PROCESOS INTERNOS Y EXTERNOS DE LA TIERRA

Summary

This video discusses internal and external processes of the Earth, focusing on seismic activity and volcanism. It explains how earthquakes and volcanic eruptions reveal the structure and composition of Earth's layers: the core, mantle, and crust. The rigid outer layer, or lithosphere, consists of tectonic plates that move due to the molten rocks beneath them. The interactions between these plates—convergent, divergent, and transform—lead to significant geological formations, such as mountain ranges and oceanic trenches, and are responsible for earthquakes. This informative session aims to enhance understanding of Earth's dynamics in preparation for upcoming activities.

Takeaways

• 🌍 Seismicity and volcanism help identify the Earth's internal structure and composition.
• 📏 Seismic waves travel at different speeds through the Earth's layers: core, mantle, and crust.
• 🌡️ The highest temperatures in the Earth are found in the core, decreasing toward the surface.
• 🧩 The lithosphere is the rigid layer made up of the crust and upper mantle, consisting of tectonic plates.
• 🔄 Tectonic plates move due to the molten rock layer beneath them, called the asthenosphere.
• ⚠️ Convergent plate boundaries cause oceanic crust to subduct under continental crust, forming trenches and mountains.
• 🔗 Divergent plate boundaries allow magma to rise, creating new crust and features like ocean ridges and islands.
• 🔄 Transform boundaries involve plates sliding past each other, generating significant earthquake activity.
• 📊 Understanding these processes is essential for predicting natural disasters and studying Earth's geology.
• 👩‍🏫 The information provided serves as a basis for upcoming activities related to the topic.

Q & A

What are the main geological features identified through seismic and volcanic activity?

Seismic and volcanic activity have helped identify the structure and composition of Earth's internal layers, including the core, mantle, and crust.

How do seismic waves behave as they travel through Earth's layers?

Seismic waves travel at different speeds and in various directions, depending on the thickness, chemical composition, and physical state of the Earth's internal layers.

What is the lithosphere and what does it include?

The lithosphere is the rigid layer that comprises the Earth's crust and the upper portion of the mantle.

What are tectonic plates and how do they interact?

Tectonic plates are large, rigid blocks of the lithosphere that move due to the molten rock beneath them. Their interactions can be convergent, divergent, or transform.

What occurs at convergent plate boundaries?

At convergent boundaries, one oceanic plate can sink beneath a continental plate, leading to the formation of ocean trenches and mountain ranges.

What is a divergent boundary and what geological features does it create?

A divergent boundary occurs when tectonic plates move apart, allowing magma to rise and cool, forming new crust and features like mid-ocean ridges or island chains.

What is the significance of transform boundaries?

Transform boundaries involve plates sliding past each other horizontally, which primarily generates earthquakes.

How does temperature vary within Earth's layers?

Temperature is highest in the core and decreases as you move towards the surface layers of the Earth.

What is the role of magma in tectonic processes?

Magma plays a crucial role in the formation of new crust at divergent boundaries and contributes to volcanic activity.

What are some examples of features formed by tectonic plate interactions?

Features formed include ocean trenches, mountain ranges, mid-ocean ridges, and volcanic islands.