Resumão: ANATOMIA DOS RINS

Anatomia e etc. com Natalia Reinecke

3 Apr 202410:38

Summary

TLDRIn this video, Professor Natália Rineck gives a comprehensive overview of kidney anatomy. She explains the external structure of the kidneys, their retroperitoneal location, and the roles of various associated components like the renal hilum, ureters, bladder, and urethra. Natália also highlights important anatomical details, including the kidneys’ size, shape, and protective layers. The video touches on differences between the right and left kidneys and clarifies common exam mistakes regarding ureters and the urethra. Additionally, viewers are introduced to related study materials available for members of her channel.

Takeaways

😀 Professora Natália introduces herself and her channel, which focuses on anatomy, physiology, and health-related topics.
👕 She mentions her new collection of anatomy-themed t-shirts, one of which she is wearing with a brain image and the slogan 'Valorize suas curvas'.
📘 The main topic of the lesson is a summary of kidney anatomy, following a previous lesson on kidney functions.
🔎 The lesson will cover both the external and internal anatomy of the kidneys, with more detailed internal anatomy to be discussed in future lessons.
🟥 Kidneys are paired organs, with each person having two. They are reddish-brown in color and bean-shaped, larger than actual beans.
📍 They are located on the posterior and superior wall of the abdominal cavity, one on each side of the vertebral column.
🔔 The right kidney is slightly lower than the left due to the space occupied by the liver.
💧 Kidneys are retroperitoneal, meaning they are located behind the peritoneum, a serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity and covering the digestive organs.
🛡️ They are partially protected by the lower ribs, known as 'floating ribs'.
🧵 The kidney's outer part is composed of two surfaces (anterior and posterior), two poles (superior and inferior), and two borders (lateral and medial).
🌐 On the medial border, there is the renal hilum, a depression where structures such as arteries, veins, the renal pelvis, and lymphatic vessels enter and exit the kidney.
💧 The renal pelvis is a structure that carries urine produced in the nephrons to the ureter, which is responsible for transporting urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder.
🏃‍♂️ The nephrons are the functional units of the kidneys where filtration, reabsorption, and secretion occur to form urine.
🔄 The urinary system includes not only the kidneys but also the ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra, which are responsible for transporting and storing urine.
📄 All content of the lesson, including images, is available as a downloadable PDF handout for members of her YouTube channel under the 'Anatomista Entusiasta' category.
💌 She encourages viewers to like, comment, and share the lesson, and to ask questions for future video responses.

Q & A

Who is the speaker in the provided transcript?
-The speaker in the transcript is Professora Natália Rineck, a teacher who discusses anatomy, physiology, and health-related topics.
What is the main topic of the video?
-The main topic of the video is a summary of the anatomy of the kidneys.
What is the color of the kidneys as mentioned in the transcript?
-The kidneys are described as having a reddish-brown color.
What is the approximate size of an adult human kidney?
-The kidneys are approximately 11 to 13 cm in length.
How many kidneys does a human typically have?
-Humans typically have two kidneys.
What is the location of the kidneys within the body?
-The kidneys are located on the posterior and superior wall of the abdominal cavity, one on each side of the vertebral column.
Why is the right kidney slightly lower than the left kidney?
-The right kidney is slightly lower than the left kidney because of the large liver on the right side that occupies considerable space.
What is the function of the renal pelvis mentioned in the transcript?
-The renal pelvis is a structure that conducts the urine produced in the nephrons to the ureter, which is responsible for transporting urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder.
What are the nephrons and their role in the kidneys?
-Nephrons are the functional units of the kidneys where the process of filtration, reabsorption, and secretion occurs to form urine.
What are the other components of the urinary system mentioned in the video?
-Other components of the urinary system mentioned are the ureters, the urinary bladder, and the urethra.
What is the role of the ureters in the urinary system?
-The ureters are responsible for conducting urine produced in the kidneys to the urinary bladder.
How can viewers access the PDF handouts mentioned in the transcript?
-Viewers can access the PDF handouts by being a member of the channel in the 'Anatomista Entusiasta' category, or they can acquire them separately through the link provided in the video description.

Outlines

00:00

🧠 Overview of Kidney Anatomy & New Merch

In this lesson, Professor Natália Rineck introduces a summary of kidney anatomy. She starts by highlighting her new anatomy-themed t-shirt collection and invites viewers to check out available designs during the video. Moving into the topic, she explains that kidneys are paired organs with a reddish-brown color, bean-shaped but much larger than actual beans. They are located in the posterior and superior abdominal wall, with the right kidney sitting lower due to the liver. Kidneys are retroperitoneal, positioned behind the peritoneum membrane. Additionally, they are partially protected by the floating ribs and covered by a fibrous capsule for protection. She also mentions the general size of kidneys (11-13 cm) and compares them to the size of a closed fist.

05:03

🔬 Macro Overview of Kidney Structure & Urinary System

This section focuses on the macro anatomy of the kidneys and introduces parts of the urinary system. Natália explains the renal hilum, where structures like the renal arteries, veins, and renal pelvis (leading to the ureter) connect the kidney to the body. She also introduces nephrons as the functional units of the kidneys but saves a more detailed explanation for future lessons. Besides the kidneys, other urinary system components are discussed, such as the ureters (which transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder), the bladder (which stores urine), and the urethra (which expels urine from the body). A common exam trick involving ureters and the urethra is also noted.

10:03

📚 Reviewing Key Kidney Concepts & Membership Benefits

Natália recaps the key points from the lesson, reminding viewers that the kidneys are paired, retroperitoneal organs located in the posterior and superior abdominal cavity. She highlights their major structures, including the renal hilum and poles. Additionally, she promotes the PDF guide available for channel members and details how non-members can purchase it. The lesson concludes with a request for feedback through comments and an invitation to share the video with others for study support.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Anatomy of the kidneys

The video focuses on the anatomy of the kidneys, highlighting both external and internal structures. The kidneys are described as bean-shaped, paired organs located in the posterior and superior part of the abdominal cavity. This concept is essential to the video's core theme, as the instructor gives an overview of kidney anatomy to help viewers understand their location, shape, and function.

💡Retroperitoneal organs

The term refers to organs located behind the peritoneum, a membrane lining the abdominal cavity. In the video, the kidneys are explained as retroperitoneal because they are situated behind this membrane, making it an important anatomical detail that helps viewers grasp the kidneys' positioning relative to other organs.

💡Capsula fibrosa

This is the fibrous capsule that surrounds and protects the kidneys. The video mentions this layer as part of the kidneys' protective anatomy, emphasizing its role in providing structural support. This term helps explain how the kidneys maintain their shape and are protected from physical damage.

💡Hilo renal

This is a depression on the medial border of the kidney where structures like the renal arteries, veins, and ureter enter and exit. The video discusses the hilo renal to explain how blood and other substances are transported into and out of the kidney, making it a crucial part of the kidney's external anatomy.

💡Nephrons

Nephrons are the functional units of the kidney responsible for filtering blood and forming urine. Although the video does not go into detail about them, it introduces nephrons as key structures for kidney function, setting up the context for future, more in-depth lessons on kidney physiology.

💡Ureter

Ureters are tubes that transport urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder. The video identifies the ureters as vital components of the urinary system, emphasizing that each kidney has one ureter, which plays an essential role in urine excretion.

💡Urinary bladder

The urinary bladder is an organ that stores urine before it is expelled from the body. The video highlights the bladder’s ability to stretch and its singular function of urine storage, making it a crucial part of the urinary system discussed in the lesson.

💡Urethra

The urethra is the tube that transports urine from the bladder to the external environment. The video emphasizes the importance of not confusing the ureters (paired tubes) with the urethra (a single tube), which is a common mistake made by students during exams.

💡Peritoneum

The peritoneum is a serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and surrounds the digestive organs. The video explains that the kidneys are retroperitoneal, located behind this membrane, and this concept is key to understanding the anatomical location of the kidneys.

💡Diaphragm

The diaphragm is the primary muscle of respiration, separating the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity. The video mentions the diaphragm’s proximity to the kidneys, explaining how it forms a boundary between the chest and abdomen, with the kidneys located just below it.

Highlights

Introduction to the anatomy of the kidneys by Professor Natália Rineck.

The kidneys are paired organs with a reddish-brown color and a bean-like shape.

Kidneys are located on the posterior and superior wall of the abdominal cavity, one on each side of the vertebral column.

The right kidney is slightly lower than the left due to the space occupied by the liver.

Kidneys are retroperitoneal, located behind the peritoneum.

The diaphragm is above the kidneys, separating the thorax from the abdomen.

Kidneys are partially protected by the floating ribs.

Each kidney is covered by a fibrous capsule.

Kidneys are approximately 11 to 13 cm in length.

The external part of the kidney has an anterior and a posterior surface.

The kidney has a superior and an inferior pole, and two borders: lateral and medial.

The renal hilum is a depression on the medial border where structures enter and exit the kidney.

The renal pedicle includes the renal artery and vein, renal pelvis, and lymphatic vessels.

The renal pelvis is a structure that leads urine from nephrons to the ureter.

Nephrons are the functional units of the kidneys where filtration, reabsorption, and secretion occur.

The ureter is a tube that carries urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder.

The urinary bladder stores urine.

The urethra is a tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body.

The kidneys are part of the urinary system, also known as the excretory system.

There are two ureters and one urethra in the urinary system.

A summary of the main concepts covered in the lesson.

The lesson includes a PDF handout available for members of the channel.

Invitation for feedback and questions in the comments section.

Encouragement to share the lesson with peers and friends.