Komunisme di Indonesia

Summary

This video discusses the history and role of communism in Indonesia, focusing on its emergence, challenges, and influence. The speaker addresses the introduction of communist ideas by Dutch socialist movements and their impact on Indonesia's independence. It covers key moments such as the 1948 Madiun Rebellion, the role of the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI) in the 1955 elections, and the eventual suppression of communism under President Sukarno's guided democracy. The video emphasizes the importance of understanding Pancasila and Indonesia's philosophical foundation to counter the resurgence of communist ideologies.

Takeaways

• 📜 The vlog discusses key topics in a Pancasila course, including sociology, cultural history, and the philosophy of the Indonesian nation.
• 📚 The lecturer emphasizes the role of communism in Indonesia's history, detailing its origins from Dutch influence and its rise as a political force.
• ⚖️ Pancasila's philosophical values were seen as incompatible with communism, leading to resistance from intellectuals and eventual suppression.
• 🔴 The Indonesian Communist Party (PKI) became a significant political entity, with moments of rebellion, such as the 1948 Madiun Affair, and participation in the 1955 elections.
• 📝 The speaker highlights Soekarno's political ideology of guided democracy, which aligned with the principles of Nasakom (Nationalism, Religion, and Communism), making PKI influential during his era.
• ⚔️ The 1965 G30S/PKI incident is discussed, reflecting on its controversial history and its impact on Indonesia’s political landscape.
• 📊 The PKI's rise to become one of the largest political parties in the 1955 elections shocked many, attributed to its grassroots efforts among the working class and farmers.
• 📉 The fall of the PKI after the 1965 tragedy and the prohibition of communism in Indonesia during the New Order is examined.
• 💡 The speaker stresses the importance of teaching history, Pancasila, and civic education to prevent a resurgence of communist ideology in future generations.
• 📖 There is a reflection on how the omission of key historical content, such as PKI history from school curricula, affects the younger generation's understanding of Indonesian history.

Q & A

What is the significance of communism in Indonesia's history?

Communism played a significant role in Indonesia's national history, influencing political movements, parties, and rebellions. It was brought by Dutch intellectuals and became prominent with the rise of the Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI), which had considerable influence in the mid-20th century.

What historical events marked the rise of communism in Indonesia?

Communism in Indonesia saw significant moments like the 1948 Madiun Affair and its peak during the 1965 G30S PKI (September 30th Movement), both of which involved attempts to overthrow the government. The PKI's prominence was solidified by its participation in the 1955 elections.

Why was the PKI considered a threat in Indonesia?

The PKI was considered a threat due to its rapid growth, grassroots mobilization, and opposition to the government, especially under colonial rule. Its ideology clashed with Indonesia’s values like Pancasila, and there were fears of it destabilizing the country or aligning Indonesia with communist nations like the Soviet Union.

What was the role of Muso and Amir Syarifuddin in the rise of the PKI?

Muso returned from the Soviet Union and led the Madiun Uprising in 1948, attempting to turn Indonesia into a communist state. Amir Syarifuddin, though initially an opposition figure, was involved in the communist movement, especially in organizing the Front Demokrasi Rakyat (FDR) to oppose the government.

How did the Indonesian government respond to communist activities?

The Indonesian government took strong measures against communist activities, especially after the Madiun Uprising and the G30S PKI incident. Communism was banned, and communist sympathizers faced severe repression, including being barred from government jobs for several generations.

Why was the PKI banned after the G30S incident in 1965?

The G30S PKI incident was seen as an attempted coup by the PKI to seize power. This led to widespread anti-communist sentiment and a crackdown on the party. The PKI was banned, and many of its members were persecuted during the subsequent regime.

What was the relationship between President Sukarno and the PKI?

President Sukarno maintained a delicate relationship with the PKI, especially during his 'Nasakom' policy, which aimed to unite nationalism, religion, and communism under one government. However, this alignment was controversial and contributed to the eventual downfall of the PKI.

How did the PKI manage to gain significant support in the 1955 elections?

The PKI gained support by aligning itself with grassroots movements, particularly among laborers and peasants who felt neglected by the government. Their policies appealed to the working class, helping them become one of the largest parties in the 1955 elections.

What is the ongoing impact of the PKI's history on Indonesia today?

The legacy of the PKI still influences Indonesian society. Discussions about communism remain sensitive, with some arguing for its historical role, while others emphasize the dangers it posed. Communism is still banned, and its symbols, such as the hammer and sickle, are illegal.

How did Indonesia handle the education and remembrance of communist history?

During the New Order era, the government propagated anti-communist sentiments through education, such as Pancasila training. However, after the fall of Suharto, there have been more open discussions about the historical role of communism, though it remains a controversial topic.