कारक एवं विभक्ति (Karak and Vibhakti) संस्कृत व्याकरण

Summary

This video introduces Sanskrit grammar concepts, focusing on 'Karak' and 'Vibhakti' or case markers in Sanskrit. It explains how different Karak forms (such as Karta, Karma, Karana, Sampradana, Apadana, and Adhikaran) help identify roles in a sentence, like the doer, the receiver, and the instrument of an action. Each Karak is detailed with examples, showing how to determine its role in a sentence by asking specific questions of the verb. This structured approach simplifies understanding how words interact within Sanskrit sentences and highlights the purpose and relation of each component.

Takeaways

• 😀 **Definition of 'Karaka'**: In Sanskrit grammar, 'Karaka' refers to the role or function that helps complete the action in a sentence.
• 📖 **The Concept of Karaka**: It represents elements in a sentence that aid in the fulfillment of the action, such as the subject, object, and other contributors.
• 📘 **Example - 'Reading'**: In the sentence, 'Mohan is reading a book,' both Mohan and the book are Karakas, as they contribute to completing the action of reading.
• ✍️ **Example - 'Writing'**: In 'Rohit writes a letter with a pen,' the elements Rohit, letter, and pen are all Karakas, aiding the action of writing.
• 👤 **Types of Karaka**: There are six primary types: Karta (Doer), Karma (Object), Karana (Instrument), Sampradana (Recipient), Apadana (Source), and Adhikarana (Location).
• 🕵️‍♂️ **Identifying Karta (Doer)**: To identify the doer, ask 'who?' regarding the action, like in 'Yati gives wealth' - Yati is the Karta.
• 📌 **Identifying Karma (Object)**: To find the object, ask 'what?' For example, in 'Girisha reads a book,' the book is the Karma.
• 🖊️ **Karana (Instrument)**: This type involves the instrument aiding the action. In 'Mohini washes her face with water,' water is the Karana.
• 🎁 **Sampradana (Recipient)**: It is the receiver or beneficiary of the action. For instance, in 'Rohan gives a pen to his friend,' the friend is the Sampradana.
• 🏠 **Adhikarana (Location)**: It refers to the location where the action happens. In 'Students study in the classroom,' the classroom is the Adhikarana.

Q & A

What is the definition of 'Karaka' in the context of Sanskrit grammar?

'Karaka' refers to the agent or element that assists in the completion of an action in a sentence. In simpler terms, it is the entity that helps to fulfill the action of the verb.

How can 'Karaka' be identified in a sentence?

To identify 'Karaka' in a sentence, one must examine the elements that assist in completing the action described by the verb. For example, in the sentence 'Mohan reads a book,' both Mohan and the book are 'Karaka' as they aid in completing the action of reading.

What are the six main types of 'Karaka'?

The six main types of 'Karaka' are: (1) Kartā (doer), (2) Karman (object), (3) Karaṇa (instrument), (4) Sampradāna (recipient), (5) Apādāna (source), and (6) Adhikaraṇa (location).

What is the 'Kartā Karaka' and how is it marked?

The 'Kartā Karaka' refers to the doer of the action in a sentence. It is often marked by the absence of a suffix or by the addition of 'ने' in Hindi. In Sanskrit, it is identified by the use of the nominative case (Prathamā Vibhakti).

How is 'Karman Karaka' identified and what case is associated with it?

'Karman Karaka' refers to the object upon which the action is performed. It is usually marked by the suffix 'को' in Hindi and is associated with the accusative case (Dvitiya Vibhakti) in Sanskrit.

What does 'Karaṇa Karaka' signify in a sentence?

'Karaṇa Karaka' represents the instrument or means through which the action is completed. It is marked by 'से' or 'द्वारा' in Hindi and corresponds to the instrumental case (Tritiya Vibhakti) in Sanskrit.

What role does 'Sampradāna Karaka' play in a sentence?

'Sampradāna Karaka' refers to the recipient or beneficiary of an action. It is often marked by 'को' in Hindi and corresponds to the dative case (Chaturthi Vibhakti) in Sanskrit.

How is 'Apādāna Karaka' used in a sentence?

'Apādāna Karaka' indicates the source from which something is separated or taken. It is marked by 'से' in Hindi and corresponds to the ablative case (Panchami Vibhakti) in Sanskrit.

What is 'Adhikaraṇa Karaka' and how is it identified?

'Adhikaraṇa Karaka' denotes the location or basis where an action takes place. It is identified by the use of 'पर' in Hindi and corresponds to the locative case (Saptami Vibhakti) in Sanskrit.

Are 'Sambodhana' and 'Sambandha' considered 'Karaka' in Sanskrit?

'Sambodhana' (addressing someone) and 'Sambandha' (relation) are not considered 'Karaka' in Sanskrit. However, in Hindi grammar, 'Sambandha' is treated as a 'Karaka'.