Parts of Speech(Verb, Noun and Pronoun)

Summary

This educational video script introduces the concept of parts of speech, focusing on verbs, nouns, and pronouns. It emphasizes the importance of verbs as essential sentence components that convey action or state and carry tense. Nouns are defined as naming words for people, places, things, etc., and are categorized into countable and uncountable types. Pronouns are words that replace nouns to avoid repetition, with examples of subject and object pronouns provided. The script encourages students to practice identifying these parts of speech in sentences to enhance their understanding of English grammar.

Takeaways

• 📚 Parts of Speech are fundamental components of language, categorized into eight main types: nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, articles, and conjunctions.
• 🔍 Verbs are the most significant part of a sentence, with every sentence requiring at least one verb to be considered grammatically correct.
• ⏳ Verbs carry tense, which indicates the time of the action or state, and can be categorized into auxiliary (helping) verbs and main action verbs.
• 🏀 Action verbs describe physical actions, while state verbs indicate a condition or state of being; both are essential for sentence formation.
• 📉 Nouns are naming words that can refer to people, places, things, animals, feelings, and ideas, and are divided into countable and uncountable nouns.
• 🔑 Pronouns replace nouns in sentences to avoid repetition and maintain clarity, including subject pronouns (I, he, she, it, we, they) and object pronouns (me, him, her, us, them).
• 📌 Auxiliary verbs assist main verbs by providing information about tense, mood, or voice, and examples include 'am', 'is', 'are', 'was', and 'were'.
• 📝 The importance of understanding parts of speech is emphasized for improving English language proficiency, as it affects communication and academic performance.
• 📑 Sentences are composed of words that belong to different parts of speech categories, each serving a specific function within the sentence structure.
• 🔄 The script provides examples and exercises to help learners identify verbs, nouns, and pronouns in various sentences, reinforcing the concepts taught.
• 📈 The script suggests that a deeper understanding of parts of speech will lead to better performance in the English language, highlighting the significance of verbs, nouns, and pronouns in sentence construction.

Q & A

What are the main components of language discussed in the class?

The main components of language discussed in the class are sounds, words, and sentences. Sounds are combined with role restrictions to make words, and words are combined with certain principles to form sentences.

What is a part of speech and why are they important in language?

A part of speech is a category of words that have similar grammatical properties, functions, or meanings. They are important because different units of a sentence are categorized as parts of speech, which helps in understanding the structure and function of sentences in language.

How many parts of speech are there in English, and what are some examples?

There are eight parts of speech in English. Some examples include nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, articles, and conjunctions.

What is the significance of verbs in a sentence?

Verbs are significant in a sentence because they are action words or words that indicate a state. Every sentence must have a verb, and verbs are the only words that carry tenses, indicating the time of the action or state.

Can you give an example of a sentence that demonstrates the importance of a verb?

An example of a sentence demonstrating the importance of a verb is 'Riyad plays cricket three times a week.' Here, 'plays' is the verb that indicates the action of playing cricket and carries the present tense.

What are auxiliary verbs, and how do they function in a sentence?

Auxiliary verbs, also known as helping verbs, assist the main verb in expressing tense, mood, or voice. They can also function independently to indicate a state or situation, as seen in the sentence 'I am a teacher,' where 'am' is an auxiliary verb indicating the present tense.

How do transitive and intransitive verbs differ, and can you provide an example for each?

Transitive verbs require an object to complete their meaning, while intransitive verbs do not. For example, 'play' is a transitive verb in the sentence 'He plays cricket,' where 'cricket' is the object. An intransitive verb example is 'dance,' as in 'She danced,' which does not require an object.

What is a noun, and how does it function in a sentence?

A noun is a naming word that represents a person, place, thing, animal, feeling, or idea. In a sentence, nouns can function as subjects, objects, or complements, providing information about the entities involved in the action or state described by the verb.

Can you explain the difference between countable and uncountable nouns with examples?

Countable nouns are nouns that can be counted and have both singular and plural forms, such as 'cat' and 'cats.' Uncountable nouns, on the other hand, usually represent abstract concepts or materials that cannot be counted, such as 'water' or 'happiness.'

What is a pronoun, and why are they used in sentences?

A pronoun is a word that replaces a noun in a sentence to avoid repetition and improve the flow of speech or writing. Pronouns are used to refer back to nouns without repeating them, making sentences more concise and clear.

Can you provide an example of a sentence that uses pronouns to replace nouns?

An example of a sentence using pronouns is 'Rahul went to Kerala with his mother, and he really enjoyed spending time with her.' Here, 'he' replaces 'Rahul' and 'her' replaces 'his mother' to avoid repetition.

Outlines

00:00

📘 Introduction to Parts of Speech

This paragraph introduces the concept of parts of speech, emphasizing their importance in language structure. It explains that parts of speech are different units of a sentence, categorized based on their function and role. The paragraph highlights eight main parts of speech: nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, articles, and conjunctions. It also underscores the significance of verbs as a critical component of any sentence and sets the stage for a deeper exploration of verbs, nouns, and pronouns in subsequent discussions.

05:05

🏀 Verbs: Action and State Indicators

The second paragraph delves into the specifics of verbs, which are described as essential for sentence formation. Verbs are categorized as action words or indicators of state, with the paragraph providing examples to illustrate their use. It is emphasized that every sentence must contain a verb, and verbs are the carriers of tense, which is a key aspect of their function. The paragraph also introduces auxiliary verbs, which are vital for marking tense and can also appear with main verbs to form complex verb phrases.

10:05

📚 Understanding Verbs and Auxiliary Verbs

This paragraph continues the discussion on verbs, focusing on their dual role in indicating action or state and carrying tense. It provides a list of auxiliary verbs and explains their function as helping verbs. The paragraph also touches on the distinction between transitive and intransitive verbs, giving 'play' as an example of a transitive verb. The importance of verbs in sentence construction is reiterated, with an invitation for learners to practice identifying verbs in various sentences.

15:07

🔍 Identifying Verbs in Sentences

The fourth paragraph provides practical exercises for identifying verbs within given sentences. It explains the concept of a sentence having only one verb that works according to the subject, and clarifies that other verb-like elements are actually verbal nouns. The paragraph reinforces the importance of verbs in maintaining grammatical correctness and encourages learners to practice identifying verbs to enhance their understanding of English sentence structure.

20:12

📖 Nouns: The Naming Words

This paragraph introduces nouns as naming words that can refer to people, places, things, animals, feelings, ideas, and more. It distinguishes between countable and uncountable nouns, further categorizing them into proper nouns, class nouns, collective nouns, abstract nouns, and material nouns. The paragraph provides examples of nouns in sentences and explains the functional features that help in identifying nouns, such as the ability to be pluralized and the presence of articles or prepositions preceding them.

25:15

👉 Pronouns: The Noun Replacers

The sixth paragraph discusses pronouns as words that replace nouns in sentences to avoid repetition and improve clarity. It differentiates between subject pronouns and object pronouns, providing examples of each. The paragraph illustrates the use of pronouns with rewritten sentences, demonstrating how they can make sentences sound more natural. It also invites learners to practice identifying pronouns in various sentences to solidify their understanding of this part of speech.

30:17

🧩 Wrapping Up: Nouns, Pronouns, and Verbs

The final paragraph summarizes the key points covered in the class, focusing on the importance of verbs, nouns, and pronouns in sentence construction. It emphasizes the significance of verbs as the most crucial part of a sentence and encourages learners to practice identifying these parts of speech in sentences. The paragraph concludes by highlighting the value of understanding these categories for effective English communication.

Keywords

💡Parts of Speech

Parts of speech are the different types of words that play distinct roles in sentence structure. In the video, they are the central theme, as the script discusses their definitions and functions within language. For instance, nouns, verbs, and pronouns are highlighted as parts of speech, each serving a specific purpose in constructing sentences.

💡Verbs

Verbs are action words that express what the subject of a sentence does or states of being. The script emphasizes their importance as essential components of a sentence, carrying tense and indicating actions or states. For example, 'plays' in 'Riyad plays cricket three times a week' shows an action, while 'am' in 'I am a teacher' indicates a state of being.

💡Nouns

Nouns are naming words that represent people, places, things, or concepts. The script explains that nouns are categorized as countable or uncountable, with further divisions into proper, class, collective, abstract, and material nouns. Nouns are integral to sentences, as seen in the example 'Arjun went to Greece for vacation with his family last year,' where 'Arjun,' 'Greece,' 'vacation,' 'family,' and 'year' are all nouns.

💡Pronouns

Pronouns are words that replace nouns in sentences to avoid repetition and add clarity. The script discusses subject pronouns (like 'he' and 'she') and object pronouns (like 'him' and 'her'), which stand in for nouns and help make sentences more concise. For example, 'they' in 'They fought like cats and dogs' refers to some people, thus functioning as a pronoun.

💡Tense

Tense is a grammatical feature that indicates the time of an action or state. The script explains that verbs carry tense, which can be past, present, or future. Tense is crucial for understanding when an action occurs, as seen in the script's examples 'Riyad plays cricket' (present tense) and 'I took a beautiful photo' (past tense).

💡Auxiliary Verbs

Auxiliary verbs, also known as helping verbs, assist the main verb in expressing tense, mood, or voice. The script provides examples such as 'am' in 'I am a teacher,' which indicates present tense, and other auxiliary verbs like 'can,' 'will,' and 'should,' which are used to form various tenses and moods.

💡Transitive and Intransitive Verbs

Transitive and intransitive verbs are distinguished by whether they require an object to complete their meaning. Transitive verbs, like 'play' in 'Riyad plays cricket,' take an object, while intransitive verbs, such as 'dance' in 'She danced so well,' do not. The script touches on this distinction to illustrate different types of action verbs.

💡Countable and Uncountable Nouns

Countable nouns are those that can be numbered or counted, whereas uncountable nouns cannot be easily counted and often represent abstract concepts or materials. The script uses 'cats' and 'dogs' as examples of countable nouns and 'water' and 'goodness' as uncountable nouns, highlighting their different uses in sentences.

💡Articles

Articles are words that precede nouns, indicating whether the noun is specific or general. The script mentions 'the' and 'a/an' as articles, which are used before nouns to provide context. For example, 'the' in 'the book' specifies a particular book, while 'a' in 'a cat' refers to any cat.

💡Prepositions

Prepositions are words that show the relationship between a noun or pronoun and other words in a sentence, often indicating location, time, or direction. The script briefly introduces prepositions like 'on' and 'with,' which are used to connect nouns to other elements in a sentence, as in 'keep the pen on the book' or 'Rahul went to Kerala with his mother.'

💡Sentence Structure

Sentence structure refers to the arrangement of parts of speech in a sentence to convey a complete thought. The script discusses the necessity of a verb in every sentence and how nouns, verbs, and pronouns interact to form grammatically correct and meaningful sentences, such as 'I love you' or 'The dogs like to go for a walk.'

Highlights

Introduction to parts of speech and their function in language.

Explanation of the fundamental components of language, starting with sound and forming words and sentences.

Definition and importance of parts of speech as different units of a sentence.

Enumeration of the eight parts of speech in English.

Emphasis on the significance of verbs as a key component of a sentence.

Description of verbs as action words and indicators of state.

Requirement of a verb in every sentence for it to be grammatically correct.

Verbs as carriers of tenses in a sentence.

Examples of sentences to illustrate the role of verbs.

Introduction to auxiliary verbs and their role in indicating tense.

Explanation of transitive and intransitive verbs.

Identification of verbs in various sentences as an exercise for the audience.

Clarification on the singular and plural forms of verbs in sentences.

Introduction to nouns as naming words for people, places, things, etc.

Classification of nouns into countable and uncountable nouns.

Identification of functional features of nouns, such as the ability to be pluralized.

Introduction to pronouns as words that replace nouns in a sentence.

Explanation of subject and object pronouns and their use in sentences.

Practical exercise to identify pronouns in given sentences.

The importance of understanding parts of speech for improving English language proficiency.

Transcripts

Welcome to the class.

In this class, we are going to look at parts of speech.

We will talk about what they are and how they function in language.

We are going to look at some details of it in this class for today.

The first question that comes to mind, what is a part of speech.

As you can see, the title says parts of speech.

So, just by looking at the name, you can assume or you can conclude that they are going to

be several items.

Parts, it is a plural word, they are going to be several items.

So, what is a part of speech?

In order to answer this question, we need to know the components of language.

As we know, the most fundamental component to language is sound, we combined sounds together

with some role restrictions to make a word.

Words combined together with certain principles to make a sentence.

Different units of a sentence is what we know as parts of speech, some of them are quite

visible and it is the name given to a word based on how and what it does, what it performs

in a sentence.

There are several of them, as I mentioned to you, to be precise, there are eight of

them.

So, broadly speaking, when we look at a sentence in English, we can categorize different parts

in eight categories.

Therefore, we say there are eight parts of speech.

What are they, look at the names.

They are nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, articles, conjunction,

and so on.

So, this is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8.

Today, we will talk about few of them.

We are going to talk about verbs.

We are going to talk about nouns, we are going to talk about pronouns and then we are going

to talk about verbs.

We will come back to the rest of them, shortly.

We need to know, we are going to look at a sentence in great detail but we need to know

verb is one of the most significant component in a sentence.

So, we are going to start discussing verbs then we talk about nouns, and then we will

talk about pronouns for today.

But one more time, I want you to know that these eight terms, you should know very well.

These eight terms will help you learn English languages very well.

They are going to appear several times in the course.

And the more you know about them, the better you know about them with clarity, the better

you perform in this language.

Please keep in mind, this is the language that determines your success.

This is the language, which examines your performance.

It is the language of professors.

English is not just a language, it is a parameter, which examines you in many ways.

So, to learn it, to develop your confidence, please look at it carefully.

We are going to look at verbs.

What is a verb?

As you can see, in short, we know it as action word.

So, when we are talking about verbs, now we are going to talk about how it works in a

sentence.

So, we are going to show you examples of sentences and then several other things about sentences

we are going to discuss shortly.

But look at this, it is a word that talks about actions, sometimes it may not have any

action, but we will talk about that as well.

So, action words, and also the word that indicates the state, these words are called verbs.

As we have seen, one of the most important element of a sentence.

How is it important?

You are going to see its importance in the sense that every sentence must have a verb.

So, one of the things that we learned today about the sentence is, there is no sentence

without a verb.

If you see no verbs, that means that is not a sentence.

That may be sequence of words, that may be a phrase, that may be something else, but

not a sentence.

So, one thing that we learned today, to begin with about the sentence is every sentence

must have a verb.

And the second thing that we know about them is only verbs carry tenses, you may have heard

about tense, like, we have past tense, present tense, future tense, the elements that indicate

time.

So, those elements appear only on the verb.

And as we said a word that shows action or a state.

So, let us look at an example to understand that.

So, when we say take this example, Riyad plays cricket three times a week, this is a sentence.

In this sentence, we are going to help you identify verb, which indicates physical accent,

which is underlined here.

What activity does it describe?

It talks about playing.

So, it comes into this category of action word.

So, then, it comes with this, this thing as well, which indicates, which tense and a lot

of other things that we need to know about it, but this is the verb.

So, the tense rule, as since we have mentioned about tenses present, past and future, the

rule is, we are going to have something like this in a sentence then we have a verb and

this is the verb that will have tense on it.

So, to repeat, in this sentence, you have play as the verb, it carries the sentence

this sentence has present tense on it, you get to know about that information only from

the verb.

And this is a good sentence that is a well-formed sentence.

grammatical sentence, because it has a verb in it.

Let us look at another sentence.

Here, the sentence is, I am a teacher.

Now, look at this sentence, this sentence does not have a word like play, then what

is a verb in the sentence.

This sentence has am, look at this underlined thing and this word indicates state or situation.

In general, grammatical descriptions, these terms are called auxiliary verbs.

So, look at this am, most importantly, these are also markers of tense.

So, am here is indicating present tense in the sentence.

So, the rule is, I am, you will see he, she, it, it will have something else, they, so

all these three, because they are singular, they have some other markers, and they because

this is plural, they have got some other markers, I has a specialist status in a sentence in

the language therefore it has a special marker in present tense.

So, basically, from this discussion, we learn about two, three facts.

We need to understand what is a verb, it is one of the important parts of speech, it is

an important thing in language, it is a word which shows two things, one state of being,

or the action.

In the first sentence, you see, action.

In the second sentence, you see, state of me.

It is a word, which carries tense also.

So, in the first sentence, also, you see it carries present tense.

In the second sentence, also, you see, it is a marker of tense.

The other thing that we learn about it is every sentence must have a verb.

So, you can understand the significance of a verb in a sentence.

Moving forward, we have several auxiliary verbs, like I said, some of these elements

are called auxiliary verbs, and they are also called helping verbs.

And here, we give you a list of them, for the time being, you take a look at it, we

will take you through the classification of these things, we will also tell you, where

they are used, how we use, and how these things work.

So, you can see here we have some examples of verb be, so we have am, are, is, they are

all about present tense.

And was, were these past examples.

Then we have can, could, do, have, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would, these are

all different types of auxiliaries, that is auxiliary verbs in English.

And, when it comes to action verb, we have a lot of them.

There is no dearth of action verbs in any language, and also in English.

So, but auxiliary verbs are counted in numbers, we are not giving you an exhaustive list of

all auxiliary verbs here, but this list has lots of them.

So, when we look at this distinction, the words that indicate action, they are far too

many in number, in any language.

And only with the action verbs, we will see later, like a verb, like play.

We see action verbs are also of two types.

That is, according to the nature of those action verbs, we see some of them are transitive,

and some of them are intransitive.

We will play is an example of transitive verb, we will look at this distinction, these details

about this type of action verb little later.

So, we are trying to tell you a lot of things about this word, which appears in a verb as

a word in a sentence, and is an important part of his speech, is an important constituent

of a sentence when we speak.

A sentence is a basic unit of conversation.

As we discussed in the beginning, a sentence is made of words.

There are a lot of other things that come in together to make a sentence, but what we

overtly see a sentence or words.

And those words, when they appear in a sentence, they belong to different class, different

category, and they have different functions.

So, according to all of them, they are divided into eight categories, what we know as parts

of speech.

So, let us look at some of the examples for practice.

And you can do this practice on your own as well with the help of other sentences to check

whether you identify parts of speech or not, you can take this sentence and try finding

all parts of the speech, all part of the sentence must belong to one or the other part of the

speech, but, since we have discussed only verbs as of now, we are going to find what

are the verbs in these sentences.

So, therefore, we are going to ask you to find them.

We are going to help you with this, this one, this list and then you can take some more

examples of these types, take a sentence from any source and try finding verbs in that.

So, they fought like cats and dogs.

So, fought, this is an example of a verb.

Please keep the pen on the book, keep is the verb.

Philosophy is an interesting subject.

Now, fought in the past tense marker of fight, it is an action verb, keep is an action verb,

but philosophy is an interesting subject here you have only auxiliary verb, which indicates

a state.

I took a beautiful photo of the sun lights, so took is the verb.

I love you, love is the verb.

She danced so well, dance is the verb.

It is a beautiful dance.

Now, we are talking about a state.

So, is the verb.

Go!

Now, look at this, seems like the sentence, this has only one word.

And this is a sentence.

And what does this sentence have, a verb.

It has eight legs, has is a verb.

Can you get a glass of water?

Can is an auxiliary verb, it is a question sentence and get is the verb.

You must get them, must is an auxiliary verb and get is the verb.

So, in the last two sentences you see the reason why can and must are called auxiliary

words, because they can appear independently to indicate a state but they also appear in

the presence of the main verb.

And therefore, when they are assisting or they are in the presence of a main verb, they

are called auxiliary verbs.

So, when they have a main verb, the function of an auxiliary verb is something else.

So, this is the example of it.

Take more sentences like these for yourself and identify verbs in them for you to be certain

about what is a verb.

All these underlined words in these, what are they, remember the two types, action word

or word that indicates state.

All these underlined words in these several sentences indicate either one of the two,

therefore, these are verbs.

Here are some more exercises and these are the things that we are asking you to do.

So, what are you going to do with this.

So, take the sentence and make the, it gives you some options, so pick the right option,

that makes the sentence grammatical.

My uncle making dinner, is making dinner or are making dinner, because here is my uncle,

which is singular.

So, we take singular verb making dinner.

Now, in this one, what is a verb, this is an auxiliary verb, and making is the main

verb.

Your friends, friends, because it is plural are nice here, only one verb.

The teacher reads every day to children.

So, teacher singular, so singular verb and the action verb.

The dogs like to go for a walk, here dogs, plural, therefore, like.

Now, here, like I said, we will discuss a lot of other things about a sentence later.

But here is a time for me to show you how a sentence will have only one verb.

Look at the sentence, you feel like the sentence has several verbs.

So, the dogs like to go for a walk, seems like walk is a verb, go is a verb, and like

is a verb, but the rules, rule still holds, it has only one verb.

So, when we say a sentence has only one verb, what we mean is, it works according to the

subject of the sentence.

And only one element in the sentence is going to work that way, and that is the verb.

Rest of them if they look like a verb, that means they are verbal nouns.

So, because dogs and like, because of its plurality, you have the verb like here, so

only like is the verb in the sentence.

To go for a walk, this is a different kind of construction, likes to go for what, for

a walk.

So, like to go is a verbal noun, it is really a noun, but it is made out of a word.

Therefore, it is called a verbal noun, we will have a discussion about this later, but

I take this opportunity to underline and indicate it for you that a sentence will have only

one verb in it.

They are swimming in the river.

So, they plural, so are this is an auxiliary verb and swimming is verb, are as an auxiliary

verb indicates tense.

You are making a lot of noise.

So, are auxiliary verb, making main verb, a lot of noise.

Remember, you, even though we refer to one person, you is a pronoun, we are going to

discuss about pronoun shortly, which is known as second person pronoun and grammatical agreement,

it always takes plural form.

So, we never say you is making noise, we always have to say you are making a lot of noise.

She sings well, very well.

So, because this is she is singular, so sings very well.

The, so, now you need to pick, so the sentence is plays, so this is singular, in the park.

So, what is singular child or children, children is plural, child is similar.

So, the child plays in the park.

If we say children, then we have to say play in the park.

The here is an example.

So, here the children play in the park.

They have a bottle, because they is plural.

So, here we get plural.

You saw how I looked at these aspects of verbs and how we decide which verb makes the sentence

grammatical based on the singularity and plurality of verb.

So, we also need singular and plural information for making sentence grammatical, but this

is the part we discuss somewhere else, right now, we only asked you to focus on types of

verbs.

So, look at which sentence has which type of verb, some sentence has only the main verb,

some sentences have only auxiliary verbs, and some sentences have both, where you have

an auxiliary verb, and you have a main verb.

So, identify them, and see what makes the sentence grammatical, this will be helpful,

this will be fun.

And also, this is one of the most important part of being grammatical while speaking while

writing English language.

So, it is going to stay forever with you.

And it is going to make your language look better.

Now, we come to another part, another thing, another type of speech, which is known as

nouns.

So, what is it that we call a noun?

Very simple definition of this element is it is a naming word, that name given to anything

like people, places, things, animals, feelings, ideas, and you can add more to list but it

must be the name of something.

So, when we look at an example, look at this sentence, Arjun went to Greece for vacation

with his family last year.

So, all the underlined words in the sentence are nouns.

So, Arjun is the name of the person, went, remember, we just discussed this is a verb,

to Greece, Greece is the name of a country, so a noun, vacation is the name of the thing

that they were doing, with his family last year.

So, all these underlined words are nouns, they are names of something.

So, we are describing them here.

So, and when we look at the details of it, they can be either countable nouns or uncountable

nouns.

So, look at them.

What are they, is Arjun a countable noun, is Greece a countable noun, is vacation a

countable noun, is family countable noun, is year countable noun, or are they uncountable

nouns, so you can categorize them in two parts.

Now, since we are looking at only noun, so, we add one more piece of information for you

here.

Countable nouns are proper nouns, class of nouns or collective nouns.

So, only one object is proper noun like John, Patna, Sunday, India, these are called proper

nouns.

Class, what is a class of noun, so, when some word refers to the whole class, like when

we say cat, is not a proper noun, cat is a word is the name for the entire class of different

types of cats, tiger, house, hill, and so on.

There are so many words which are called Class nouns.

Collective nouns, part of a noun, whole class of an object as a group, cabinet.

So, the words like cabinet, police, jury, government, corporation, these are the nouns

that are called collective nouns.

And uncountable nouns are always abstract nouns or material nouns where it is not possible

to count them as the name suggests.

So, things like ability, gravity, goodness, hardship, these are abstract nouns.

And material loan refers to concrete objects like gold, water, rice, wheat, etcetera.

So, look, gold and gravity, both are uncountable nouns, but there is a difference between the

two.

One is abstract noun and the other is material noun.

And this category helps you understand the class of nouns and noun as a part of speech.

So, noun is a word in a sentence, but it can have different categories.

Please have a look at it.

Now, in the following examples, we are asking you to find nouns.

So, remember, we are taking some of these sentences, they fought like cats and dogs.

So, what are the nouns here?

Even if you know nothing, only based on what we have described here, so far, cat is the

word, dog is a name.

Please keep the pen on the book, pen is the name and the book.

Philosophy is a name, is an interesting subject.

Subject is also name.

I took a beautiful photo of the sunrise, these are the names.

So, look at the underlined words they are all nouns.

Now, couple of things additional about nouns, you just looked at types of nouns here proper

nouns, class nouns, collective nouns, abstract nouns and material nouns.

Where the broader classes are countable nouns or uncountable.

These are the different classifications of nouns.

I want to give you some functional understanding about nouns, which will help you identify

them.

So, we already know nouns are names, and they could be names of anything, but there are

certain classifying, certain identifying functional features of a noun that will help you identify

them immediately and they'll catch your attention.

There are other categories in a sentence we will get to learn about them, one after the

other, but look at this.

Only nouns can be made plurals.

So, when we say cat, and cats, dog and dogs, pen can be plural pens, books, subjects, so

this is one of the categories, one of the functional features of nouns.

Look at here on the book.

This is one class of word.

This is one class of word.

Though we have not discussed that so far and we are going to discuss them.

I can tell you, this is an article and this is a preposition, we are going to talk about

them and we will connect these discussions at that time as well.

So, a preposition can precede only a noun, an article can come in front of only nouns.

So, if you see an article in a sentence, the following word must be a noun.

So, these are some of the identifying features, functional features of nouns.

Now, we are going to talk about pronouns.

What are pronouns?

Very simple, it is another class of words in our speech, this is another type of parts

of speech.

And it is a word that replaces and noun, in other words, it is a word that comes in position

of a noun.

So, we can say, when we look at this sentence, Rahul went to Kerala with Rahul’s mother.

Rahul really enjoyed spending time with Rahul’s mother.

Look at the sentence.

When you read the sentence, it sounds a little odd.

So, what happens in this sentence is if you rewrite them using pronouns, then it sounds

better.

And then you are going to see the relevance of pronouns which is, so let us rewrite this

word using pronouns.

So, you will get to see.

So, when you read the sentence, Rahul went to Kerala with Rahul’s mother.

It seems like we are talking about two Rahul, there could be two Rahul and we are talking

about two of them, we can say Rahul went to Kerala with his mother, and then we can say

he really enjoyed spending time with his mother.

Now, if you look at these words, like his, he, his again, these are the words they are

going to replace these nouns, therefore, these words are called pronouns.

This is what we wanted, we meant when we said, we write this word.

When you look at carefully, you will see several words like I, you, he, she, it, we they, some

of them are singular, some of them are plural, these are called subject pronouns.

Then we have me, you, him, her, it, us, them, these are called object pronouns.

And there are other pronouns in English, you will come to know about them and their categories,

as we look at more details of the sentences.

But for today, the important part for us to underline is a pronoun is a word that can

replace a noun in a sentence.

And it is an important word, it is an important thing to learn.

Because without pronoun sentences look odd.

So, now in these sentences like we have looked at nouns find out pronouns, they have the

same sentence.

So, they fought like cats and dogs.

So, we saw cats and dogs are nouns, but they is pronoun.

Now, what does this they refer to?

They does not refer to anything in this sentence, they refers to some people who fought like

cats and dogs, therefore, it is a pronoun.

You please keep the pen on the top of the book.

So, you is a pronoun.

Philosophy?

Yes, that is an interesting subject, that is also a pronoun.

I took a beautiful photo of the sunrise, I is a pronoun.

I love you, in this sentence, I is the pronoun, you is also a pronoun.

She danced so well, she is a pronoun.

It is a beautiful dance, it is pronoun.

It has eight legs.

Again, it is a pronoun.

Can you get a glass of water, please?

You must get them.

You must get them, you and them.

All these underlined words are pronoun, examples of pronouns in these sentences.

So, hope this helps you understand the category of three types of words in a sentence today,

they are nouns, pronouns, and verbs.

We discussed in the order of verbs first, then nouns and then pronouns for a particular

purpose for us to tell you that verbs are the most important part of the sentence.

And the more we learn about a sentence, the more we learn about language, you will get

to see.

So, for the time being in this class, this much, please do some exercises on your own

for understanding these categories, it is worth spending half an hour on each one of

these category to understand them properly.

Thank you.