DEGREE OF COMPARISON - MATERI BAHASA INGGRIS KELAS 8

Wika Agustina

25 Jan 202309:53

Summary

TLDRThe video script provided by Wika introduces the concept of the degree of comparison in English grammar. It explains the three forms: positive, comparative, and superlative degrees. The positive degree is used to state equality, as illustrated with John and Tony's equal height of 170 cm. The comparative degree, used for comparing two entities, is often followed by the word 'and' and functions as a comparison to someone or something. For adjectives ending in 'y', the letter is dropped, and 'ier' is added, while for those with one or two syllables, 'er' is appended. The superlative degree is employed when comparing three or more items within a sentence, selecting the most outstanding one. For single-syllable adjectives, 'est' is added, and for longer adjectives, 'the most' is prefixed. Irregular adjectives have unique rules for forming the comparative and superlative degrees. The script is educational, providing clear examples and making complex grammar concepts accessible.

Takeaways

📚 The concept of 'degree of comparison' is used to compare things and is divided into three types: positive, comparative, and superlative degree.
🔍 Positive degree is used to state that two things are equal in some aspect, often marked with the word 'as' (e.g., 'as tall as').
📈 Comparative degree is used to compare two things and show a difference, typically followed by the word 'than' (e.g., 'taller than').
🏆 Superlative degree is used to compare three or more things and identify the most outstanding one (e.g., 'the tallest').
✍️ For adjectives with one or two syllables, the comparative form is often made by adding '-er' to the end (e.g., 'clever' becomes 'cleverer').
🚫 If an adjective ends with 'y', the 'y' is replaced with 'i' before adding '-er' or '-est' (e.g., 'happy' becomes 'happier').
📉 For adjectives with more than two syllables, 'more' is placed before the adjective for the comparative form (e.g., 'more interesting').
🔑 The superlative form for adjectives with one syllable or two is made by adding 'the-est' (e.g., 'smartest') or 'the most-' for adjectives with three or more syllables (e.g., 'the most beautiful').
🤔 Irregular adjectives, which do not follow the standard '-er' and '-est' rule, have their own unique forms for comparative and superlative degrees (e.g., 'good' becomes 'better' and 'best').
📊 Comparative degree can be used to compare two items on a particular characteristic, such as height or price (e.g., 'the blue t-shirt is more expensive than the pencil case').
🏷️ Superlative degree is used when you want to single out one item as the most extreme among three or more, often in the same category (e.g., 'the tiger is the most dangerous of them all').

Q & A

What is the topic of the lesson presented by Wika?
-The topic of the lesson is about the degree of comparison in English grammar.
What are the three types of degrees of comparison mentioned in the script?
-The three types of degrees of comparison mentioned are positive degree, comparative degree, and superlative degree.
How is the positive degree used in a sentence?
-The positive degree is used when stating that two things or people have the same quality, often marked with the word 'as'.
What is the function of the word 'and' in comparative sentences?
-In comparative sentences, 'and' is used to connect the subject with the object of comparison.
How do you form the comparative degree for adjectives ending with 'y'?
-For adjectives ending with 'y', the 'y' is replaced with 'i' and 'er' is added to form the comparative degree.
Can you provide an example of a sentence using the comparative degree?
-An example of a sentence using the comparative degree is 'Dolphins are cleverer than pandas.'
What is the role of the word 'more' in forming the comparative degree?
-The word 'more' is used before an adjective with two or more syllables to form the comparative degree.
How do you identify a superlative degree sentence?
-A superlative degree sentence is identified by the use of the definite article 'the' followed by the adjective with 'est' or 'most' added to it.
What is the difference between regular and irregular adjectives in terms of forming comparative and superlative degrees?
-Regular adjectives follow a specific pattern by adding 'er' for comparative and 'est' for superlative. Irregular adjectives, however, have their own unique forms for comparative and superlative degrees that do not follow the standard pattern.
How is the superlative degree used in a sentence?
-The superlative degree is used to compare three or more items within a sentence and identify the one that stands out the most, often marked with 'the most' or 'the least' before the adjective.
What is the significance of using the definite article 'the' in superlative sentences?
-The definite article 'the' is used in superlative sentences to specify the particular person, place, thing, or idea that is being singled out as the highest or lowest in the comparison.
Can you give an example of an irregular adjective and its comparative and superlative forms?
-An example of an irregular adjective is 'good'. Its comparative form is 'better' and its superlative form is 'best'.

Outlines

00:00

😀 Introduction to Degrees of Comparison

The first paragraph introduces the concept of degrees of comparison in English grammar. Wika explains that there are three degrees: positive, comparative, and superlative. The positive degree is used to state that two things are equal, as demonstrated by comparing the heights of John and Tony, both being 170 cm tall. The comparative degree is used to compare two things that are different, often followed by the word 'and'. For adjectives with one or two syllables that do not end in 'y', an '-er' suffix is added to form the comparative degree. If the adjective ends in 'y', the 'y' is replaced with an 'i' before adding '-er'. The paragraph also covers the use of 'more' before an adjective to form the comparative degree for adjectives with two or more syllables.

05:03

📚 Comparative and Superlative Degrees

The second paragraph delves into the use of the comparative and superlative degrees. For the comparative degree, the paragraph discusses how to form sentences comparing two items, such as the price of a blue t-shirt being more expensive than a pencil case. The superlative degree is used to compare three or more items within a sentence, selecting the one that stands out the most. The paragraph provides examples of how to modify adjectives with one or two syllables by adding 'the' before the adjective and '-est' at the end to form the superlative degree. For adjectives with more than two syllables, 'the most' is added after 'the'. The paragraph concludes with an example sentence using the superlative degree, stating that a student wearing glasses is the smartest in the class, and a note on irregular adjectives that do not follow the standard '-er' and '-est' suffixes.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Degree of Comparison

Degree of Comparison refers to the way in which the quality of one object or person is compared to another in terms of more, less, or the same. In the video, it is the central theme, explaining how to express the varying levels of a characteristic among different entities. It is divided into three categories: positive, comparative, and superlative degrees.

💡Positive Degree

The Positive Degree is used to state a fact about a quality without comparison. It is fundamental in the video's discussion on degrees of comparison. For instance, when stating that John and Tony are both 170 cm tall, the positive degree is used to express their equal height without comparing them to anyone else.

💡Comparative Degree

The Comparative Degree is employed to compare two entities. It is a key aspect of the video's educational content, as it shows how to express that one thing has more of a quality than another. For example, the video uses 'cleverer' to compare the intelligence of two individuals, indicating that one is more intelligent than the other.

💡Superlative Degree

The Superlative Degree is used when comparing three or more entities and identifying the one with the most or least of a certain quality. It is a crucial part of the video's lesson on comparison, as it helps express the extreme level of a characteristic. An example from the script is 'the most dangerous,' which is used to describe the tiger as more dangerous than the other animals mentioned.

💡Irregular Adjectives

Irregular Adjectives are those that do not follow the standard rules for forming comparative and superlative degrees. They are an important part of the video's content on degrees of comparison because they require special attention and memorization. The video mentions that irregular adjectives have their own unique forms when changing to comparative or superlative, such as 'good' becoming 'better' and 'best'.

💡Adjectives Ending in 'y'

Adjectives ending in 'y' represent a specific rule within the comparative and superlative formation. When an adjective ends with 'y', the 'y' is typically changed to 'i' before adding '-er' or '-est'. This rule is demonstrated in the video with examples such as 'happy' changing to 'happier' for the comparative degree.

💡

💡Articles with Superlative Degree

Articles are used in conjunction with the superlative degree to indicate that the quality is being attributed to the most extreme instance among a group. In the video, 'the' is used before superlative adjectives like 'smartest' and 'most dangerous' to denote that the subject being described has the highest degree of the quality within a set.

💡Comparative with 'more'

The use of 'more' before an adjective is a common way to form the comparative degree, especially for longer adjectives or those with two or more syllables. The video explains that 'more' is added to the base adjective to compare two things, as seen in examples like 'more interesting' when comparing the level of interest between two activities.

💡Adjectives with Two or More Syllables

Adjectives with two or more syllables often take 'more' before them to form the comparative degree. This is a rule highlighted in the video, emphasizing how to correctly compare two items or qualities. For example, 'more expensive' is used in the script to compare the higher cost of a blue t-shirt versus a pencil case.

💡Characteristics

Characteristics are the distinctive features or qualities of a person or thing. In the context of the video, characteristics are the attributes being compared, such as height, intelligence, or danger level. The video uses the comparison of characteristics to illustrate the use of different degrees of comparison.

💡Illustrations

Illustrations are visual representations used to clarify or support the information presented in the video. They play a significant role in helping the audience understand the concept of degrees of comparison by providing visual cues that correspond to the verbal explanations. For instance, the video uses illustrations of students with different heights and animals with distinct characteristics to demonstrate the comparative and superlative degrees.

Highlights

The lesson is about the degree of comparison in English grammar.

Three students with different heights are used to illustrate the concept.

Degree of comparison is divided into positive, comparative, and superlative degrees.

Positive degree is used to state things with equal comparison, often marked with the word 'as'.

Comparative degree is used to compare two people or objects that appear different.

For adjectives ending in 'y', 'ier' is added after removing 'y' to form the comparative degree.

Adjectives with one or two syllables typically add 'er' to form the comparative degree.

Adjectives with more than two syllables use 'more' before the adjective to form the comparative degree.

Superlative degree is used to compare three or more items in a sentence.

Adjectives with one or two syllables add 'est' after the definite article 'the' for the superlative degree.

Adjectives with three or more syllables use 'the most' followed by the adjective for the superlative degree.

Irregular adjectives have unique rules for changing to comparative and superlative forms.

The video provides examples of sentences using positive, comparative, and superlative degrees.

John and Tony are used as examples to demonstrate the use of positive degree in sentences.

Anton is described as funnier than Aldi using the comparative degree.

The blue t-shirt and pencil case are compared using the comparative degree to show difference in price.

The student with glasses is identified as the smartest among all in the class using the superlative degree.

The tiger is described as the most dangerous of the three animals using the superlative degree.

The video concludes with a reminder that irregular adjectives follow specific rules for degrees of comparison.