Autocatalytic Production of Ethylene

Summary

This video explores the autocatalytic production of ethylene, a gaseous plant hormone crucial for fruit ripening and plant growth. Ethylene, a colorless and odorless hydrocarbon, has both beneficial and harmful effects on plants, promoting growth while also making fruits more susceptible to pathogens. It regulates physiological processes, aids in fruit ripening, induces feminization, and stimulates sprouting in tubers and seeds. The video also discusses ethylene's functions, including growth stimulation, gravity reduction, and abscission, as well as the ripening patterns of climacteric and nonclimacteric fruits. Finally, it highlights the impact of ethylene on plant growth, fruit ripening, and shelf life, emphasizing its significance in agricultural practices.

Takeaways

• 🌱 Ethylene is a gaseous plant hormone that plays a crucial role in the ripening process of fruits and the production of flowers.
• 🍎 Ethylene is known for its dual role, being beneficial in promoting plant growth and harmful as it makes fruits more susceptible to pathogens during ripening.
• 🔬 Ethylene is a colorless and odorless hydrocarbon with various applications in the agricultural industry, both as a promoter and inhibitor of plant growth.
• 🌼 Ethylene regulates physiological processes and is used as a plant growth regulator, affecting the growth and other functions of plants.
• 🍌 Ethylene is used for color development and ripening of fruits like bananas, mangoes, and apples.
• 🌺 It induces the production of female flowers and the feminizing effect in plants, as well as early sprouting in tubers and seeds.
• 🌳 Ethylene stimulates horizontal growth and inhibits vertical growth, reducing the sensitivity to gravity and causing stems to become positively geotropic.
• 🥀 It speeds up senescence, which is the loss of cells' power of division and growth, leading to the natural detachment of flowers and leaves from the plant.
• 🍍 Ethylene induces flowering in plants like pineapple and mango, and also causes fading of flowers.
• 🍏 It induces artificial ripening of climacteric fruits such as bananas, mangoes, and apples, and breaks the dormancy of seeds, promoting the growth of buds and storage organs.
• 🌳 Ethylene affects apical dominance by prolonging dormancy of lateral buds and promoting the main stem to dominate over side stems, as seen in pine trees and sunflowers.

Q & A

What is ethylene and what role does it play in plants and fruits?

Ethylene is a gaseous plant hormone that is crucial for inducing the ripening process of many fruits and the production of flowers and fruits. It works alongside other hormones and signals to regulate plant growth and fruit ripening.

What are the beneficial and harmful effects of ethylene on plants?

The beneficial effect of ethylene is that it induces plant growth, while its harmful effect is that it can make fruits more susceptible to pathogens as they ripen.

What are some of the important uses of ethylene in agriculture?

Ethylene is used as a plant growth regulator, for color development and ripening of fruits like bananas and mangoes, and to induce the feminizing effect in plants, such as the production of female flowers and inducing fruits. It's also applied to tubers and seeds to induce early sprouting.

How does ethylene affect the growth and development of plants?

Ethylene stimulates horizontal growth and the swelling of the plant axis while inhibiting growth in the longitudinal direction. It also reduces sensitivity to gravity, causing stems to become positively geotropic and leaves and flowers to droop towards the ground.

What is the autocatalytic process and how is it related to ethylene production?

An autocatalytic process is a chemical reaction where the product acts as a catalyst for the process, producing more of itself. In the case of ethylene, it reacts with other substances to produce more ethylene, which is known as autocatalytic production.

What are the two patterns of fruit ripening and how do they differ in terms of ethylene production?

Fruits are divided into climacteric and nonclimacteric. Climacteric fruits can ripen after harvest and have an increased rate of ethylene production during ripening. Nonclimacteric fruits cannot ripen after harvest and do not have a peak in ethylene production or respiration during ripening.

How does ethylene impact the shelf life and storage capacity of fruits?

Ethylene increases the ripening process of fruits, making them more susceptible to pathogens and reducing their shelf life. As fruits ripen, their flesh becomes softer, which also decreases their storage capacity.

What is the significance of ethylene in the ripening of climacteric fruits?

In climacteric fruits, ethylene triggers a burst of biosynthesis and an increased rate of respiration during ripening. The production of ethylene in these fruits is autocatalytic, meaning an initial concentration of ethylene causes an increase in its own production.

How does ethylene influence the natural detachment of flowers and leaves from plants?

Ethylene stimulates abscission, which is the natural detachment of flowers, leaves, and other parts of the plant. This process is also known as thinning flowering and helps to promote the growth of other fruits.

What are some examples of climacteric and nonclimacteric fruits?

Climacteric fruits include bananas, mangoes, and apples, which can ripen after harvest and have a peak in ethylene production. Nonclimacteric fruits such as raspberries, oranges, strawberries, grapes, cherries, lemons, peppers, and cashews cannot ripen after harvest and do not have a peak in ethylene production.

How does ethylene affect the ripening process of climacteric fruits?

In climacteric fruits, once ethylene is produced, it induces the ripening process and promotes biosynthesis. The production of ethylene grows faster once it is produced, leading to a rapid ripening process.

Outlines

00:00

🍏 Ethylene: The Dual Role in Plant and Fruit Development

This paragraph delves into the role of ethylene, a gaseous plant hormone, in the growth and ripening of plants and fruits. Ethylene is described as a hydrocarbon that is colorless and odorless, with significant applications in the agricultural industry. It can both promote and inhibit plant growth, being best known for its ripening effect on fruits. The paragraph outlines the beneficial and harmful effects of ethylene, such as inducing plant growth and making fruits more susceptible to pathogens. It also lists the important uses of ethylene, including its role as a plant growth regulator, in color development and ripening of fruits like bananas and mangoes, and in inducing the production of female flowers and early sprouting in tubers and seeds. Additionally, it discusses ethylene's functions in plant growth, gravity response, cell division, and the natural detachment of flowers and leaves.

05:01

🔁 Autocatalytic Ethylene Production and Its Impact on Fruit Ripening

The second paragraph explores the concept of autocatalytic processes, particularly focusing on the autocatalytic production of ethylene. It explains that autocatalysis involves a reaction where the product acts as a catalyst, leading to the production of more of the same product. In the context of ethylene, this means that ethylene itself can trigger further production. The paragraph differentiates between climacteric and nonclimacteric fruits, with climacteric fruits being able to ripen after harvest due to an increase in ethylene production and respiration rates, while nonclimacteric fruits do not show this peak and must be harvested ripe. The autocatalytic nature of ethylene in climacteric fruits is highlighted, where an initial concentration of ethylene leads to an increased production. The paragraph concludes by discussing the impact of ethylene on fruits, including increased susceptibility to pathogens, the induction of ripening, and the reduction in shelf life and storage capacity as fruits ripen and soften.

Keywords

💡ethylene

Ethylene is a gaseous plant hormone that is central to the video's theme. It is a small hydrocarbon, colorless and odorless, playing a crucial role in the ripening of fruits and the production of flowers. The video discusses both the beneficial and harmful effects of ethylene, such as promoting plant growth and making fruits more susceptible to pathogens. For instance, ethylene is known for its ripening effect on fruits like bananas, mangoes, and apples.

💡autocatalytic production

Autocatalytic production refers to a chemical reaction process where the product itself acts as a catalyst for the reaction. In the context of the video, autocatalytic production of ethylene means that ethylene reacts with other substances to produce more ethylene. This concept is vital for understanding how ethylene levels can increase in climacteric fruits after harvest, leading to the ripening process.

💡climacteric fruits

Climacteric fruits are a type of fruit that can ripen after being harvested. The video explains that these fruits are characterized by an increase in respiration rate and a burst of ethylene biosynthesis during ripening. An autocatalytic increase in ethylene production is typical for climacteric fruits, which includes examples like bananas and apples.

💡nonclimacteric fruits

Nonclimacteric fruits, as mentioned in the video, are fruits that do not ripen after harvest. Unlike climacteric fruits, they do not exhibit a peak in ethylene production or respiration during ripening. The video provides examples such as raspberries, oranges, strawberries, and grapes, which need to be harvested when fully ripe.

💡plant growth regulator

As a plant growth regulator, ethylene is used to control various physiological processes of plant growth. The video highlights its role in regulating plant growth and other functions, making it an essential tool in agricultural practices.

💡color development

Ethylene is instrumental in the color development and ripening of fruits. The video script mentions that ethylene is used for this purpose in fruits like bananas and mangoes, which undergo changes in color as they ripen.

💡feminizing effect

The feminizing effect of ethylene, as discussed in the video, refers to its ability to induce the production of female flowers in plants and the development of fruits. This hormonal influence is significant in controlling the sex of the plant's reproductive structures.

💡absis

Absis, or abscission, is the natural detachment of flowers and leaves from the plant. The video explains that ethylene stimulates absis, which is part of the process of thinning flowers and young fruits, allowing the remaining fruits to grow more rapidly.

💡apical dominance

Apical dominance is a concept where the main stem of a plant grows more vigorously than the side branches. The video describes how ethylene prolongs dormancy of lateral buds and promotes apical dominance, as seen in plants like pine trees and sunflowers.

💡shelf life

Shelf life, in the context of the video, refers to the period during which fruits remain fresh and suitable for consumption. The video explains that as fruits ripen and ethylene levels increase, their shelf life decreases due to becoming more susceptible to pathogens and the softening of their flesh.

💡storage capacity

Storage capacity pertains to how long fruits can be kept before they spoil. The video script indicates that the ripening process induced by ethylene decreases the storage capacity of fruits, as ripe fruits are softer and more perishable.

Highlights

Ethylene is a gaseous plant hormone crucial for ripening fruits and promoting flower and fruit production.

Ethylene C2H4 is a colorless, odorless hydrocarbon with various applications in agriculture.

It can have both beneficial and harmful effects on plant growth and development.

Ethylene is best known for its ripening effect on fruits.

It regulates physiological processes and is used as a plant growth regulator.

Ethylene is used for color development and ripening of fruits like bananas and mangoes.

It induces feminizing effects, such as the production of female flowers and fruit induction.

Ethylene is applied to tubers and seeds to induce early sprouting.

Ethylene stimulates horizontal growth and inhibits longitudinal growth.

It reduces sensitivity to gravity, causing stems to become positively geotropic and leaves to droop.

Ethylene speeds up senescence, the loss of cells' power to divide and grow.

It stimulates abscission, the natural detachment of flowers and leaves from the plant.

Ethylene induces flowering in plants like pineapple and mango.

It causes fading of flowers and promotes ripening in climacteric fruits like bananas and apples.

Ethylene breaks dormancy in seeds, inducing the growth of buds and storage organs.

Apical dominance is prolonged by ethylene, promoting the main stem to dominate over side stems.

Autocatalytic process involves the product acting as a catalyst for its own production.

Autocatalytic production of ethylene is where ethylene reacts to produce more ethylene.

Fruits are divided into climacteric and nonclimacteric based on their ripening patterns.

Climacteric fruits can ripen after harvest and show an increase in ethylene production.

Nonclimacteric fruits do not show a peak in ethylene production or respiration during ripeening.

Ethylene impacts plant growth by making fruits more susceptible to pathogen attacks.

It induces the ripening process in climacteric fruits, promoting faster biosynthesis.

Ethylene decreases the shelf life and storage capacity of fruits as they ripen and soften.

Transcripts

[Applause]

[Music]

in this video we're going to talk about

autocatalytic production of ethylene

specifically on plants and

fruits what is ethylene ethylene is a

gaseous plant hormone that plays an

important role in inducing the ripening

process of many fruits and for the

production of more flowers and fruit

together with other hormones and signals

so ethylene plays an important role in

the growth of plants and the ripening of

its fruits including the production of

flowers ethylene c24 is a small

hydrocarbon which is colorless and

odorless it this gaseous phyto hormone

that is produced by plants has various

valuable applic ation in the

agricultural

industry it can be both beneficial and

harmful because it promotes an an

inhibit plant growth and development at

various stages in a plant's life it is

however best known for its ripening

effect on fruit so it can be harmful or

beneficial for example The Beneficial

effect of ethylene is it induces the

plant growth whereas its harmful effect

is that it makes the fruit to become

more susceptible to pathogens at as it

ripens the following are some of the

important uses of

ethylene number one it regulates a

number of physiological processes and

hence is used as a plant growth

regulator so it has a f it is a factor

in the growth of plants that's why it's

used to regulate its growth and other

physiological functions of

plants number two ethylene Lambs are

used for color development and ripening

of fruits such as bananas and mango and

also Apple ETC number three it induces

the feminizing effect in Plants

feminizing effects such as the

production of female flowers in plant

and inducing of fruits

it is also applied to ryms tubers and

seeds to induce early sprouting in them

so as what I have said ethylene induces

the plant growth of plants so it is used

to as an inducer to sprout the ryom

tubers and other

seeds it is used also for thining excess

flowers and young fruits such as walnuts

Cher cherry and cotton so thinning of

excess flowers is the natural Detachment

of flowers and also young fruits in

order to permit other fruits to grow

more

rapidly so what are the functions of

ethylene number one is growth ethylene

stimulates horizontal growth and the

swelling of the axis it inhibits the

growth in the longit longitudinal

Direction

number two is gravity it reduces the

sensitivity to gravity the stems become

positively geotropic and the leaves and

flowers undergo drooping or the bending

or the bending of stems towards towards

the ground due to

gravity number three is cense it speeds

up the sense of flowers and leaves

or

what do we call the loss of cells power

of division and growth so if the cells

undergo cense it l it losses its ability

to reproduce because it does not have

more power to grow anymore and absis

ethylin stimulates the absis of flowers

leaves and other parts of

plant obis means the natural ual

Detachment of flowers and leaves from

the plant this is what we call the

process of

thinning flowering ethylin induces

flowering in plants like pineapple mango

in some plants it also causes fading of

flowers next is the ripening of

fruit ripening induces ethylin induces

artificial ripening of climacteric

fruits such as banana mango Apple Etc

breaking

dorcy it breaks the dorcy of seeds or it

breaks the inactive state of seeds

inducing plant inducing the growth of

the buds and sto and storage

organs and lastly the appical dominance

which is which it prolongs dorcy of

lateral Buds and promotes opical

dominance or in other words it permits

the main stem

to dominate over the appical or the side

Twigs or side Twigs or side stems of the

plant example of this is the pine pine

trees and

sunflower what is autocatalytic

process it is a chemical reaction

process in which the product becomes a

catalyst for the process this means that

the product of the reaction reacts on

its own to produce the same same

reaction autocatalytic production of

ethylene is a production in which the

ethylene reacts to produce another

ethylene it it means that when an

ethylene production it reacts to another

to other substance in order to produce

another

ethylene fruit rening patterns so we

have two we have two patterns

in

fruits we have climacteric and

nonclimacteric

fruits are generally divided into two in

general terms climacteric fruits can

ripen after harvest whereas

nonclimacteric fruits cannot ripen after

harvest we can see on the graph shown

that the ethylin amount of

nonclimacteric fruits doesn't increase

after harvest therefore therefore it

does not have the capability to ripen

after harvest whereas we can observe in

the non in the clima teric fruits rather

that the ethylin amount after harvest

increases resulting to in to the indu in

the ripening process of the

fruit climacteric fruit ripening is

characterized by an increased rate of

respiration and then a burst of ethylin

biosynthesis during ripening the

production of ethylene in climacteric

fluit is also shown in the

autocatalytic is also known as

autocatalytic which means an initial

concentration of ethylene causes an

increase in production of

ethylene and nonclimacteric

fruits it that fruits these are fruits

that have a different ripening pattern

they do not have a peak of eelin

production or respiration during

ripening thus they need to be harvested

when they are fully ripe some examples

are raspberries oranges strawberries

grapes cherries lemons peppers and

cashews impact of ethylene on fruits

there are three main impact of etheline

and

fruits number one plant growth fruits

become more susceptible to pathogen

attacks as the amount of ethylene

increases number two the ripening of

fruit it induces the ripening process

and promotes biosynthesis in climacteric

fruits once the eulin is produced the

ripening process starts

and the production of ethylin grows

faster once it is

produced and number three shelf life and

storage

capacity decrease it decreases the shelf

life of fruits and decrease the storage

capacity of fruit fruits so as the fruit

ripens it becomes more susceptible to

pathogens therefore decreasing the shelf

life of the fruit and also as the fruit

ripens its flesh becomes softer

therefore you cannot store it on high

levels that's why it decreases the

storage capacity of

fruits that's all thank

you

hola