Model Komunikasi: Schramm

Summary

The transcript discusses various communication models, focusing on the role of sources, messages, and definitions in the communication process. It explores the development of models like Jennifer's communication model, the SPAM communication framework, and relational communication models. Emphasis is placed on how experiences, relationships, and social contexts influence communication. The discussion also challenges the notion of passive audiences, suggesting that communication involves active participation, where both sender and receiver engage in a dynamic exchange. This overview presents the complexities and evolving nature of communication theory over time.

Takeaways

• 😀 Communication in Indonesia uses various symbols to convey messages and simplify complex ideas.
• 😀 According to Friend, communication has three key elements: source, message, and destination/goal.
• 😀 The source can be an individual, organization, or entity like newspapers or TV stations.
• 😀 Messages can be transmitted through various mediums such as paper, waves in the air, or electricity.
• 😀 The destination of a message is the receiver, such as an individual, group, or audience.
• 😀 The first model of communication, developed by Jennifer, simplifies communication as a process to be organized.
• 😀 The second model, called 'spam communication', emphasizes the role of the sender transmitting information to the receiver, who then interprets it based on experience and feedback.
• 😀 'Field of experience' and 'context' are crucial in understanding the communication process, influencing how messages are perceived and interpreted.
• 😀 The relational model of communication, formulated by Cream in 1973, highlights the effects of communication on the receiver and emphasizes the active role of the audience.
• 😀 The myth of the passive audience is rejected in the relational model, suggesting that communicators and audiences actively influence the communication process.
• 😀 Every individual is both an encoder and decoder in communication, choosing responses based on available options in a given situation.

Q & A

What are the three fundamental components of communication according to Friend's model?

According to Friend's model, the three fundamental components of communication are the source, the message, and the definition/purpose. The source is the sender of the message, the message is the content being communicated, and the definition/purpose refers to the recipient of the message and their role in interpreting it.

How does the Spam Communication Model differ from other communication models?

The Spam Communication Model emphasizes the interaction between the sender and the receiver. It focuses on how the sender sends a message, how the receiver interprets it based on their experiences, and the feedback that helps the sender gauge understanding. This model highlights the importance of the Field of Experience, which influences how messages are understood.

What is the concept of 'Field of Experience' in communication models?

'Field of Experience' refers to the various personal and social contexts that influence how a message is understood. This includes factors such as knowledge, background, and environment, all of which affect the interpretation of a message.

What is the significance of feedback in the Spam Communication Model?

Feedback is crucial in the Spam Communication Model as it allows the sender to know how the message was received and interpreted by the receiver. It helps in adjusting and refining communication to ensure better understanding.

What role does the receiver play in the communication process according to the relational communication model?

In the relational communication model, the receiver is seen as an active participant, not just a passive recipient of messages. The receiver decodes the message, interprets it based on personal experience, and provides feedback to the sender, which influences further communication.

Why is the idea of a passive audience dismissed in the relational communication model?

The relational communication model dismisses the idea of a passive audience because it argues that the audience is actively involved in the communication process. Audiences are seen as selective, interactive, and manipulative, constantly interpreting and reacting to messages.

What does the 'decoder' and 'encoder' concept refer to in the communication process?

In the communication process, both the sender and receiver act as encoders and decoders. The sender encodes a message into a format that can be transmitted, while the receiver decodes it to interpret the message. Both roles are dynamic and can switch depending on the communication context.

How does the concept of 'active audience' affect communication according to the relational model?

The concept of an 'active audience' means that the recipient of the message is not merely receiving information but is actively involved in interpreting, selecting, and responding to the message. This interaction shapes the communication process and makes it more dynamic and responsive.

What are the limitations of the models discussed in the transcript?

The limitations of the models discussed include their inability to account for all the complexities of communication, such as the potential for misinterpretation of messages due to varying personal experiences and social contexts. Additionally, the models may not apply in all communication situations, especially when the message is complex or ambiguous.

What is the role of context in communication models like the Spam and Relational Communication Models?

Context plays a significant role in both the Spam and Relational Communication Models. Social, environmental, and personal factors all influence how messages are interpreted. The models emphasize that communication cannot be fully understood without considering the broader context in which it occurs.