ANATOMIA DOS RINS! Com programa 3D

Summary

In this educational video, Professor Natália Renec explores the anatomy of the kidneys using a 3D program. She explains the kidneys' role in the urinary system, their structure, and their location in the body. The professor details the kidneys' size, shape, and features such as the cortex, medulla, renal pyramids, and columns. She also discusses the renal blood vessels and the process of urine formation. The lesson highlights important terms like 'cortex,' 'medulla,' and 'nephrons,' offering a clear understanding of kidney anatomy. Viewers are encouraged to share the content with their peers for effective learning.

Takeaways

• 😀 The kidneys are part of the urinary system (also known as the excretory system), consisting of two kidneys (left and right), located at the posterior and superior walls of the abdominal cavity.
• 😀 The kidneys are retroperitoneal organs, meaning they are located behind the peritoneum, which is a membrane lining the abdominal cavity and digestive organs.
• 😀 The kidneys have a reddish-brown color and a shape similar to a bean, measuring approximately 11 to 13 cm in length.
• 😀 The right kidney is slightly lower than the left due to the liver's position on the right side of the body, which takes up more space.
• 😀 The kidneys have two poles: the superior pole (upper) and inferior pole (lower). The superior pole is partially covered by the adrenal (suprarenal) gland, which is part of the endocrine system.
• 😀 The kidneys have an anterior (front) surface and a posterior (back) surface. The medial (inner) border is concave, while the lateral (outer) border is convex.
• 😀 The hilum (renal hilus) is a depression on the medial border where blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and the renal pelvis enter and exit the kidney.
• 😀 Internally, the kidneys are divided into the renal cortex (outer layer) and the renal medulla (inner layer). The medulla contains triangular structures called renal pyramids.
• 😀 The apex (tip) of each renal pyramid is called the renal papilla, where urine is collected by calyces (renal calyces). The smaller calyces merge to form larger calyces, which then combine to form the renal pelvis.
• 😀 The renal pelvis channels the urine from the kidneys into the ureter, which transports it to the urinary bladder for storage.
• 😀 Nephrons, the functional units of the kidneys, are responsible for filtration, secretion, and reabsorption to form urine. The urine is gradually funneled from the nephrons into the calyces and then the renal pelvis.

Q & A

What is the main topic of the video?

The main topic of the video is the anatomy of the kidneys, explained using a 3D program called Anatomy app.

What does the term 'retroperitoneal' mean in relation to the kidneys?

The kidneys are referred to as 'retroperitoneal' because they are located behind the peritoneum, which is a connective tissue membrane that covers the abdominal organs.

What is the function of the ureter?

The ureter is the tube that carries urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder for storage.

What are the two main structures located above the kidneys?

The two main structures above the kidneys are the adrenal glands (also known as suprarenal glands), which are part of the endocrine system.

Why is the right kidney positioned slightly lower than the left kidney?

The right kidney is slightly lower than the left kidney because the liver, which is a large organ, occupies space on the right side of the body, pushing the right kidney down.

What are the two poles of the kidneys?

The two poles of the kidneys are the superior pole (located at the top) and the inferior pole (located at the bottom).

What is the hilum of the kidney?

The hilum of the kidney is the indentation on the medial (inner) side of the kidney where blood vessels, lymphatics, and the renal pelvis enter or exit the kidney.

What is the structure of the kidney's internal anatomy?

The kidney is divided into two main regions: the outer cortex and the inner medulla. The medulla contains renal pyramids and renal columns, with the apex of each pyramid known as the renal papilla.

How does urine flow through the kidney?

Urine is produced in the nephrons, then it flows into the minor calyces, which merge into major calyces, and eventually into the renal pelvis. The renal pelvis then channels the urine into the ureter for excretion.

What is the role of nephrons in the kidneys?

Nephrons are the functional units of the kidneys, responsible for processes like filtration, secretion, and reabsorption, which together contribute to urine formation.