Module 1 Nature and Roles of Assessment
Summary
TLDRThis educational module explores the nature and roles of assessment in education, distinguishing between pre-assessment, formative, and summative assessments. It delves into outcome-based education (OBE) principles, measurement, testing, and evaluation processes. The script highlights assessment types, their purposes, and relevance to various stakeholders, emphasizing the importance of clarity, relevance, and proper use of assessment tools for effective educational outcomes.
Takeaways
- 📚 Assessment helps in identifying learning needs, monitoring progress, and evaluating student performance.
- 📝 There are three types of assessments: pre-assessment (before instruction), formative assessment (during instruction), and summative assessment (after instruction).
- 🎯 Outcome-Based Education (OBE) focuses on organizing education around achieving clear outcomes for students at the end of their learning experiences.
- 🔢 Measurement refers to the quantitative description of an attribute, while testing is the practice of gathering information through formal tests.
- 🎓 The purposes of tests include assessing knowledge, evaluating progress, identifying strengths/weaknesses, and providing a basis for awards or program entry.
- ✔️ Assessment involves gathering information about learning and making value judgments based on that information.
- 📊 Evaluation is the process of making judgments about the quality of student performance using criteria and evidence.
- 🔄 There is a relationship between measurement, testing, and evaluation, where all can overlap, but each has distinct roles in assessing performance.
- 📈 Types of assessments include maximum performance assessments (achievement and aptitude tests) and typical performance assessments (interest, attitude, personality inventories).
- 🎯 Assessment plays various roles for students, teachers, parents, administrators, and policymakers by providing information for decision-making and improving learning processes.
Q & A
What is the primary purpose of assessment in education?
-Assessment is used to determine learning needs of students, monitor their progress, and examine their performance against identified student learning outcomes.
What are the three types of assessment mentioned in the script?
-The three types of assessment are pre-assessment, formative assessment, and summative assessment.
What does OBE stand for and what does it focus on?
-OBE stands for Outcome-Based Education, which focuses on organizing everything in the education system around what is important for students to be successful at the end of their learning experiences.
What are the four principles of Outcome-Based Education?
-The four principles of OBE are clarity of focus, designing town, high expectations, and expanded opportunities.
What is the difference between measurement and testing?
-Measurement is a quantitative description of an object's characteristic or attribute, while testing refers to the practice or act of giving tests to measure someone's knowledge or ability.
What are the general principles of assessment?
-The general principles of assessment include clearly stating what is to be assessed, selecting procedures relevant to the characteristics or performance to be measured, requiring a variety of procedures for comprehensive assessment, being aware of the limitations of assessment procedures, and viewing assessment as a means to an end, not an end in itself.
How does evaluation differ from measurement and testing?
-Evaluation refers to the process of making judgments based on criteria and evidence, whereas measurement and testing involve gathering information and do not necessarily involve making judgments or decisions.
What are the two classifications of assessment mentioned in the script?
-The two classifications of assessment are maximum performance assessments and typical performance assessments.
What are the purposes of assessment for learning?
-Assessment for learning involves diagnostic and formative tasks used to identify learning needs, monitor student progress, and guide instruction.
What is the difference between formative and summative assessment?
-Formative assessment mediates the teaching and learning process and is both teacher-centered and learner-centered, while summative assessment determines the extent to which students have attained learning outcomes and is done at the end of instructions.
Why are different types of tests important in assessment?
-Different types of tests are important because they allow for varied modes of response, ease of qualification of response, modes of administration, and modes of interpreting results, which provide a comprehensive view of a student's abilities and achievements.
Outlines
📚 Introduction to Assessment of Student Learning
Jeffrey Dani introduces the concept of assessment in education, particularly focusing on Module 1. This module outlines the expectations, including identifying terms related to assessment, understanding the distinctions between measurement, testing, assessment, and evaluation, and analyzing the roles of assessment in education. Jeffrey also explains the three phases of assessment: pre-assessment, formative assessment, and summative assessment.
🎯 Outcome-Based Education (OBE) and Its Principles
Jeffrey introduces Outcome-Based Education (OBE), explaining its focus on ensuring that educational systems are designed to help students achieve success by the end of their learning experiences. Four key principles of OBE are discussed: clarity of focus, designing with outcomes in mind, maintaining high expectations, and expanding learning opportunities.
📏 Measurement and Testing Explained
The concepts of measurement and testing are broken down, with measurement defined as a quantitative description of an object's characteristics and testing as a systematic procedure for assessing someone's knowledge or ability. The purposes of tests are discussed, including evaluating student understanding, progress, and identifying students for awards or scholarships.
📊 General Principles of Assessment
The general principles of assessment are outlined, emphasizing the importance of clarity in assessment objectives, the relevance of procedures, and the variety of assessment methods. It is stressed that assessment is a means to an end and that it provides valuable information for decision-making about students, instruction, and curriculum.
✅ Evaluation and Its Relationship with Measurement and Testing
Evaluation is defined as the process of making judgments based on evidence and criteria. The relationships among measurement, testing, and evaluation are discussed, with examples provided on how evaluation can occur with or without measurement and testing, and the different approaches used in student evaluations.
📝 Assessment Types: Maximum and Typical Performance
Jeffrey discusses the two main classifications of assessment: maximum performance and typical performance. Maximum performance assessments measure students at their best, focusing on their achievements, while typical performance assessments gauge what students regularly do, focusing on motivation and personality traits. Examples include aptitude tests, achievement tests, and peer appraisals.
🔍 Different Purposes of Assessment
The three key purposes of assessment are presented: assessment for learning (diagnostic and formative), assessment as learning (encouraging self-reflection), and assessment of learning (summative). Each type has different uses, such as monitoring student progress, guiding instruction, and evaluating final outcomes.
👩🏫 Relevance of Assessment to Different Stakeholders
Assessment is crucial for students, teachers, parents, administrators, and policy makers. For students, it enhances engagement, while teachers use assessment data to guide instruction. Parents contribute to the assessment process by providing insights into learning habits. Administrators and policy makers use assessments to evaluate the effectiveness of programs and make informed decisions about educational resources.
📖 Types of Tests Based on Response and Administration
Various types of tests are categorized based on mode of response (oral, written, performance), ease of qualification (objective, subjective), mode of administration (individual, group), and method of interpreting results (norm-referenced, criterion-referenced). The differences between these test types are explained, highlighting their suitability for different educational contexts.
🧠 Specialized Tests: Personality, Aptitude, and More
Several specialized tests are described, including personality tests (measuring behavioral styles), aptitude tests (predicting future learning potential), intelligence tests (measuring mental ability), and vocational tests (assessing specific job-related skills). These tests serve various purposes, from career guidance to evaluating student readiness for specific fields.
📜 Roles of Assessment in Education
The different roles of assessment in education are outlined. These include placement assessment (to determine student entry-level performance), formative assessment (to mediate teaching and learning), diagnostic assessment (to identify learning difficulties), and summative assessment (to evaluate student achievement at the end of instruction). Each type of assessment serves distinct purposes within the educational process.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Assessment
💡Outcome-Based Education (OBE)
💡Measurement
💡Testing
💡Evaluation
💡Formative Assessment
💡Summative Assessment
💡Diagnostic Assessment
💡Maximal Performance Assessment
💡Typical Performance Assessment
💡Standardized Tests
Highlights
Assessment is used to determine learning needs, monitor progress, and examine performance against student learning outcomes.
There are three types of assessment: pre-assessment, formative assessment, and summative assessment.
Outcome-Based Education (OBE) focuses on organizing education around student success.
Measurement is a quantitative description of an object's characteristic or attribute.
Testing is a systematic procedure for gathering information about knowledge or ability.
Tests serve multiple purposes, including assessing understanding, evaluating progress, and identifying strengths and weaknesses.
High-stakes testing is crucial for qualifications and teacher evaluations.
Assessment procedures should be clearly stated, relevant, varied, and aware of their limitations.
Assessment is a means to an end, aiding in decisions about student instructions and curriculum.
Evaluation is the process of making judgments based on criteria and evidence.
The relationship among measurement, testing, and evaluation is complex and multifaceted.
Assessments can be classified as maximum or typical performance measures.
Assessment purposes include assessment for learning, as learning, and of learning.
Assessment is relevant for students, teachers, parents, administrators, and policymakers.
Different types of tests include oral, written, and performance tests.
Tests can be objective or subjective, with different methods of response qualification.
Tests can be administered individually or in groups, with standardized or non-standardized tests.
Tests can be interpreted using norm-referenced or criterion-referenced interpretations.
The nature of tests can vary, including personality, achievement, aptitude, intelligence, social metric, and vocational tests.
Assessment roles include placement, formative, diagnostic, and summative assessments.
Transcripts
good day my name is jeffrey dani and
welcome to assessment of student
learning
module 1 nature and roles of assessment
at the end of this module you are
expected to identify the terms
related to nature and rules of
assessment
determine the difference as well as the
relationship among the process of
measurement
testing assessment and evaluation
analyze basic concepts and principles of
the nature and roles of assessment
what is assessment assessment is used in
determining learning needs of
students monitoring their progress and
examining their performance against
identified student learning outcomes
there are three pieces of instruction
pre-assessment
with which is before the instruction
formative assessment during instruction
and summative assessment after
instruction
we have to discuss also outcome-based
education or obe
this refers to the process of clearly
focusing and organizing
everything in the system of education
around what is important for all the
students
to be able to be successful at the end
of their learning experiences
there are four principles of
outcome-based
education clarity of focus designing
town
high expectations and expanded
opportunities
let's discuss about measurement
measurement comes from the old french
word measure meaning
limit or quantity basically it's a
quantitative description
of characteristic or attribute of an
object
testing refers to the practice or act of
giving tests
so as to measure someone's knowledge or
ability it is also refers to a
systematic and formal procedure
for gathering information
what are the purposes of tests one to
assess
understanding of student to the given
topic within a subject
and determine what they have learned two
to evaluate the progress of student in
subject within a given period of time
three to assess the strengths and
weaknesses
of students for focus assistance or
individual instructions
four is to identify who will receive
awards
scholarships and recognitions five
to provide basis of qualifications for
entry into a program
school higher education scholarship
or internship six to gain
college credit advanced placement exam
seven to mass show the effectiveness of
a teacher
or schools as part of teacher evaluation
high stakes testing
let's now talk about assessment
assessment prepares the procedures
used to gain information about the
learning of students
and the value judgment formation
concerning learning progress
what are the general principle of
assessment
number one the highest priority is
clearly stating
what is to be assessed two
because of the relevance of assessment
procedure
to the characteristics or performance to
be measured it should be
selected three variety of procedures
is required in a comprehensive
assessment
four an awareness of this of the
limitation of assessment
procedures is required in the proper use
of the sad procedures
5. assessment is
a means to an end not an end in itself
information about assessment aids as in
making decisions about students
instructions and curriculum it should
never be utilized just to keep agreed
even if that is the purpose everyone
should know and understand
what the purpose of a specific type of
assessment is
now let's talk about evaluation it is
refers to the process of making judgment
based on criteria and evidence
it is the process of judging the quality
of performance
or course of action
let's discuss about relationship among
measurement
testing and evaluation area one is
evaluation which does not involve tests
or measurements
an example is the utilization of
quantitative descriptions
to describe performance of students
non-test procedures which can be used
to diagnose learning problems among
students
are observations area 2 is the non-test
measures
for evaluation an example of non-measure
for evaluation used by teachers
in assigning grades in the ranking
area 3 is where all three converge
examples of this are the teacher made
test
area 4 pertains to the non-evaluated
test measures
examples of these are the test scores
utilized in correlational studies
area 5 pertains to non-test measures
and non-evaluative like assigning
numerical codes to the responses
in research study nominal skills
is no medial skills used in labeling
educational attainment
or example of this let's talk about
assessment
assessments come from the lapping word
acidity which means
to sit beside a judge it signifies that
assessment is tied up with evaluation
it is also refers to the information
collection about
performance of learners using different
methods and tools
there are two classification of
assessment maximum performance
and difficult performance maximum
performance
when students are motivated to perform
well maximum performance is achieved
result of assessments for maximum
performance shows
what students can do at their level best
their achievements and abilities
students are encouraged to make to aim
for a high score in this category
example of measures of maximum
performance are aptitude
and achievement tests
while typical performance measures
manifests
what students will do or choose to do
it is assesses how the ability of
learner is
evident in if demonstrated
on a regular basis it is more
focused on level of motivation of
learner rather than his
optimal ability measure parties
are interests attitude and personality
inventories peer appraisals and
observation techniques
insights into the learner's interests
personality traits and potential career
preference
let's discuss about the purposes of
assessment
assessment for learning assessment as
learning
and assessment of learning
assessment for learning it pertains to
assessment tasks which
are diagnostic and formative in nature
and which are utilized to identify the
learning needs
monitor progress of students
academically
during a unit or block of instruction
and guide instructions
example of this pre-test quizzes
written assignments focus questions
concept maps
while assessment as learning it is
employs
activities or tasks which provide
opportunities to students
in monitoring and furthering their own
learning
to think about their personal learning
habits and how to adjust their learning
strategies
to us to achieve their goals example of
this
self-assessment rubrics peer assessments
rubrics
and portfolios and lastly assessment of
learning
it is summative in nature it is done at
the end of
tasks unit process or period
to provide evidence of the level of
achievement of students
in relation to curriculum outcomes it is
purposes
it is used for purposes of creating
evaluation
and reporting example of this unit tests
and final projects
let's talk about relevance of assessment
for students
teachers parents administrators and
program staff
and policy makers students become
actively engaged in the process of
learning through the different
constructive
and learner-centered assessment tasks
teachers assessments give information to
teachers
about the knowledge and performance base
of students
parents education is shared partnership
in the assessment process parents should
be involved
they are valued source of assessment
information on the learning habits
and educational history of their
children especially for preschoolers
who don't understand their development
progress yet
administration and program staff in
identifying strengths and weaknesses
of the program administrators and school
planners
utilize assessment administrators and
school planners are able to designate
program priorities
assess options and lay down plans for
improvement and for the policy makers
information about the achievements of
students in
which in turn reflect quality of
education being provided by the school
is provided by the assessment
with the said information different
government agencies can set
or do some modification on standards
keep rewards or
sanction schools and direct educational
resources there are different types of
tests
mode of response is a qualification of
response
mode of administration test constructor
mode of interpreting results and nature
of answer
mode of response there are oral tests
written tests and performance tests for
other tests
answers to these tests are spoken oral
communication skills can be measured
using this type of test
understanding of theories concepts and
procedures of students may be
checked using this for written tests
students select or provide response to a
prompt
written tests it is positive points and
can
be administrative in large group at one
time
performance tests these are
usually called as performance assessment
this requires learners to demonstrate
their ability or skills
to perform specific actions
another type of test is ease of
qualification of response
we have objective tests and subjective
tests
objective tests can be corrected and
quantified easily
items in the tests have a specific or
single convergent response
it includes multiple choice completion
true or false and matching type while
subjective tests varied responses
are elicited by a subjective test here
a certain question may have more than
one answer
these include extended or restricted
response
essays another type of test
mode of administration individual tests
and group tests
individual tests it is tests given to
one person at a time
to gather information extensively about
each student's cognitive
functioning and his ability to process
and perform specific tests
individual cognitive and achievement
tests
and the other one is group tests it is
administrative to a group
of examiners or a class of students sign
most dangerously
the reason why it is developed is to
address
the practical needs of testing
and also there is test constructor under
this standardized tests
and non-study tests standardized tests
specialize who are births in the
assessment principles
are the ones who prepared this test
this are administrative to a large group
of examiners or students
under similar condition and
non-standardized tests
these tests are usually prepared by
teachers and usually administrative
to one or few classes to measure the
course
or subject achievement
another type of test is mode of
interpreting results
tests that yield norm reference
interpretations
and tests that are allow criterion
reference
interpretations tests that are yield
norm reference interpretation
in this test performance of students are
measured in relation to the performance
of a group on the same test while
tests that allow criterion reference
interpretations
in this test performance of students is
described against
an agreed upon or per established
performance level
or criterion and we have nature of tests
that are different under this category
personality test
achievement test aptitude tests
intelligent tests
social metric tests trade or vocational
tests
personality tests and this test measures
one's personality and behavioral style
there is no right or wrong answer in
this test
achievement tests this measure to create
the learning of
students as a result of instruction and
training experiences
they serve as basis for promotion to the
next level or grade
aptitude tests these tests determine the
potential of students to learn
do new twists this aids in choosing the
best line of work per individual based
on these interests and skills
number four intelligence tests
learners mental ability or initiate
intelligence are measured in this test
social metric tests
interpersonal relationship in a social
group are measured in this test
trait tests or vocational tests
this test assesses knowledge skill
and competence of an individual in a
particular occupation
days may consist of practical tests and
theory tests
let's discuss about roles of assessment
number one placements of assessment it
is basically
utilized to determine an entry
performance of learner
at the beginning of the instruction
assessment is done by the teacher
number two formative assessment
it mediates the teaching and learning
process
it is both teacher-centered and
learner-centered
number three diagnostic assessment
to identify the learning difficulties
during instruction in the intention of
diagnostic assessment
number four summative assessment to
determine the s
the extent to which the students have
attained
the learning outcomes it is done at the
end of instructions
thank you and see you on next module
which is appropriateness and alignment
of assessment methods of
learning outcomes
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