RECEPTORES ADRENÉRGICOS Y COLINÉRGICOS

Summary

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Takeaways

• 😀 Adrenergic receptors play a critical role in the sympathetic nervous system and regulate various physiological responses such as heart rate, blood pressure, and smooth muscle contraction.
• 😀 There are two main types of adrenergic receptors: alpha (α) and beta (β), with subtypes α1, α2, β1, β2, and β3 that have distinct effects on different organs and tissues.
• 😀 α1 receptors, located in smooth muscles, mainly cause vasoconstriction, leading to increased blood pressure.
• 😀 α2 receptors are inhibitory and regulate neurotransmitter release, playing a role in feedback mechanisms that modulate neurotransmission.
• 😀 β1 receptors are primarily found in the heart, where they increase heart rate and contractility, contributing to the 'fight or flight' response.
• 😀 β2 receptors are involved in smooth muscle relaxation, particularly in the bronchi, leading to bronchodilation and improved airflow.
• 😀 Cholinergic receptors, which respond to acetylcholine, are divided into nicotinic and muscarinic receptors, influencing a wide range of bodily functions, including muscle contraction and parasympathetic responses.
• 😀 Muscarinic receptors (M1, M2, M3, M4, M5) mediate various parasympathetic actions, such as slowing heart rate (M2) and promoting glandular secretion (M3).
• 😀 The molecular mechanism of adrenergic receptor activation involves G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) that trigger intracellular signaling pathways, influencing various cellular responses.
• 😀 The cardiovascular effects of adrenergic and cholinergic receptor activation include changes in heart rate, blood vessel diameter, and blood pressure regulation, influencing the overall circulation and organ function.

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