Gen Z: "Bom Waktu" Bonus Demografi? | AKIM tvOne

Summary

The Indonesian demographic bonus, particularly Generation Z, is a double-edged sword. With a significant portion of the population being unemployed, reaching nearly 10 million, there's a pressing need for government intervention. The discussion with policy observer Pak Trubus highlights the potential of creating a dedicated ministry for youth or expanding existing ones like the Ministry of Youth and Sports. The focus should be on aligning job creation policies with the skills and aspirations of Generation Z, reducing unemployment, and preventing a generational crisis of frustration.

Takeaways

• 😀 The demographic bonus of Generation Z in Indonesia is a significant topic, with the potential to be highly beneficial rather than a disaster or time bomb, especially considering the large number of unemployed individuals from this generation.
• 📊 According to data from BPS (Badan Pusat Statistik) as of February 2023, Indonesia's population is 275 million, with 139.3 million males and 136.3 million females, highlighting the diversity in age groups and generations.
• 👥 Generation Z, born between 1997 and 2012, makes up a substantial part of the population with 67 million individuals, ranging in age from 12 to 27 years old, indicating a large youth segment.
• 🎓 Unemployment is a pressing issue, with nearly 10 million people unemployed, a significant portion of which are from Generation Z, particularly those aged 18 to 24 years old who have recently completed high school or higher education.
• 🏢 The mismatch between the job market's demands and Generation Z's capabilities is a key concern, with many graduates from vocational schools facing difficulties in finding stable employment.
• 🔄 The 'job-hopping' or 'bed-hopping' phenomenon among Generation Z is prevalent, with 86% of employees resigning from their jobs, often due to better offers, mismatched passions, or work overload.
• 🤔 The government's role in addressing the unemployment issue is crucial, with suggestions ranging from creating specific policies to forming a dedicated ministry for Generation Z or integrating them into existing departments like Youth and Sports.
• 💼 Companies often set criteria for employment that do not align with the skills and qualifications of Generation Z, leading to a struggle for young people to find suitable jobs.
• 🔄 Job loyalty varies significantly across generations, with Generation Z showing a higher tendency to switch jobs within a year (57.3%) compared to older generations, and only 5.8% staying for more than five years.
• 🌐 The aspirations of Generation Z are diverse, with a significant portion wanting to become entrepreneurs (29.4%), public servants (29.4%), and others preferring professional or freelance work.
• 📉 The issue of unemployment among Generation Z is not just an economic concern but also a social one, potentially leading to a frustrated generation if not addressed properly by the government and society.

Q & A

What is the demographic bonus and why is it a significant issue in Indonesia?

The demographic bonus refers to the advantage a country gains from having a large, young, and growing working-age population. In Indonesia, it's a significant issue because it presents an opportunity for economic growth but also poses a challenge if the large youth population, particularly Generation Z, becomes unemployed, potentially leading to social unrest.

What is the total population of Indonesia according to BPS data from 2023?

The total population of Indonesia as of 2023 is approximately 275 million people, consisting of 139.3 million males and 136.3 million females.

How many people belong to Generation Z in Indonesia, and what is their age range?

Generation Z in Indonesia, which includes those born between 1997 and 2012, consists of about 67 million people, with ages ranging from 12 to 27 years old.

What is the current unemployment rate among Generation Z in Indonesia?

According to BPS data, the unemployment rate among Generation Z is nearly 10 million people, with a slight difference of 4.77 million males and 5.73 million females.

Why is there a high unemployment rate among Generation Z despite their large numbers?

The high unemployment rate among Generation Z is attributed to a mismatch between the job market's demands and the skills and qualifications of the graduates. Additionally, there is a lack of job opportunities that align with their capabilities and interests.

What is the government's role in addressing the unemployment issue among Generation Z?

The government is expected to create policies and regulations that focus on the future development of Generation Z, such as forming a dedicated ministry or expanding existing ones to include programs that provide job opportunities and skill development.

What is the phenomenon of 'Kuto Loncat' and how is it related to Generation Z?

The 'Kuto Loncat' phenomenon refers to the tendency of Generation Z to frequently change jobs, often referred to as 'job-hopping.' It is related to Generation Z's desire to find work that aligns with their passions and interests, and their willingness to move on if the current job does not meet their expectations.

What are the main reasons for Generation Z's high job-hopping rate according to the Work Culture Report?

The main reasons for Generation Z's job-hopping include receiving better job offers from other companies (33%), the job not aligning with their passion (25%), feeling overwhelmed by work (25%), and issues with the company's work culture (21%).

How does the loyalty of employees differ across different generations in Indonesia?

The survey data shows that Generation X (aged over 35) has a higher loyalty rate, with 42.5% staying in a job for over five years. In contrast, only 5.8% of Generation Z stay in a job for more than five years, indicating a significant difference in job tenure across generations.

What are the aspirations of Generation Z in terms of career and employment?

Surveys indicate that 29.4% of Generation Z aspire to become entrepreneurs, while another 29.4% hope to secure jobs as civil servants (ASN). The rest are interested in various forms of employment, including professional, freelance, and others.

What steps should the government take to prevent Generation Z from becoming a frustrated generation?

The government should focus on integrating policies that protect and support Generation Z, such as expanding job opportunities, providing guidance and mentorship, and creating an environment that encourages entrepreneurship and skill development.