] or [Id]? | "-ed" Past Tense | English Pronunciation

Summary

This podcast from Elemental English Comm explores the nuanced pronunciation of past tense verbs ending in 'ed' in English. It explains why these endings are pronounced as 't', 'd', or a distinct syllable, depending on the preceding sound. The lesson delves into the concept of voiced and voiceless sounds, demonstrating how vocal cord vibrations influence the pronunciation of 'ed' endings. It provides clear examples and rules for different scenarios, such as verbs ending in voiceless sounds leading to a 't' sound, voiced sounds resulting in a 'd' sound, and certain sounds prompting a distinct syllable pronunciation. The importance of these pronunciation rules in connected speech is highlighted, with a reference to further lessons on linking and H-deletion for better speech fluency.

Takeaways

• 📚 The podcast discusses the pronunciation variations of the past tense 'ed' ending in English verbs.
• 🗣️ The 'ed' ending can be pronounced as 't', 'd', or a syllable 'id' depending on the preceding sound.
• 👂 Listeners are encouraged to feel the vibration in their vocal cords when pronouncing voiced and voiceless sounds.
• 🔊 Voiced sounds involve vocal cord vibration, while voiceless sounds do not.
• 🔉 The vibration or lack thereof influences the pronunciation of the 'ed' ending.
• 📝 Verbs ending in voiceless sounds lead to a voiceless 't' pronunciation, as in 'walked' or 'talked'.
• 🎶 Verbs ending in voiced sounds like 'd' or 'g' result in a voiced 'd' pronunciation, as in 'bobbed' or 'begged'.
• 🎵 When the verb ends in 't' or 'd', the 'ed' ending is pronounced as a syllable 'id', as in 'visited' or 'edited'.
• 🔗 Pronunciation of 'ed' is crucial for clear speech, especially in connected speech where one word ends in a consonant and the next begins with a vowel.
• ✍️ The lesson suggests further practice on connected speech and 'H' deletion for better understanding of English pronunciation rules.

Q & A

What is the main topic of the podcast 'Elemental English Comm'?

The main topic of the podcast is the different pronunciations of the past tense of verbs ending in 'ed' in English.

Why are past tense verbs with an 'ed' ending pronounced in three different ways?

The pronunciation of 'ed' endings varies depending on the final sound of the root verb, which can be voiced, voiceless, or a combination of sounds like 't' or 'd'.

What is the first pronunciation rule for 'ed' endings mentioned in the podcast?

The first rule is that verbs ending in a voiceless sound cause the 'ed' ending to be pronounced as 't' or 'd' without vocal cord vibration.

Can you provide an example of a verb ending in a voiceless sound and its corresponding 'ed' pronunciation?

An example is 'walked', where the 'ed' ending sounds like 't' because 'walk' ends with a voiceless sound.

What is the second pronunciation rule for 'ed' endings discussed in the podcast?

The second rule is that verbs ending in a voiced sound cause the 'ed' ending to be pronounced as a voiced sound.

Can you give an example of a verb ending in a voiced sound and its 'ed' pronunciation?

An example is 'breathed', where the 'ed' ending sounds like 'd' because 'breathe' ends with a voiced sound.

What is the third pronunciation rule for 'ed' endings presented in the podcast?

The third rule is that verbs ending in the sounds 't' or 'd' cause the 'ed' ending to be pronounced as 'id'.

How is the 'ed' ending pronounced in the verb 'visited' as per the podcast?

In 'visited', the 'ed' ending is pronounced as 'id' because 'visit' ends with the sound 't'.

Why is it important to understand the pronunciation rules for 'ed' endings in connected speech?

Understanding these rules is important because in connected speech, the way 'ed' is pronounced can affect the clarity and audibility of the verb in a sentence.

What is the effect of connected speech on the pronunciation of 'ed' endings?

In connected speech, if a word ends in a consonant and is followed by a word beginning with a vowel, the 'ed' ending is pronounced more clearly.

How does the podcast suggest practicing the pronunciation of 'ed' endings?

The podcast suggests practicing by feeling the vibration in the vocal cords when pronouncing voiced and voiceless sounds, and by listening and repeating the provided examples.

What additional lesson is recommended for further understanding of connected speech?

The podcast recommends checking out the lesson on 'H deletion' for more practice and explanation on connected speech.

Outlines

00:00

📚 Understanding 'ed' Pronunciation in Past Tense Verbs

This paragraph introduces the topic of the podcast, which is the pronunciation of the past tense 'ed' ending in English verbs. It explains that this ending can be pronounced in three different ways: 'des', 'dit', or 'did', and provides examples such as 'walked', 'smelled', and 'visited'. The paragraph also touches on the fact that most native speakers, including Americans, make these pronunciation changes unconsciously. It sets the stage for the explanation of the three rules that determine the pronunciation of the 'ed' ending, which are related to the voiced or voiceless nature of the final sound of the verb stem.

05:08

🗣️ Pronunciation Rules for 'ed' Endings Based on Final Sounds

This paragraph delves into the specific pronunciation rules for the 'ed' ending in past tense verbs. It explains that verbs ending with a voiceless sound cause the 'ed' ending to be pronounced as a voiceless 't' or 'd', with examples like 'popped', 'talked', 'froth', 'laughed', 'kissed', 'brushed', and 'reached'. Conversely, verbs ending with a voiced sound result in a voiced 'd' pronunciation, as illustrated with 'bobbed', 'begged', 'breathed', 'loved', 'raised', 'bridged', 'claimed', and 'banned'. Additionally, verbs ending with 'd' or 't' sounds lead to the 'ed' ending being pronounced as 'id', with examples such as 'visited', 'edited', 'ended', 'breaded', and 'banned'. The paragraph emphasizes the importance of these pronunciation rules in connected speech, especially when a word ending in a consonant is followed by a word beginning with a vowel, and it also mentions the related concept of H deletion.

Keywords

💡Past tense

The past tense refers to a form of a verb that indicates an action or state that occurred in the past. In the video's theme, it is the focus of the discussion on how 'ed' endings are pronounced differently. For example, 'walked', 'smelled', and 'visited' are all past tense forms of the verbs 'walk', 'smell', and 'visit', and their pronunciation varies depending on the final sound of the root verb.

💡Pronunciation

Pronunciation is the way in which words are articulated when spoken. The video script discusses the pronunciation of the past tense 'ed' ending in English verbs, which can be pronounced as 't', 'd', or a voiced/voiceless 'th' sound. This is central to the video's theme as it helps learners understand the nuances of English phonetics.

💡Voiced sounds

Voiced sounds are speech sounds produced with the vibration of the vocal cords. The script explains that when a verb ends in a voiced sound, the 'ed' ending is pronounced as a voiced 'd'. For instance, 'breathed' is pronounced with a voiced 'ed' ending because 'breath' ends with a voiced sound.

💡Voiceless sounds

Voiceless sounds are speech sounds produced without the vibration of the vocal cords. The video mentions that verbs ending in voiceless sounds cause the 'ed' ending to be pronounced as a voiceless 't'. An example given is 'kissed', where 'kiss' ends with a voiceless sound, and the 'ed' is pronounced as 't'.

💡Vocal cords

Vocal cords are the two bands of muscle tissue in the larynx that vibrate to produce sound. The script uses the concept of vocal cord vibration to explain the difference between voiced and voiceless 'ed' endings. For example, when pronouncing 'walked', the vocal cords do not vibrate for the 't' sound, making it voiceless.

💡Connected speech

Connected speech refers to the way words flow together when speaking, often leading to changes in pronunciation for fluency. The video script touches on this concept when explaining how the 'ed' ending is pronounced clearly when a word ending in a consonant is followed by a word beginning with a vowel, as in 'he walked away'.

💡H deletion

H deletion is a feature of connected speech where the initial 'h' sound of a word is often dropped or not pronounced when it follows a word ending in a consonant. The script gives the example 'we raised her expectations' being pronounced as 'we raised their expectations', where the 'h' in 'her' is not pronounced.

💡Verbs ending in 't' or 'd'

The script specifies that verbs ending in 't' or 'd' have their 'ed' ending pronounced as a voiced 'd' sound. This is part of the rules for 'ed' pronunciation and is illustrated with verbs like 'talked' and 'breathed', which end in 'd' and thus have a voiced 'ed' ending.

💡Verbs ending in 'g' or 'k'

According to the script, verbs that end in 'g' or 'k', which are sounds that lead to a hard 'g' or 'c' sound, will have their 'ed' ending pronounced as a voiceless 't'. Examples include 'frosted' and 'laughed', where the 'ed' ending is pronounced as 't'.

💡Verbs ending in 's' or 'z'

The script explains that when verbs end in 's' or 'z' sounds, the 'ed' ending is pronounced as a voiced or voiceless 'th', depending on whether the preceding sound is voiced or voiceless. Examples given are 'visited' and 'edited', where the 'ed' ending is pronounced as 'it'.

Highlights

Past tense verbs with an 'IDI' ending in English are pronounced in three different ways: 'des', 'dit', or 'did'.

The pronunciation of 'IDI' endings can be like 't' in 'walked', 'd' in 'smelled', or 'id' in 'visited'.

Most Americans make these pronunciation changes without consciously noticing them.

Pronunciation of voiced and voiceless sounds can be felt through vocal cord vibration or lack thereof.

Vocal cord vibration affects the pronunciation of the 'IDI' ending in past tense verbs.

Verbs ending in voiceless sounds lead to a voiceless 't' pronunciation in the 'IDI' ending.

Examples of voiceless 'IDI' endings include 'popped', 'talked', 'froth', 'laughed', 'kissed', 'brushed', and 'reached'.

Verbs ending in voiced sounds like 'b', 'g', 'd' result in a voiced 'd' pronunciation for the 'IDI' ending.

Examples of voiced 'IDI' endings include 'bobbed', 'begged', 'breathed', 'loved', 'raised', 'bridged', 'claimed', 'banged', and 'cleared'.

Verbs ending in 't' or 'd' sounds lead to the 'IDI' ending being pronounced as 'id' or 'tud'.

Examples of 't' or 'd' sound endings include 'visited', 'edited', 'ended', 'breaded'.

Pronunciation rules are crucial for understanding connected speech in English.

The way 'IDI' endings are pronounced affects the clarity of connected speech.

An example of connected speech is 'he walked away' pronounced as 'he walkedaway'.

H-deletion is another rule of connected speech where 'H' is dropped if a word ending in a consonant precedes it.

Examples of H-deletion include 'we raised her expectations' pronounced as 'we raised their expectations'.

The lesson offers practice and explanation on connected speech and H-deletion.

Encouragement to share the lesson on social media platforms like Facebook and Twitter.

Transcripts

hey everyone welcome to elemental

English comm today's podcast is on the

reasons why the past tense of verbs in

English with the IDI ending are

pronounced in three different ways - des

or it you may have noticed that in

English past tense verbs with an IDI

ending are pronounced in three different

ways to do or heed for example if I say

the past tense verb walked as in I

walked away what is the last sound that

you hear in the verb walked the IDI verb

ending sounds like a tip walked even

though it ends in the letter D what do

you hear when I say smelled as in it

smelled bad the IDI verb ending sounds

like a doo smelled and when I say

visited as in I visited New York City

how did I pronounce that IDI ending

visited the IDI verb ending sounds like

it visited this lesson teaches you the

three rules that explain the differences

and past tense verb edie pronunciation

but don't be surprised if most Americans

can't explain these rules to you the

truth is Americans make these changes in

sound without even noticing

intro why the sound changes place your

fingertips on the front of your neck and

pronounce the following words what do

you feel on your fingers when you say

the underline sound Wow

fake zebra snake when we pronounce

voiced sounds our vocal cords vibrate

when we say those sounds did you feel

the vibration when we pronounce

voiceless sounds our vocal cords do not

vibrate

no vibration this vibration or lack of

vibration then carries forward to the

following sound in the word therefore

this vibration or lack of vibration

explains why we pronounce the past tense

of verbs in three voiced or voiceless

ways to death or heed to final sound

verbs ending in voiceless sounds caused

the IDI ending to be pronounced as the

voiceless two with no vocal cord

vibration listen and repeat he popped a

balloon pop they talked a lot talked she

frothed a cup of milk Frost

I laughed at the movie laughed she

kissed a frog kissed

we brushed it off brushed I reached

around for it reached the final sound

verbs ending in the voiced book good in

her loop cause the IDI ending to be

pronounced as a voiced

listen and repeat it bobbed up and down

bobbed he begged her to stay begged she

breathed loudly breathe

they loved it loved we raised her

expectations raised they bridged the gap

bridged I claimed it was mine claimed

they banned new members banned she

banged into the chair banged he cleared

it up cleared I rolled up the paper

rolled HUD or edy final sound verbs

ending in the sounds to order will cause

the edy ending of a verb to be

pronounced of the syllable hood or it

listen and repeat

I visited the Empire State Building

visit

she edited the research paper edited we

ended the game early ended he breaded

the chicken breaded these IDI

pronunciation rules are particularly

important because in English we connect

our speech when we have a word that ends

in a consonant and is followed by a word

that begins with a vowel in this case

the way you say the verbs IDI ending

will be heard loudly and clearly for

example he walked away is pronounced he

walked away did you hear that

Ann walked clearly see the lesson on

connected speech in linking for more

practice and explanation H deletion the

same rule of connected speech consonant

plus vowel occurs when H deletion causes

us to delete the H sound at the

beginning of a word for example we

raised her expectations is pronounced we

raised their expectations we raised our

expectations here we deleted the H in

her then connected the speech from

raised and her which became raised ur

raised ur check out the lesson on H

deletion for more practice and

explanation if this lesson was helpful

to you feel free to share it with your

friends and family on Facebook and

Twitter

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