Praktikum Uji Keteratogenikan (Departemen Biologi - ITS)

Summary

This experiment investigates the teratogenic effects of various substances, including Liquid Vape, on fetal development in mice. Pregnant female mice are treated with different doses of chemicals, and their fetuses are examined for skeletal malformations. The study shows that higher doses of nicotine cause significant delays in ossification and bone development, leading to severe malformations and even fetal death. The results highlight the potential risks of nicotine exposure during pregnancy, confirming its teratogenic effects. The experiment underscores the importance of understanding the impacts of environmental toxins on fetal health.

Takeaways

• 😀 The experiment involves testing the toxicity of substances on pregnant mice (Mus musculus) to observe fetal development and potential malformations.
• 😀 The substances tested include glycerin, ethanol, formalin, and Liquid Vape (nicotine in varying concentrations).
• 😀 The primary aim is to observe how these substances affect fetal skeletal development, particularly ossification (bone hardening).
• 😀 Mice are first acclimatized for 7 days before being mated, with pregnancy confirmed via vaginal plugs (Day 0).
• 😀 Pregnant females are dosed with the test substances daily from Day 6 to Day 12 of pregnancy, based on 1% of their body weight.
• 😀 On Day 18 of pregnancy, the pregnant mice are euthanized, and their embryos are extracted for skeletal examination.
• 😀 Skeletal analysis involves removing soft tissues, staining bones with Alizarin Red S, and observing skeletal formation under a stereo microscope.
• 😀 Control group mice show normal bone development with 24 vertebrae, 7 ribs, and 12 costae (ribs).
• 😀 Low doses of Liquid Vape (10 PPM) cause mild skeletal malformations and delayed ossification but no major deformities.
• 😀 Moderate doses (20 PPM) lead to more significant skeletal deformities, including bending and irregular bone growth in vertebrae and ribs.
• 😀 High doses (30-40 PPM) cause severe skeletal deformities, including incomplete skulls, bent vertebrae, and underdeveloped ribs, with some fetuses dying.
• 😀 Very high doses (50 PPM) result in widespread skeletal malformations, incomplete bone formation, and complete fetal death in many cases.
• 😀 The experiment supports the idea that nicotine in Liquid Vape is a teratogen, causing significant delays in ossification and bone malformations in developing embryos.
• 😀 The severity of the effects is dose-dependent, with higher doses leading to more severe deformities and higher rates of fetal death.
• 😀 The findings emphasize the risks of nicotine exposure during pregnancy and its potential to disrupt normal fetal development, particularly bone formation.

Q & A

What is the primary objective of the experiment described in the script?

The primary objective of the experiment is to test the toxicity of various substances, particularly focusing on their effects on fetal development and skeletal structure in mice (Mus musculus).

Which substances were used in the experiment, and what were their concentrations?

The substances used in the experiment were glycerin, ethanol 96%, formalin 5%, and Liquid Vape with varying nicotine concentrations (10 PPM to 50 PPM).

How were the pregnant mice prepared for the experiment?

The pregnant mice were first acclimated for 7 days. Their estrous cycles were monitored, and when the females were in estrus, they were mated. Pregnancy was confirmed on day 0, and various substances were administered from day 6 to day 12 of pregnancy.

What was the method of administering the substances to the mice?

The substances were administered orally via gavage to the pregnant female mice. The doses were given daily from day 6 to day 12 of pregnancy.

What procedure was used to assess the skeletal development of the embryos?

The embryos were euthanized on day 18, and their skeletal development was analyzed using Alizarin Red S stain. This allowed the researchers to visualize and assess bone formation, including vertebrae, ribs, and limbs.

What were the observed effects on the embryos at the 10 PPM dose of Liquid Vape?

At the 10 PPM dose, minor malformations were observed in the embryos, primarily consisting of delays in ossification and incomplete bone formation.

What malformations were observed at the 20 PPM dose of Liquid Vape?

At the 20 PPM dose, significant malformations were observed, including incomplete vertebrae and rib structures, as well as curvature in the vertebrae.

What were the results of the 30 PPM and 40 PPM doses of Liquid Vape?

At 30 PPM, malformations worsened, including severe vertebral curvature and incomplete skeletal development. At 40 PPM, severe deformities were observed in the skull and jaw, with many embryos showing incomplete or absent skeletal structures.

How did the higher doses of Liquid Vape affect fetal development?

Higher doses of Liquid Vape (above 30 PPM) caused significant delays in ossification, severe skeletal malformations, and increased fetal mortality, suggesting that high concentrations of nicotine adversely affect fetal development.

What conclusions were drawn from the results of this experiment?

The experiment concluded that nicotine, particularly in high doses, has a significant negative impact on fetal skeletal development, causing malformations and ossification delays. The findings underscore the risks of exposure to nicotine during pregnancy.