Role of Plant growth regulators (PGRs) in plant growth and development.

Summary

In this video, the role of plant growth regulators (PGRs) in regulating the growth and development of plants is discussed. The video covers eight key PGRs, including auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin, ethylene, and abscisic acid, highlighting their functions such as promoting root growth, stimulating shoot elongation, preventing senescence, and aiding in fruit ripening. The commercial applications of these PGRs in agriculture, like seedless fruit production and enhancing crop yield, are also explored. The video concludes with a brief mention of plant tissue culture and encourages viewers to check out related content.

Takeaways

• 😀 Auxin is a growth-promoting hormone that aids in root growth, cell division, and expansion. It also prevents premature leaf and fruit drop and promotes epical dominance.
• 😀 Giberellin (GA) plays a key role in internode and shoot elongation, making it useful in increasing sugarcane yield and promoting seed germination.
• 😀 Cytokinins prevent apical dominance, promote lateral shoot growth, and delay senescence by preventing cellulose degradation and leaf yellowing.
• 😀 Ethylene is a gaseous hormone known for its role in fruit ripening, increasing respiration, and promoting female flower production in plants like cucumbers.
• 😀 Abscissic acid (ABA) acts as a growth inhibitor and promotes stress tolerance by inducing stomatal closure. It also suppresses shoot growth and antagonizes giberellin.
• 😀 Auxin's application can lead to seedless fruit production, such as seedless strawberries and grapes.
• 😀 Giberellin helps break seed and bud dormancy and is used in brewing to convert starch into maltose in barley seeds.
• 😀 Ethylene's role in fruit ripening is commercially applied to fruits like bananas and mangoes, increasing marketable ripeness and size.
• 😀 ABA increases during abiotic and biotic stress, helping plants tolerate harsh conditions by regulating various stress responses.
• 😀 Plant growth regulators (PGRs) like jasminic acid and salicylic acid play important roles in enhancing plant stress responses and promoting plant growth in varying conditions.

Q & A

What is the primary role of auxin in plants?

Auxin is a growth-promoting hormone that facilitates cell wall loosening, increases cell wall plasticity, and helps in cell division and expansion. Its major role is in root growth promotion.

How does auxin influence fruit production?

Auxin helps in the production of seedless fruits by promoting parthenocarpy. For example, the application of auxin results in seedless strawberry and grape production.

What is the main function of gibberellin (GA) in plants?

Gibberellin is important for internode and shoot elongation. It is used to increase the yield of crops like sugarcane and is also involved in breaking dormancy in seeds and buds.

What commercial use does gibberellin have in food production?

Gibberellin is used commercially to increase the size and fullness of fruits like grapes, as well as to stimulate germination in brewing, by converting starch to maltose in barley seeds.

What effect does cytokinin have on plant growth?

Cytokinin prevents apical dominance, promotes lateral shoot growth, induces cell division, and delays senescence. It also prevents the yellowing of older leaves by preventing cellulose degradation.

How is ethylene used commercially in the agriculture industry?

Ethylene, a gaseous hormone, is primarily used to promote fruit ripening in fruits like bananas and mangoes. It also promotes senescence and root hair formation and is used to encourage female flower production in cucumbers.

What is the role of abscissic acid (ABA) in plants?

Abscissic acid has a growth-inhibitory role. It suppresses shoot growth and acts as a gibberellin antagonist. ABA levels increase under stress conditions, which helps impart stress tolerance to the plant. It also causes stomatal closure.

How does ABA contribute to plant stress tolerance?

ABA levels increase during abiotic and biotic stresses, which helps plants cope with these conditions. It plays a key role in stomatal closure, thus minimizing water loss under stressful conditions.

Are Brazilian steroids commonly used in agriculture?

Brazilian steroids have a diversified role in plant growth, including cell division, elongation, germination, and development. They also play a role in abiotic and biotic stress tolerance, though their commercial use is not as widespread.

What are the roles of jasminic acid and salicylic acid in plants?

Jasminic acid and salicylic acid are important for stress responses in plants. They help the plant respond to various abiotic and biotic stresses.