SEJARAH PERANG MAKASSAR | PERANG DIAKHIRI DENGAN PERJANJIAN BONGAYA | RUNTUHNYA BENTENG SOMBA OPU

Summary

The transcript recounts the historical struggle of the Sultanate of Makassar during the reign of Sultan Hasanuddin in the 17th century, focusing on the pressures from the Dutch East India Company and internal conflicts with the Bugis people. Following Hasanuddin's call to arms, the Bugis rallied against Dutch aggression but faced harsh treatment under Makassar's rule. Arung Palakka emerged as a key figure, leading a rebellion against the Sultanate and eventually forging an alliance with the Dutch. The resulting conflict culminated in the fall of Makassar, highlighting themes of resistance, colonial ambition, and the fight for autonomy.

Takeaways

• 👑 Sultan Hasanuddin succeeded his father, Sultan Malikussaid, as the Sultan of Makassar in 1653 and ruled until 1669.
• 💪 Karaeng Karunrung became the Mangkubumi of the Makassar Sultanate after Karaeng Pattingaloang's death in 1654.
• ⚔️ The growing pressure from the Dutch East India Company led Sultan Hasanuddin to seek alliances, notably with Tobala Arung Tanete of Bone.
• 🤝 Tobala Arung Tanete pledged support to Sultan Hasanuddin, rallying the Bugis people to defend Makassar against Dutch advances.
• 🛡️ The Dutch managed to capture strategic locations, including the Panakkukang harbor, highlighting their military strength.
• 💔 Reports of harsh treatment of Bugis workers by the Makassarese authorities contributed to growing discontent and rebellion.
• 🔥 Arung Palakka emerged as a leader of the Bugis revolt against the Makassar Sultanate due to the inhumane treatment of his people.
• 🚪 After initial defeats, Arung Palakka sought refuge with the Dutch, forming a critical alliance against Sultan Hasanuddin.
• ⚓ The collaboration between Arung Palakka and the Dutch culminated in a combined military force aiming to overthrow the Makassar Sultanate.
• 🏴‍☠️ Sultan Hasanuddin ultimately faced defeat, marking a significant shift in power and control over the spice trade in the region.

Q & A

Who succeeded Sultan Malikussaid after his death in 1653?

Sultan Hasanuddin succeeded Sultan Malikussaid as the Sultan of Makassar after his death.

What was the role of tobala Arung Tanete during Sultan Hasanuddin's reign?

Tobala Arung Tanete was a trusted official tasked with mobilizing the Bugis forces from Bone to strengthen the defense of Makassar against the Dutch East India Company.

What major challenge did Sultan Hasanuddin face during his rule?

Sultan Hasanuddin faced increasing pressure and military threats from the Dutch East India Company, which aimed to conquer Makassar.

How did the Bugis respond to Sultan Hasanuddin's leadership?

While some Bugis, like tobala Arung Tanete, pledged support, discontent grew among the Bone people due to harsh treatment and forced labor, eventually leading to rebellion.

What action did Arung Palakka take against the Makassar Sultanate?

Arung Palakka led a rebellion against the Makassar Sultanate after witnessing the mistreatment of the Bone people during their forced labor on defensive projects.

What was the outcome of the initial confrontations between Arung Palakka and the Makassar forces?

Arung Palakka initially faced defeat against the Makassar forces but managed to escape and regroup with allies to continue his resistance.

What significant support did Arung Palakka seek to strengthen his rebellion?

Arung Palakka sought the support of the Dutch East India Company, which aligned with his goals to free Bone and Soppeng from Makassar's control.

How did the Dutch East India Company benefit from their alliance with Arung Palakka?

The Dutch East India Company aimed to establish dominance over the spice trade in the region and saw an ally in Arung Palakka to help conquer Makassar.

What led to the downfall of the Makassar Sultanate?

The downfall of the Makassar Sultanate was precipitated by a series of military defeats, notably after the Dutch and Arung Palakka's forces successfully captured key strongholds.

How was Sultan Hasanuddin regarded after the conflicts with the Dutch?

Sultan Hasanuddin was recognized for his resilience and leadership during the conflicts, earning the title 'Rooster of the East' from the Dutch, who acknowledged his formidable naval power.