HORMON PADA TUMBUHAN (FITOHORMON)

Summary

This educational video script delves into the world of phytohormones, essential for plant growth and development. It explains the roles of hormones like auxin, cytokinins, gibberellins, abscisic acid, ethylene, and others in processes such as phototropism, etiolation, and fruit ripening. The script also touches on practical applications, like using ethylene to speed up avocado ripening and the use of cytokinins in bonsai cultivation to encourage branching. The lesson aims to inspire a deeper understanding of these plant hormones and their impact on agriculture and horticulture.

Takeaways

• 🌱 Plants use two types of hormones: growth promoters and growth inhibitors.
• 🌳 Auxin is a growth-promoting hormone that encourages upward growth and is typically found at the tips of roots and shoots.
• 🌞 Auxin's function is influenced by light, causing slower growth on the side exposed to sunlight due to its inhibitory effect under light.
• 🌿 Etiolation refers to rapid growth in dark places, leading to noticeable differences between etiolated and normally grown plants.
• 🌼 Gibberellin is a hormone that promotes cell elongation, seed germination, and flowering.
• 🌱 Cytokinins are hormones that inhibit apical dominance, allowing for the growth of lateral branches.
• 🍂 Abscisic acid is a growth inhibitor that closes stomata, causes leaf abscission during drought, and is exemplified by the shedding of leaves in trees like the banyan.
• 🍌 Ethylene is a gaseous hormone that functions in fruit ripening.
• 🥥 A practical tip is given for ripening avocados faster by placing them with bananas and wrapping them in paper.
• 🌿 Kalin is a hormone that forms different organs in plants, including rhizokalin for root formation, antokalin for flower formation, and filokalin for leaf formation.

Q & A

What are the two types of plant hormones mentioned in the script?

The script mentions two types of plant hormones: growth promoters and growth inhibitors.

Which hormones are classified as growth promoters in plants?

Auxin, cytokinin, and gibberellin are classified as growth promoters in plants.

What is the role of auxin in plant growth?

Auxin is a growth promoter hormone that stimulates upward growth, is dominant at the apical growth of shoots and roots, and is usually found at the tips of roots and shoots.

How does light affect the growth of plants in relation to auxin?

Light can inhibit the growth-promoting effects of auxin, causing slower growth on the side of the plant exposed to sunlight, which is due to the hormone being blocked by sunlight.

What is the term used to describe rapid growth in dark places?

The term used to describe rapid growth in dark places is etiolation.

What is the function of gibberellin in plants?

Gibberellin functions as a hormone that promotes cell elongation and encourages flowering and fruit development.

What is cytokinin and what is its role in plant growth?

Cytokinin is a hormone that inhibits apical dominance, allowing for lateral growth and the formation of branches.

How can reducing auxin and increasing cytokinin affect the growth of a bonsai plant?

Reducing auxin and increasing cytokinin can result in a bonsai plant that grows larger but remains small in stature, as it promotes branching and lateral growth.

What is abscisic acid and its role as a growth inhibitor?

Abscisic acid is a growth inhibitor hormone that inhibits seed germination, closes stomata, and causes leaf abscission during dry seasons.

What is the function of ethylene gas in plants?

Ethylene gas functions as a hormone that promotes fruit ripening and abscission.

What is the tip given in the script for ripening avocados faster?

The script suggests that ripening avocados faster can be achieved by placing them with bananas and wrapping them in paper.

What are the functions of the hormones mentioned at the end of the script, such as rhizokalin, antokalin, and filokalin?

Rhizokalin is involved in root formation, antokalin in flower formation, and filokalin in leaf formation.