Praktikum 10 Kalor Jenis Logam

Summary

In this physics practical session, students determine the specific heat capacity of metals—aluminum, brass, and iron—using a calorimeter. The procedure involves heating water to a minimum of 80°C, immersing the metals, and recording temperature changes in the calorimeter. By applying the heat exchange formula, students calculate the specific heat capacities of each metal and compare them to theoretical values. This experiment aims to test the accuracy of their calculations and understand the principles behind calorimetry, with a focus on practical applications in thermodynamics.

Takeaways

• 😀 The experiment aims to determine the specific heat capacities of metals: aluminum, brass, and iron.
• 😀 The essential equipment includes a calorimeter, thermometers, balance scale, electric heater, and various metal samples.
• 😀 The procedure involves heating water in a calorimeter to at least 80°C before inserting the metal samples one by one.
• 😀 The metals are carefully submerged into the water, and the temperature changes are measured after stirring.
• 😀 Each metal is tested separately, with careful measurement of mass and temperature at different stages.
• 😀 The goal is to calculate the specific heat capacity (CB) of each metal based on temperature changes and mass.
• 😀 The formula for specific heat capacity is used: Q = mcΔT, where m is mass, c is specific heat, and ΔT is temperature change.
• 😀 Literature values for specific heat capacities are compared with experimental results: aluminum (0.90 J/g°C), brass (0.38 J/g°C), and iron (0.11 J/g°C).
• 😀 The experiment tests whether the calculated specific heat capacities match known values, indicating accuracy.
• 😀 Possible discrepancies in results should be addressed and analyzed, considering potential experimental errors.
• 😀 The final goal is to verify whether the experimental values align with the theoretical or literature values for each metal.

Q & A

What is the main objective of the experiment described in the script?

The main objective of the experiment is to determine the specific heat capacity of three materials: aluminum, brass, and iron.

What equipment is needed for the experiment?

The required equipment includes a balance (timbangan), calorimeter set, thermometer, electric stove, water heater, stirring rod, and the metals to be tested (aluminum, brass, and iron).

What is the role of the calorimeter in this experiment?

The calorimeter is used to measure the temperature change in water when different metals are heated and then introduced into the water. This temperature change is necessary to calculate the specific heat capacity of each material.

Why must the temperature of the water in the calorimeter reach at least 80°C before inserting the metals?

The water must reach at least 80°C to ensure that the metals are heated to a sufficiently high temperature for the experiment. This helps in obtaining measurable temperature changes when the metals are added to the calorimeter.

How is the temperature of the metals measured during the experiment?

The temperature of the metals is measured by checking the temperature of the water in the calorimeter before and after the metal is added. The thermometer in the calorimeter gives the initial and final temperatures, which are needed for calculations.

What is the significance of stirring the water in the calorimeter for 30 seconds?

Stirring the water in the calorimeter for 30 seconds ensures that the heat from the metal is evenly distributed throughout the water. This helps in obtaining an accurate final temperature reading, which is crucial for calculating the specific heat capacity.

How do you calculate the specific heat capacity of each metal?

The specific heat capacity is calculated using the formula: Q = mc(Tf - Ti), where Q is the heat absorbed by the water, m is the mass of the water, c is the specific heat capacity of the material, Tf is the final temperature, and Ti is the initial temperature.

Why is it important to compare the experimental results with known literature values?

Comparing the experimental results with known literature values allows students to verify the accuracy of their measurements and calculations. If there is a discrepancy, they can investigate potential sources of error in the experiment.

What are the known literature values for the specific heat capacities of aluminum, brass, and iron?

The known literature values for the specific heat capacities are: aluminum - 0.900 J/g°C, brass - 0.380 J/g°C, and iron - 0.450 J/g°C.

What potential sources of error could affect the accuracy of the experiment?

Potential sources of error include heat loss to the surroundings, inaccurate temperature readings, or improper handling of the metals during the transfer to the calorimeter. These factors could cause discrepancies in the calculated specific heat capacities.