Fenomena Generasi Z Susah Mencari Pekerjaan

Summary

Indonesia faces a significant challenge with nearly 10 million youth (Generation Z) aged 15-24 who are neither working nor in school. This equates to 22.25% of the youth population. Sociologists emphasize the importance of addressing root causes, such as educational gaps and the shrinking formal job sector. To combat this, the government plans skill development programs and industry partnerships to increase youth employability. As Indonesia enters a demographic bonus period, the government must act swiftly to improve job absorption rates, enhance training, and ensure the young workforce is equipped for the future in a digital economy.

Takeaways

• 😀 Nearly 10 million young Indonesians aged 15-24 are neither working nor in school, representing 22.25% of the youth population.
• 😀 Female youth represent the majority (57.9%) of this group, with 5.73 million young women not engaged in work or school.
• 😀 The Ministry of Manpower plans to address the issue by creating skill development programs through training initiatives for young people.
• 😀 Employers are keen to raise wages for workers, provided their skills are upgraded to meet industry standards.
• 😀 Sociologist Ida Ruwaida calls for a collective approach to address the underlying causes of youth disengagement from work and school.
• 😀 The Indonesian government faces challenges in tackling generational unemployment, as many youth lack the skills required for the modern labor market.
• 😀 A significant portion of Indonesia's workforce has low education levels, with almost 60% having only completed elementary or junior high school.
• 😀 Youth unemployment is particularly high in the informal sector, even among those with vocational training (SMK graduates).
• 😀 Data shows a steady decline in formal sector job creation from 2009 to 2024, as digital industries and capital-intensive sectors continue to dominate.
• 😀 Indonesia is experiencing a demographic bonus, with 64% of its population projected to be in the working-age group by 2030, but youth unemployment remains a significant hurdle.
• 😀 Indonesia’s future economic success depends on maximizing the potential of its productive age population, as highlighted by President Joko Widodo.
• 😀 Elderly Indonesians face a heavy burden, with the elderly supporting a larger portion of the younger generation than the reverse, indicating an imbalance in intergenerational support.

Q & A

What is the current unemployment rate among Indonesia's youth, according to the Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) report?

According to the BPS report, around 9.89 million young people aged 15 to 24 in Indonesia are neither working nor in school, which represents 22.25% of the youth population.

What is the gender distribution of youth unemployment in Indonesia?

The unemployment rate among young females is higher, with 5.73 million females unemployed and not in school, making up 57.9% of the youth unemployment rate, while 4.17 million males are in the same situation, making up 42.1%.

What actions are being considered by the Ministry of Manpower to address youth unemployment in Indonesia?

The Ministry of Manpower is focusing on improving the skill set of youth by offering various training programs to enhance their competencies, which could increase their employability and salary potential in the job market.

What does sociologist Ida Ruwaida suggest is necessary to tackle the unemployment issue among Generation Z?

Ida Ruwaida emphasizes the need for a collective approach to understand the root causes of unemployment among Generation Z and stresses the importance of interventions to help them enter the labor market.

What role do sociologists like Imam Prasojo believe creative industries can play in addressing youth unemployment?

Imam Prasojo suggests that creative industries and entrepreneurial 'champions' can help provide support and guidance to young people, especially those from less-educated backgrounds, and create new job opportunities in the informal sector.

How has the absorption of labor in the formal sector changed over the last 15 years?

The absorption of labor in the formal sector has been steadily declining. In 2009-2014, 15.6 million workers were absorbed, but by 2019-2024, this number dropped to only 2 million, highlighting a significant reduction in formal sector job opportunities.

What factors contribute to the shrinking formal labor market in Indonesia?

The shrinking formal labor market is mainly due to the shift from labor-intensive industries to capital-intensive industries and the growing influence of digital technologies, which replace many traditional jobs.

What is the expected demographic shift in Indonesia by 2030, and how does it impact the job market?

By 2030, 64% of Indonesia’s population is expected to be in the productive age group (15-64 years), presenting an opportunity for economic growth. However, to take advantage of this demographic dividend, job market conditions must be improved to accommodate this growing workforce.

How does President Joko Widodo view the potential impact of the demographic dividend on Indonesia’s future?

President Joko Widodo believes that Indonesia’s future economic growth depends on effectively utilizing the demographic dividend. If the productive age group is adequately prepared and supported, Indonesia could become a developed nation.

What is the challenge related to the increasing number of elderly people in Indonesia?

The challenge is that elderly individuals in Indonesia are increasingly shouldering the economic burden of supporting the younger population, with 5.7 million elderly people working to support 11.1 million members of the productive age group, which places significant strain on the younger generation.