Muhammadiyah dan Pancasila: Kasman Singodimedjo dan Sila Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa

Summary

June 1 is celebrated as the birth of Pancasila, Indonesia's foundational philosophy. The term 'Pancasila' was first introduced by President Soekarno on June 1, 1945, during the BPUPKI meeting. A key moment in its development involved the Jakarta Charter, which originally included wording favoring Islamic law. However, due to concerns raised by Christian communities, figures like Muhammad Hatta and Kasman Singodimejo persuaded Islamic leaders, including Ki Bagus Hadikusumo, to agree to revise the phrase. This compromise led to the first principle of Pancasila: 'Belief in One Almighty God,' symbolizing unity and inclusivity for all Indonesians.

Takeaways

• 📅 June 1 is celebrated as Pancasila Day, marking the first time the term 'Pancasila' was mentioned by President Soekarno on June 1, 1945.
• 🇮🇩 Pancasila was proposed during a BPUPKI meeting as the foundational philosophy for Indonesia's independence.
• 📜 The Jakarta Charter, formulated on June 22, 1945, initially included a controversial clause about Islamic law.
• ✍️ The original phrase in the Jakarta Charter mentioned 'obligation to carry out Islamic law for its adherents,' which caused concerns among non-Muslims.
• ⛪ On August 17, 1945, concerns were raised by Protestant and Catholic representatives from Eastern Indonesia about the inclusivity of this phrase.
• 👨‍✈️ Muhammad Hatta was approached by a Japanese naval officer who conveyed the objections from non-Muslim communities.
• 🤝 Kasman Singodimejo, a national figure from Muhammadiyah, played a crucial role in persuading Islamic leaders to modify the contentious clause for national unity.
• 🗣️ Ki Bagus Hadikusumo, a key figure in the Jakarta Charter, was eventually convinced to agree to the changes for the sake of Indonesia's unity and independence.
• 🙏 The phrase 'belief in the Almighty God' was substituted in place of the original religious clause, creating broader religious inclusivity.
• 📝 This revised principle became the first tenet of Pancasila, solidifying it as the philosophical foundation of the Indonesian state.

Q & A

What is the significance of June 1st in Indonesian history?

June 1st is celebrated as the birthday of Pancasila, the philosophical foundation of the Indonesian state, as it was on this day in 1945 that the term Pancasila was first mentioned by President Soekarno during the BPUPKI (Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence) meeting.

What is the BPUPKI and its role in Indonesian history?

BPUPKI stands for Badan Penyelidik Usaha-usaha Persiapan Kemerdekaan Indonesia, which translates to the Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence. It was a body responsible for preparing the groundwork for Indonesia's independence.

What was the controversy surrounding the Jakarta Charter?

The controversy surrounding the Jakarta Charter was due to the inclusion of seven words that were perceived as not accommodating followers of religions and beliefs other than Islam, specifically the phrase 'with the obligation to implement Islamic sharia for its adherents'.

When was the Jakarta Charter ratified, and what was its significance?

The Jakarta Charter was ratified on June 22, 1945, and it became part of the opening of the UUD 45 (Constitution of 1945), which was a foundational document for the newly independent Indonesia.

Why was there resistance from non-Muslim religious groups to the Jakarta Charter?

Non-Muslim religious groups resisted the Jakarta Charter because it included a clause that could potentially marginalize them by emphasizing Islamic sharia law, which was seen as not inclusive of their beliefs.

Who was Muhammad Hatta and what was his role in the formation of Pancasila?

Muhammad Hatta was a prominent Indonesian nationalist and statesman who played a key role in the formation of Pancasila. He was instrumental in ensuring that the principles were inclusive and did not favor any particular religion.

What was the significance of the visit by the Japanese Navy officer to Muhammad Hatta?

The visit by the Japanese Navy officer to Muhammad Hatta was significant because it highlighted the concerns of non-Muslim religious groups in the eastern territories about the Jakarta Charter's language, which could lead to their exclusion from the newly formed nation.

Who was Ki Bagus Hadikusumo and why was he important in the context of the Pancasila?

Ki Bagus Hadikusumo was a charismatic figure who was respected by both Muslim and nationalist groups. He played a pivotal role in convincing other key figures to remove the seven controversial words from the Jakarta Charter to maintain national unity.

What was the role of Kasman Singodimejo in the development of Pancasila?

Kasman Singodimejo was a prominent figure in Muhammadiyah, an Islamic organization, who played an important role in persuading Ki Bagus Hadikusumo to consider the broader implications of the seven words in the Jakarta Charter and their impact on national unity.

What was the final outcome of the discussions regarding the seven words in the Jakarta Charter?

The final outcome was that the seven words were replaced with the phrase 'Belief in One Supreme God' (Ketuhanan yang maha esa), which became the first principle of Pancasila and is now a guiding philosophy of the Indonesian nation.

How did the agreement between Islamic figures and other national figures shape the Pancasila?

The agreement between Islamic figures and other national figures led to the Pancasila being established as a set of principles that are inclusive of all religions and beliefs, emphasizing the unity and diversity of the Indonesian nation.