ANATOMIA EXTERNA DO CORAÇÃO! Com programa 3D

Summary

In this detailed class, Professor Natália Rineck explores the external anatomy of the heart, highlighting its five key surfaces, four margins, and characteristic sulci. The heart, located in the thoracic cavity and protected by the rib cage, has an apex pointing to the left side, where heartbeats are more pronounced. The lesson covers the great vessels, including the aorta, pulmonary trunk, and vena cava, which transport oxygenated and deoxygenated blood to and from the heart. The session offers an in-depth understanding of the heart's structure, its chambers, and how the circulatory system operates, with further educational resources available through the professor's course and channel membership.

Takeaways

• 😀 The heart is located in the thoracic cavity, protected by the rib cage, and sits in the mediastinum between the lungs.
• 😀 The heart is tilted, with its apex (lower tip) facing to the left side of the body.
• 😀 The heart has five surfaces: external costal, posterior (base), diaphragmatic, left pulmonary, and right pulmonary.
• 😀 The apex of the heart is at the lower tip, while the base is at the upper, broader part of the heart.
• 😀 The heart has four margins: right margin, left margin, upper margin, and inferior margin.
• 😀 Sulci (grooves) on the heart's surface are caused by internal divisions and include the coronary sulcus, anterior interventricular sulcus, and posterior interventricular sulcus.
• 😀 The heart's surface features include a cardiac cross where the coronary and posterior interventricular sulci intersect.
• 😀 The major vessels associated with the heart include the ascending aorta, pulmonary trunk, superior and inferior vena cavae, and four pulmonary veins.
• 😀 The ascending aorta carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the body, while the pulmonary trunk carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs.
• 😀 Despite being veins, pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood, which is an exception to the usual vein function of returning blood to the heart.
• 😀 Professor Natália Rineck offers an online cardiovascular system course with access to comprehensive e-books, video classes, and exercises to deepen knowledge of anatomy and physiology.

Q & A

What is the main focus of today's class?

Today's class focuses on the anatomy of the external part of the heart.

What is the role of the rib cage in protecting the heart?

The rib cage protects the heart by surrounding it and serving as a shield, preventing damage to the heart from external impacts.

Where is the heart located in the body?

The heart is located inside the thoracic cavity, in the mediastinum, which is the central region between the lungs.

Why do we feel heartbeats more strongly on the left side of the chest?

We feel heartbeats more strongly on the left side because the apex of the heart, located at the lower tip, is tilted toward the left side and the ventricles contract with more force on this side.

What are the five surfaces or faces of the heart?

The five surfaces of the heart are the external costal face, posterior face (base), diaphragmatic surface, left pulmonary surface, and right pulmonary surface.

What is the diaphragmatic surface of the heart, and why is it called that?

The diaphragmatic surface is the inferior part of the heart that rests on the diaphragm muscle, which separates the thoracic cavity from the abdomen.

How are the heart's margins classified?

The heart has four margins: the right margin, left margin, upper margin, and inferior margin, each corresponding to different regions of the heart and its chambers.

What are the 'juices' in the context of heart anatomy?

The 'juices' refer to the depressions or grooves on the external surface of the heart caused by its internal divisions, such as the coronary sulcus, interventricular sulcus, and the cardiac cross.

What is the significance of the coronary sulcus?

The coronary sulcus, or atrioventricular sulcus, separates the atria from the ventricles, running transversely around the heart.

Can you explain the function of the pulmonary trunk?

The pulmonary trunk carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs via the pulmonary arteries, where the blood becomes oxygenated.

What is the function of the pulmonary veins, and how do they differ from typical veins?

The pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart. They are unique as veins because they carry oxygen-rich blood, unlike most veins that carry oxygen-poor blood.