PKn Bab IV
Summary
TLDRIn this lecture on Citizenship Education, Vera Budiarsa Arif discusses the constitutional values and norms of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. She explains the importance of the constitution in organizing the state, ensuring human rights, and limiting governmental power. The video highlights the need for constitutional amendments during the Reform Era to promote democracy, human rights, and prevent authoritarianism. It also covers the systematic and phased changes made by the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR) and the importance of maintaining constitutional compliance with national laws, with the Constitutional Court overseeing this process.
Takeaways
- 📜 The Constitution (Undang-Undang Dasar 1945) defines the basic rules for organizing the state.
- 🏛️ The Constitution includes both written and unwritten rules determining how state institutions are formed and operated.
- ⚖️ It serves to limit government power, divide state authority, and guarantee human rights for citizens.
- 📝 The Constitution contains provisions on state organization, human rights, procedures for amending the Constitution, and the state's ideology.
- 🔄 During the Reform Era, there was a demand for changes to the 1945 Constitution due to its lack of support for democratic life and human rights.
- 📑 Several articles of the 1945 Constitution were seen as multi-interpretive, creating opportunities for authoritarian, centralistic, and corrupt governance.
- 📚 The People's Consultative Assembly (MPR) carried out four systematic changes to the 1945 Constitution between 1999 and 2002.
- 🚫 The changes were based on the need to reduce the excessive power of the president and to clarify the interpretation of several constitutional provisions.
- 📈 The revision process followed a systematic, progressive approach, adhering to a pre-agreed plan of reform.
- ⚖️ If a law contradicts the Constitution, citizens can request judicial review by the Constitutional Court to address issues of constitutionality.
Q & A
What is the main topic of Chapter 4 in the Citizenship Education course?
-Chapter 4 discusses the constitutional values and norms of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia and the constitutionality of laws under the Constitution.
How is the term 'Constitution' defined in both a narrow and broad sense?
-In a narrow sense, the Constitution is a document or set of documents containing basic rules for running the state. In a broad sense, it includes both written and unwritten rules that determine how state institutions are formed and operated.
Why is a constitution necessary for a state?
-A constitution is necessary to limit the powers of the government, divide state powers, and provide guarantees for human rights to its citizens.
What key content is included in a constitution?
-A constitution typically contains content on the organization of the state, human rights, procedures for amending the constitution, and sometimes prohibitions on changing certain aspects of the constitution.
What was the demand for reform regarding the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia based on?
-The demand for reform was based on the view that the 1945 Constitution lacked sufficient foundations for democratic life, empowerment of the people, and respect for human rights. It also contained articles that allowed for multiple interpretations, leading to the potential for authoritarianism and centralization.
What issues were identified with the original 1945 Constitution?
-The original 1945 Constitution had articles that allowed for multiple interpretations, which opened opportunities for authoritarianism, centralism, and practices of corruption, collusion, and nepotism (KKN).
How was the process of constitutional reform carried out in Indonesia?
-The reform of the 1945 Constitution was conducted in four systematic stages by the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR), beginning in 1999 and continuing through 2002.
What were some of the key changes made during the reform of the 1945 Constitution?
-Key changes included the repeal of the MPR Decree No. 4/MPR/1983 regarding referendums, the introduction of term limits for the president and vice president, and the addition of human rights provisions.
What is the role of the Constitutional Court in Indonesia's legal system?
-The Constitutional Court plays a role in reviewing the constitutionality of laws. If a law is deemed to be in conflict with the Constitution, it can be challenged and potentially annulled by the Court.
What happens if a law is found to be in conflict with the 1945 Constitution?
-If a law is found to be unconstitutional, citizens can request a constitutional review by the Constitutional Court, which can then rule on the matter.
Outlines
📖 Introduction to Constitutional Values and Norms
This paragraph introduces the topic of civic education, focusing on the constitutional values and norms of Indonesia’s 1945 Constitution. The lecturer explains the difference between the narrow and broad definitions of a constitution, highlighting its role in organizing state institutions, limiting governmental power, and guaranteeing human rights. The constitution also outlines state organization, human rights, and procedures for constitutional amendments. The paragraph emphasizes the need for constitutional changes to promote democracy, empowerment, and human rights.
🔄 The Need for Reform and Constitutional Changes
This section explores the historical context of the 1998–1999 reform era, which brought demands to amend Indonesia’s 1945 Constitution. The original Constitution was seen as insufficient for fostering democracy and human rights, with some of its articles leading to authoritarian interpretations. Concerns over centralization, corruption, collusion, and nepotism also drove the call for reform. The need for systematic, phased amendments is explained, with the goal of addressing misinterpretations and making the Constitution align with democratic values.
⚖️ Four Phases of Constitutional Amendments
Here, the four phases of the constitutional amendments are outlined. The People's Consultative Assembly (MPR) carried out these changes in stages through general and annual sessions from 1999 to 2002. The reforms aimed to address the limitations of the original Constitution, and the changes were part of a carefully planned, continuous process. Additionally, the importance of ensuring that laws do not contradict the Constitution is stressed, and if discrepancies arise, citizens can challenge the constitutionality of these laws through the Constitutional Court.
📝 Conclusion and Final Reflections
The closing paragraph summarizes the key takeaways from Chapter 4, emphasizing the importance of understanding the Constitution and its amendments. It encourages learners to grasp the essence of constitutional law and its implications for governance and human rights. The speaker concludes by apologizing for any potential inaccuracies due to limited knowledge, and offers well-wishes and blessings. The closing invokes Islamic greetings and prayers for guidance and wisdom.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Constitution
💡1945 Constitution of Indonesia
💡Human Rights (HAM)
💡Reform Era (Era Reformasi)
💡Constitutional Amendment
💡MPR (Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat)
💡Power Separation
💡Constitutionality
💡Multi-interpretation (Multi Tafsir)
💡Corruption, Collusion, and Nepotism (KKN)
Highlights
Introduction by Vera Budiarsa Arif in the Citizenship Education lecture.
Explanation of the 1945 Constitution as a document outlining basic rules for organizing the state.
Constitution limits the powers of government, divides state authority, and guarantees human rights.
Constitution includes content on state organization, human rights, procedures for constitutional amendments, and prohibitions on changing certain aspects.
Post-Reform era demands for amendments to the 1945 Constitution due to its insufficient democratic foundation and human rights protection.
Multi-interpretation of some articles in the 1945 Constitution leads to authoritarianism, centralism, and corruption, collusion, and nepotism (KKN).
MPR made four systematic constitutional amendments to address these issues, ensuring a democratic governance structure.
The original Constitution concentrated too much power in the hands of the MPR and the president, requiring reforms.
Systematic changes were carried out between 1999 and 2002 over four MPR sessions.
The amendments were gradual due to the complex and comprehensive nature of the proposed changes.
The Constitution holds the highest legal position in Indonesia’s legal hierarchy, requiring laws to conform to its principles.
If a law is deemed unconstitutional, citizens can challenge it before the Constitutional Court.
Reforms also addressed the limitation of presidential terms and human rights protection.
The importance of systematic, continuous reforms that are in line with previously agreed-upon drafts.
Conclusion expressing gratitude and acknowledging potential knowledge limitations.
Transcripts
Assalamualaikum
warahmatullahi wabarakatuh
alhamdulillahirobbilalamin jumpa kembali
dengan saya Vera budiarsa Arif dalam
mata kuliah pendidikan kewarganegaraan
[Musik]
Pada kesempatan ini Izinkan saya
menyampaikan ringkasan dari bab 4
Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan yang
berbicara tentang bagaimana nilai dan
norma konstitusional undang-undang Dasar
Negara Republik Indonesia tahun 1945 dan
konstitusionalitas ketentuan-ketentuan
perundang-undangan di bawah
undang-undang dasar
dalam arti sempit Konstitusi merupakan
suatu dokumen atau seperangkat dokumen
yang berisi aturan-aturan dasar untuk
menyelenggarakan negara sedangkan dalam
arti luas Konstitusi merupakan peraturan
baik tertulis maupun tidak tertulis yang
menentukan Bagaimana lembaga negara
dibentuk dan dijalankan
konstitusi diperlukan untuk membatasi
Kekuasaan pemerintah atau penguasa
negara
membagi kekuasaan negara dan memberi
jaminan HAM bagi warga negara
konstitusi mempunyai Materi muatan
tentang organisasi negara hak asasi
manusia
prosedur mengubah undang-undang dasar
kadang-kadang juga berisi larangan untuk
mengubah sifat tertentu dari
undang-undang dasar
cita-cita rakyat dan asas-asas ideologi
negara
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pada awalnya di era reformasi adanya
tuntutan perubahan undang-undang Dasar
Negara Republik Indonesia tahun 1945
hal ini didasarkan pada pandangan bahwa
undang-undang Dasar Negara Republik
Indonesia tahun
1945 belum cukup memuat landasan bagi
kehidupan yang demokratis
pemberdayaan rakyat dan penghormatan
terhadap Hak Asasi Manusia disamping itu
dalam tubuh undang-undang undang-undang
Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia tahun
1945 terdapat pasal-pasal yang
menimbulkan penafsiran beragam atau
istilahnya multi Tafsir dan membuka
peluang bagi penyelenggaraan negara yang
otoriter sentralistik tertutup dan
praktek kolusi korupsi dan nepotisme
atau KKN dalam perkembangannya tuntutan
perubahan undang-undang Dasar Negara
Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 menjadi
kebutuhan bersama bangsa Indonesia Oleh
karena itu majelis Perwakilan Rakyat
atau MPR melakukan perubahan secara
bertahap dan sistematis dalam empat kali
perubahan keempat kali Perubahan
tersebut harus dipahami sebagai satu
rangkaian dan satu kesatuan
dasar pemikiran perubahan undang-undang
Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia tahun
1945 adalah kekuasaan tertinggi di
tangan MPR kekuasaan yang sangat besar
pada presiden
pasal-pasal terlalu luas sehingga dapat
menimbulkan multi tafsir kewenangan pada
presiden untuk mengatur hal-hal penting
dengan undang-undang dan rumusan
undang-undang dasar negara Republik
Indonesia tahun 1945 tentang semangat
penyelenggaraan negara belum cukup
didukung ketentuan konstitusi yang
sesuai dengan tuntutan reformasi
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awal dari proses perubahan undang-undang
Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia tahun
1945 adalah
pencabutan ketetapan MPR nomor 4 garis
miring MPR garis miring
1983 tentang referendum pembatasan masa
jabatan presiden dan wakil presiden
Republik Indonesia dan ketetapan MPR
mengenai hak asasi manusia mengawali
perubahan undang-undang Dasar Negara
Republik Indonesia tahun 1945 dari
proses perubahan undang-undang Dasar
Negara Republik Indonesia tahun 1945
dapat diketahui hal-hal sebagai berikut
yang pertama perubahan undang-undang
Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia tahun
1945 dilakukan oleh MPR dalam satu
kesatuan perubahan yang dilaksanakan
dalam empat tahapan yakni yang pertama
sidang umum MPR tahun
1999 sidang tahunan MPR tahun 2000 2001
dan 2002 yang kedua hal ini terjadi
karena Materi perubahan undang-undang
Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia tahun
1945
yang telah disusun secara sistematis dan
lengkap pada masa Sidang MPR tahun 1999
2000 tidak seluruhnya dapat dibahas dan
diambil keputusan hal itu berarti bahwa
perubahan undang-undang Dasar Negara
Republik Indonesia tahun 1945
dilaksanakan secara sistematis
berkelanjutan karena senantiasa mengacu
dan berpedoman pada materi
rancangan yang telah disepakati
sebelumnya
undang-undang Dasar Negara Republik
Indonesia tahun 1945
menempati urutan tertinggi dalam jenjang
norma hukum di Indonesia berdasarkan
ketentuan ini secara normatif
undang-undang isinya tidak boleh
bertentangan dengan undang-undang dasar
jika suatu undang-undang isinya dianggap
bertentangan dengan undang-undang dasar
maka dapat melahirkan masalah
konstitusionalitas undang-undang
tersebut
warga negara dapat mengajukan pengujian
itusionalitas suatu undang-undang kepada
Mahkamah Konstitusi Alhamdulillah
demikianlah
uraian dari bab 4 semoga bermanfaat
mohon maaf jika terdapat kekeliruan
karena keterbatasan ilmu yang kami
miliki apabila taufik wal hidayah
wassalamualaikum warahmatullahi
wabarakatuh
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