What Vaping Does to the Body

Summary

El script explora los efectos del vaping en el cuerpo humano, comparándolo con el tabaquismo tradicional. Se describen las vías respiratorias y cómo el vapor de los e-cigarrillos puede causar daños en los pulmones, incluyendo una lesión pulmonar aguda llamada EVALI. Se discuten los síntomas, los ingredientes comunes en los líquidos de los e-cigarrillos y se destaca la conexión de vitamina E acetato y THC con esta lesión. Se sugiere evitar estos componentes y se enfatiza la importancia de cuidar los pulmones, con un enfoque en la prevención de la exposición a sustancias extrañas. Además, se presenta Brilliant como una plataforma de aprendizaje en línea para STEM que puede apoyar el estudio de temas médicos.

Takeaways

• 🚫 El vaping puede ser perjudicial para la salud, causando daños pulmonares similares a los de la neumonía.
• 🌫 El vapor de los dispositivos de vaping contiene una mezcla de sustancias, incluidos el nicotina, propileno glicol, gliserol, THC, CBD y hasta metales como el estaño, níquel, cromo, manganeso y arsénico.
• 🔍 Se ha identificado a la vitamina E acetato como un ingrediente problemático en los casos de lesiones pulmonares asociadas al uso de productos de vaping (EVALI).
• 🏥 El número de hospitalizaciones por EVALI ha aumentado, con 2807 casos reportados y 68 muertes hasta febrero de 2020, lo que representa una tasa de mortalidad del 2.4%.
• 💊 Los tratamientos para EVALI suelen ser de soporte, incluyendo antibióticos como medida precautoria y terapias antiinflamatorias con esteroides para reducir la inflamación.
• 🍃 Aunque el vaping es considerado menos dañino que fumar cigarrillos, no se recomienda para personas que nunca han fumado.
• 🚭 La comunidad médica generalmente considera que fumar es peor que el vaping, aunque se necesita más investigación a largo plazo sobre los efectos del vaping.
• 👶 El vaping entre la juventud, incluyendo estudiantes de escuela secundaria y universitarios, es una preocupación debido al potencial de ser una puerta de entrada hacia el cigarrillo.
• 📉 El CDC recomienda no usar productos de vaping que contengan vitamina E acetato o THC, debido a su asociación con lesiones pulmonares.
• 💡 La mayoría de los pacientes con EVALI mejoran en un plazo de dos semanas con tratamiento, aunque pueden requerir más tiempo para una recuperación completa.
• 🧠 El script también promueve la plataforma de aprendizaje en línea Brilliant para desarrollar habilidades en matemáticas, lógica, ciencia y computación, relevantes para el campo médico.

Q & A

¿Qué es el 'vaping' y cómo se relaciona con los cigarrillos electrónicos?

El 'vaping' es el acto de inhalar vapor producido por un dispositivo electrónico, conocido como e-cigarette o cigarrillo electrónico. Originalmente diseñados para imitar los cigarrillos tradicionales, la tecnología ha evolucionado y los dispositivos modernos son más grandes, recargables y contienen un cartucho con líquido que se vaporiza mediante un atomizador.

¿Cómo afecta el vaping al cuerpo humano y es esto malo para la salud?

El vaping puede ser perjudicial para la salud. En los últimos años, se ha observado un aumento de pacientes con lesiones pulmonares agudas debido al vaping, denominadas Lesiones Pulmonares Asociadas al Uso de Productos de Vaping o EVALI. Estos pacientes presentan síntomas similares a los de la neumonía, pero sin una causa infecciosa identificable.

¿Cuáles son los síntomas comunes en los pacientes con EVALI?

Los síntomas comunes incluyen fiebre, escalofríos, malestar general, tos, dificultad para respirar, dolor torácico y en algunos casos, hemoptisis (expectoración de sangre). Además, hasta el 80% de los pacientes con EVALI presentan síntomas gastrointestinales como náuseas, vómitos, diarrea y dolor abdominal generalizado.

¿Qué ingredientes comunes se encuentran en los cartuchos de los dispositivos de vaping y cuál podrían ser problemáticos?

Los ingredientes comunes incluyen nicotina, propileno glicol o glicerol como humectantes, tetrahidrocannabinol (THC), aceites de CBD, vitamina E acetato y más de 7000 sabores. También se han detectado trazas de metales como estaño, níquel, cromo, manganeso y arsenic. El vitamina E acetato y el THC se han vinculado con EVALI.

¿Por qué el vitamina E acetato podría ser perjudicial cuando se inhala a través del vaping?

El vitamina E acetato, aunque no es perjudicial para la piel, podría causar problemas al ser inhalado. Es un sustancia grasa y espesa que podría recubrir la línea de los tubos respiratorios o el tejido pulmonar, provocando una respuesta inflamatoria o interactuando de otra manera con las células, aunque el mecanismo exacto aún se necesita investigar.

¿Qué recomendaciones ha hecho la CDC en relación con el uso de vitamin E acetato y THC en los productos de vaping?

La CDC ha recomendado que las compañías de vaping no utilicen vitamina E acetato en sus productos y que las personas eviten productos que contengan vitamina E acetato y THC debido a su fuerte vínculo con los casos de EVALI.

¿Qué consecuencias ha habido en los pacientes con EVALI y cuál es su tasa de mortalidad?

Hasta febrero de 2020, la CDC recopiló datos de 2807 hospitalizaciones y 68 muertes relacionadas con EVALI, lo que representa una tasa de mortalidad del 2.4%. Sin embargo, esto se refiere al 2.4% de las personas con EVALI, no al 2.4% de las personas que vapan.

¿Cómo se compara el vaping con el cigarrillo tradicional en términos de daño a la salud?

La comunidad médica generalmente está de acuerdo en que, si se tiene que elegir entre los dos, fumar es peor que el vaping. Aunque se cuenta con más datos sobre los efectos a largo plazo del cigarrillo en comparación con el vaping, ya que es una práctica relativamente nueva y se está investigando el mecanismo exacto de cómo el vitamina E acetato y el THC causan daños.

¿Qué recomendaciones se tienen para aquellos que desean dejar de fumar y considerar el vaping como una alternativa?

Si un paciente quiere dejar de fumar, la recomendación es que no use medicamentos y prefiera dejar de fumar completamente antes de considerar el vaping. La CDC sugiere que si se utiliza el vaping como reemplazo del cigarrillo, no se mezcle los dos y se busque la cesación del hábito de fumar primero.

¿Qué es Brilliant y cómo puede ayudar a futuros profesionales de la salud?

Brilliant es una plataforma interactiva de aprendizaje en línea para temas de STEM, que incluye matemáticas, lógica, ciencia y ciencia de la computación. Ayuda a desarrollar conocimientos y habilidades para resolver problemas a través de lecciones prácticas, lo que permite pensar de manera creativa, hacer las preguntas adecuadas y aplicar la información a situaciones del mundo real, incluyendo la medicina y el cuerpo humano.

Outlines

00:00

🚭 Vaping y sus efectos en el cuerpo

El primer párrafo explora qué sucede cuando se inhala vapor a través de un dispositivo de vaporización y cómo esto difiere de fumar un cigarrillo tradicional. Se menciona que el vapor y el humo del cigarrillo viajan por los mismos caminos respiratorios, desde la nariz o la boca, hasta llegar a los alvéolos en los pulmones, donde ocurre el intercambio de gases. Se destaca la importancia de entender estos caminos para saber cómo afectan el cuerpo. Además, se presenta el caso de lesiones pulmonares agudas relacionadas con el uso de productos de vaporización (EVALI), que han aumentado en hospitales y presentan síntomas similares a los de la neumonía, pero sin una causa infecciosa identificable.

05:01

🤒 Síntomas y causas de lesiones pulmonares por vaping

El segundo párrafo detalla los síntomas que presentan los pacientes con EVALI, que incluyen fiebre, escalofríos, tos, dificultad respiratoria, dolor torácico y, en algunos casos, hemoptisis (expectoración de sangre). También se menciona que hasta el 80% de los pacientes experimentan síntomas gastrointestinales, como náuseas, vomitos, diarrea y dolor abdominal. Se discuten las posibles causas de EVALI, relacionadas con los ingredientes comunes en los líquidos de los dispositivos de vaporización, que incluyen nicotina, propilenoglicol, glicol, tetrahidrocannabinol (THC), aceite de CBD, vitamina E acetato y otros. Se destaca la correlación encontrada entre vitamina E acetato y THC con EVALI, y se sugiere que estos componentes podrían estar causando daños inflamatorios en los pulmones.

10:04

💊 Tratamiento y comparación de los riesgos entre vaping y fumar

El tercer párrafo se enfoca en el tratamiento de los pacientes con EVALI y las recomendaciones para evitar los riesgos asociados con el vaping. Se menciona que la mayoría de los pacientes mejoran notablemente en un período de dos semanas con un tratamiento de soporte, que puede incluir antibióticos, esteroides antiinflamatorios y oxígeno suplementario. También se discute la comparación entre el vaping y el fumar de cigarrillos, con una consensuada opinión en la comunidad médica de que el fumar es más dañino. Se sugiere que, si alguien intenta dejar de fumar, sería preferible que utilice el vaping en lugar del cigarrillo, pero se enfatiza que el mejor consejo es evitar ambos. Finalmente, se destaca la preocupación por el aumento del vaping en jóvenes y la posibilidad de que actúe como puente hacia el fumar. El párrafo termina con una promoción del patrocinador del video, Brilliant, una plataforma de aprendizaje en línea para STEM que ayuda a desarrollar habilidades de pensamiento crítico y problem solving.

Keywords

💡Vaping

Vaping se refiere al acto de inhalar y exhalar vapor producido por un dispositivo electrónico llamado e-cigarette o 'cigarrillo electrónico'. En el video, se discute cómo el vaping puede afectar negativamente al cuerpo, particularmente a los pulmones, y cómo las sustancias presentes en el líquido de los dispositivos de vaping han estado vinculadas con lesiones pulmonares agudas.

💡E-cigarette or Vaping product use Associated Lung Injury (EVALI)

EVALI es un término médico utilizado para describir lesiones pulmonares agudas asociadas al uso de productos de vaping o cigarrillos electrónicos. El video menciona que los hospitales han reportado un aumento de pacientes con síntomas similares a los de la neumonía, pero sin una causa infecciosa, que se han vinculado al vaping.

💡Alveoli

Los alveolos son pequeñas bolsas en los pulmones donde ocurre el intercambio de gases entre el oxígeno y el dióxido de carbono y la sangre. En el video, se resalta la importancia de los alveolos al discutir cómo las sustancias inhaladas a través del vaping pueden afectarlos y causar problemas respiratorios.

💡Nicotine

El nicotine es una sustancia alcaloide presente en el tabaco y otros productos de vaping que tiene propiedades adictivas. En el video, se menciona que el nicotine es uno de los ingredientes comunes en los líquidos de los dispositivos de vaping y puede causar dependencia.

💡Propylene Glycol

El propileno glicol es un humectante utilizado en los líquidos de los dispositivos de vaping para mantener la humedad de los ingredientes. Aunque no se discute en profundidad en el video, se menciona como uno de los componentes comunes en los líquidos de vaping.

💡Vitamin E Acetate

El ácido acetato de vitamina E es un ingrediente que se ha vinculado con EVALI. El video destaca que la mayoría de los pacientes con EVALI han mostrado niveles altos de vitamina E acetate en análisis de lavado broncoalveolar, lo que ha llevado a las autoridades a recomendar su eliminación de los productos de vaping.

💡THC

El THC, o tetrahidrocannabinol, es el compuesto principal en la marihuana que causa los efectos psicotrópicos. El video menciona que el THC también ha sido encontrado en los análisis de pacientes con EVALI, y se recomienda evitar productos de vaping que contengan THC debido a su asociación con lesiones pulmonares.

💡Bronchoalveolar Lavage

El lavado broncoalveolar es un procedimiento médico en el que se inyecta una solución salina en los bronquiolos y los alveolos para luego aspirarla y analizarla. En el video, se describe cómo este procedimiento ha sido utilizado para diagnosticar EVALI, identificando vitamin E acetate y THC en los líquidos recuperados de los pacientes.

💡Suplemento de Oxígeno

El suplemento de oxígeno es un tratamiento que se utiliza para ayudar a los pacientes con dificultades respiratorias a recibir suficiente oxígeno. En el video, se menciona que muchos pacientes con EVALI reciben oxígeno suplementario para tratar sus síntomas.

💡Steroides Antiinflamatorios

Los esteroides antiinflamatorios son medicamentos que se utilizan para reducir la inflamación. El video indica que algunos médicos han notado mejoras en sus pacientes con EVALI al administrar esteroides antiinflamatorios, que pueden ayudar a calmar la inflamación causada por el vaping.

💡Brilliant

Brilliant es una plataforma de aprendizaje en línea interactiva para temas de STEM (matemáticas, lógica, ciencia y ciencias de la computación). Aunque no directamente relacionado con el tema principal del video, se menciona como patrocinador del video, ofreciendo lecciones prácticas para desarrollar habilidades de pensamiento crítico y resolución de problemas.

Highlights

Vaping involves inhaling vapor from e-cigarettes, which can have harmful effects on the body.

The discussion includes a visual aid using real human lungs to illustrate the impact of vaping.

Vaping can lead to E-cigarette or Vaping product use Associated Lung Injury (EVALI), similar to pneumonia.

EVALI patients often present with symptoms like fever, cough, and chest pain, including hemoptysis.

Hospitals have seen an increase in acute lung injury cases due to vaping.

Vaping cartridges may contain harmful substances such as nicotine, propylene glycol, glycerol, THC, CBD, and vitamin E acetate.

Vitamin E acetate and THC have been linked to EVALI, prompting health warnings.

Vaping can cause GI symptoms like nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain in up to 80% of EVALI patients.

Bronchoalveolar lavage is a procedure used to diagnose EVALI by analyzing fluid from the lungs.

CDC recommends against using vaping products containing vitamin E acetate or THC.

As of February 2020, EVALI has led to 2807 hospitalizations and 68 deaths in the United States.

Treatment for EVALI primarily involves supportive care, with some patients responding to anti-inflammatory steroids.

Most EVALI patients show improvement within two weeks, but long-term effects of vaping are still unknown.

The medical community generally agrees that smoking is more harmful than vaping, but vaping is not without risks.

Vaping is considered a potential gateway to cigarette smoking, especially among younger populations.

The video also promotes an online learning platform, Brilliant, for STEM subjects relevant to medicine.

Transcripts

What does vaping do to the body?

Is it bad?

And if so, how bad?

And how does it compare to regular old cigarette smoking?

Same, better or worse?

We'll answer all those questions and of course take out some real human lungs to help us

with this discussion as well as show some other organ systems that you may not know

could be affected by vaping.

So, let's jump right into this.

[Intro] so, as we get into this discussion about vaping, I just want to quickly say thank

you to the sponsor of this video, Brilliant.

We'll put the link in the description below as well as talk a little bit more about Brilliant

at the end of the video.

But when it comes to vaping or bringing vapor into the body or cigarette smoke into the

body, we're just breathing in good old-fashioned oxygen - it's really important to understand

the pathways in which those substances will travel and therefore gives us an idea of how

they can affect the body.

So let's take a look at those pathways on the cadaver here.

This is a sagittal cut through the head and this will give us an idea of the upper airways,

and if we take a look here we can obviously see the nose, the mouth here.

Now, we can bring air in through the nose, and if it goes in through the nose, it'll

enter a passageway called the nasal cavity.

Now, this septum right here is just dividing the nasal cavity into right and left sides

but we can obviously bring air through there.

We can obviously bring in air also through the mouth and the oral cavity.

But both the nasal cavity and the oral cavity are going to end up going into the same place

- this area that we refer to as the pharynx, but most of us just call it the throat.

But as the vapor or the air moves down through the pharynx, we have to go one way or the

other.

There's this fork in the road.

The posterior tube often referred to as the food tube or the esophagus, that's not where

this stuff's gonna go.

We're gonna move the air or the vapor in to the trachea which is the anterior tube or

portion which is pretty crazy that you guys can see even a cadaver, you can see that - let

me pull it up a little higher - that the trachea stays open which makes a lot of sense because

we're breathing all the time, so the body's created these little cartilaginous rings to

keep the trachea or the airways open, where the esophagus, we're not eating 24 hours a

day (at least hopefully not) and this thing can collapse in between meals and no big deal.

But we're ending at the trachea on this particular cadaver, so I’ve got to show you a different

dissection here of a right lung and again, the trachea here.

So, let's just orient you - here's the trachea - the air is moving down through there but

then when we get down to the bottom here, we have a fork in the road.

This is only the right half or the majority of the right half here.

It could go left to the left lung or right to the right lung and when it branches here,

we call these the bronchi.

And as you can continue to see here, they just further branch into the lung tissue as

different types of bronchi or bronchus for singular.

As the bronchi continue to branch, they get smaller and we change the name to bronchioles

and then they go into these things called alveolar sacs made up of individual alveoli.

Now, that's your little anatomy lesson for how this air is going to go in, but the really

important part of this is the alveolar sacs and alveoli because those are the thinnest,

thinnest tissues within the lung or the thinnest part of the tubing, only one cell thick.

And that's really important because that's where we exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide

with the bloodstream and the alveoli and the bronchioles tend to be the most affected when

we're talking about vaping.

So, what exactly is vaping?

Well?

Vaping started with e-cigarettes which were originally designed to meek regular cigarettes.

However, the technology has dramatically changed over the last few years.

These devices tend to now be larger, rechargeable and they contain a cartridge that has a liquid

inside.

That liquid is then heated by being passed through an atomizer which vaporizes that liquid

and creates a vapor, hence the name "vaping".

But is bringing in that vapor to the human body a bad thing?

Well, it definitely can be.

You see, over the past few years, hospitals have seen an increase in patients with acute

lung injury due to vaping.

They've now termed this E-cigarette or Vaping product use Associated Lung Injury or EVALI,

and we'll use EVALI for the rest of the video.

But these patients were coming in with symptoms very similar to pneumonia.

But what they found is there was no infective cause to their symptoms...

Meaning when they would do testing, they couldn't find a viral cause or a bacterial cause to

their symptoms but found that they all had these similarities and they had recently been

vaping.

So, the idea was that something in that cartridge or that was being vaporized was causing some

harm to the lungs.

But before we get into what they think could be the products or the substances inside that

cartridge that were causing damage to the lung, let me tell you a little bit about the

symptoms that the patients were coming in with.

Many of the patients would have fever, chills and even that generalized icky feeling - also

cough, shortness of breath and chest pain and even hemoptysis in some cases - hemoptysis

just being a fancy pants name for coughing up blood and it makes sense if we're breathing

something in that we could affect the lung tissue and have symptoms that would be symptomatic

of a lung issue.

However, up to 80% of patients with EVALI would have GI symptoms - meaning, affecting

the GI tract and they would have things like nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and just generalized

abdominal pain.

So the cause...

What do they think is inside these cartridges and therefore the liquid in the vapor that

could be linked or causing EVALI and therefore the symptoms in these patients?

Well, the challenge is, this isn't a highly regulated industry.

So the ingredients that one manufacturer might use compared to another manufacturer might

not be the exact same.

However, they have found a lot of common ingredients in these substances some of which include

things like nicotine which we know can cause substance dependence or be addictive, also

containing things like propylene glycol or glycerol.

Those are known as humectants which help moisturize the ingredients within the liquid in the cartridge.

We also see things like tetrahydrocannabinol, which is THC, even CBD oils and also they

found vitamin E acetate.

They can also include over 7000 flavors and some have found little traces of metal like

tin, nickel, chromium, manganese and even arsenic.

But out of all those ingredients, are some of them more problematic than others?

Did they find any specific links to certain ingredients?

And the answer is yes.

So let's go back to that hospital example: when clinicians were going in and seeing these

patients, they'd often observe tachycardia, tachypnea - which is a rapid heart rate, rapid

breathing, low oxygen saturation - they'd often get a chest X-ray or CT scan which would

show infiltrates in their lung or what they refer to as opacities, and the clinicians

are thinking "This looks like pneumonia".

And then they would go do cultures and see no bacterial cause or they do viral panels

and couldn't see a viral cause and that caused them to think "What's going on here".

And so, in some cases, they would do this procedure called a bronchoalveolar lavage.

A bronchoalveolar lavage is pretty cool - it's when you take a scope or a fiber optic camera

down into the respiratory passageways, going down into the trachea and again, it would

go down into these further airways and you'd take the tubing or the camera within the tubing

of the lung tissue or the bronchial tree to see if you could view things.

Now, what they would also do is inject - literally inject saline, which is kind of a salt water

mixture, into those terminal airways - bronchoalveolar lavage so into the bronchioles and the alveoli

and then they'd literally suck it up and then they would take that fluid and analyze it

to see what they'd find.

Again, they didn't find pathogens but the majority of people with EVALI they found vitamin

E acetate and THC.

So, what do we do with this information about vitamin E acetate and THC?

And since when is vitamin E a harmful substance?

Well, it's typically not when we use it in lotions and creams and apply it to our skin

or even ingest it, but remember, when we ingest and it goes down the food tube or the esophagus,

that's going to be processed a lot differently than if it goes down the airway or into the

trachea and down into the respiratory passageways and into the lung tissue.

The idea is, could it be that this is - this oily kind of thickening substance that coats

the lining of the tubing or into the lung tissue that causes an inflammatory response?

Is it interacting with the cells in another way that's causing a problem?

Well, we don't know the exact mechanism yet, so more research is needed on that.

However, because of the strong link of vitamin E acetate to patients with EVALI, the CDC

has recommended that vaping companies don't use vitamin E acetate in their products or

you just don't pick a product that has vitamin E acetate.

They're also recommending, unfortunately for those that like this stuff, that people don't

use products that contain THC again because of that link of how many people have it found

in their bronchoalveolar lavage and had EVALI.

I’m sorry to be the bearer of bad news.

So, how does it turn out for patients with EVALI?

If we're talking about numbers, up until February of 2020, the CDC gathered data and they found

2807 people were hospitalized with this.

Out of those 2807, 68 people died.

If we do the math on that, that's about 2.4%.

Now, to be clear, that's not 2.4 percent of people who vape are going to die, that's 2.4%

of people who get EVALI from vaping.

So, based on those numbers, the majority of people will recover.

Now, while they're being treated, many of them will get antibiotics, again because of

that close link to pneumonia.

Until they can fully rule out pneumonia, they kind of do it for a precautionary measure.

But again, once they confirm there's no infective pathogen, the antibiotics aren't going to

do anything.

And so, we're talking mostly supportive therapy.

Some clinicians have noticed that they've had some improvement with their patients with

giving them anti-inflammatory steroids which could help calm down the inflammation.

Many of the - the majority of the patients, I should say, if they're in the hospital are

likely going to get supplemental oxygen - how much that is depends on the severity and then

as the severity increases, we may be knocking on the door of things like ventilation.

But the majority of patients will have a noticeable improvement in their symptoms within about

a two week period.

They may still have some residuals and need a few more weeks after that to feel like they're

fully recovered, but again, over that two to three to four week period, you're probably

looking at "I might feel like myself again".

Now, the long-term effects, we still don't know.

And the last thing we need to talk about - how does vaping compare to regular old cigarette

smoking or smoking tobacco?

There is a general consensus in the medical community that if you had to pick between

the two, smoking is worse than vaping.

Now, granted we have a heck of a lot more data on cigarette smoking and its long-term

effects when we compare it to vaping, we don't have a lot of long-term studies because it's

such a new thing and we're still even trying to figure out the exact mechanism of how vitamin

E acetate and THC gets involved any valley and those symptoms.

But if I gave you guys an example - let's say a clinician had a patient that says "Hey,

I want to quit smoking" and their patient says "Can I try vaping instead?"

now the clinician would probably say "I prefer you to do neither and we can use these other

medications to help manage the nicotine dependence in another way because these medications have

a lot more research on their efficacy and safety".

But if the patient's like "No, I’m not touching medications.

These are your choices for me clinician?

What are you gonna have me do?", the clinician would say "Okay, completely stop smoking and

do vaping".

There's a specific recommendation in the CDC that when patients try to use vaping in place

of smoking to not mix the two because you just have to get the cigarette smoke out of

there and then when we use the vaping, there's this idea that we could eventually get to

smoking cessation and it's a lesser of an evil or lesser damage to the actual lung tissue.

But what about people who have never smoked and don't plan on smoking but want to vape

or are currently vaping?

Well, the recommendation is again, stay away from the vitamin E acetate and the THC.

The perfect world scenario would be - don't inhale any of these foreign substances into

your lung tissue.

There is a huge increase in vaping in the younger population, especially junior high,

high school kids, people in their early 20s and there's a major concern that this could

be a gateway into cigarette smoking.

They do have enough data to show that if you are vaping, you are more likely to try cigarette

smoking which again, we've just talked about, is known to be even more harmful than potentially

just vaping.

So, I apologize to those who vape, who may think I’m being a negative Nancy or the

bearer of bad news, but you know, we only get two of these organs - these amazing lungs

that help us breathe and exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide, so we should probably take

care of them.

But if you must vape, avoid vitamin E acetate.

And it's probably best that you get THC from a qualified medical professional or through

means that are consistent with your local state law.

If you're interested in going into the medical field, you're gonna have to learn a little

bit more than just anatomy and physiology - you'll have to get into other topics like

chemistry, physics and math.

And that's why I want to take the time to say thank you to the sponsor of this video,

Brilliant.

Brilliant is an interactive online learning platform for stem subjects - that is math,

logic, science and computer science.

Brilliant helps you develop both knowledge and problem solving skills through hands-on

lessons, so you'll be able to think creatively, ask the right questions and apply that information

to real world situations, and this is one of the most important things that you can

do as part of your education process.

Brilliant allows you to explore those important topics of chemistry, physics and math so that

you can apply them to medicine and the human body - whether it's understanding the physics

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