Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic Acid) 🥬🍗🍳

Summary

In this educational video, the host delves into the world of vitamin B5, also known as pantothenic acid, highlighting its crucial role in metabolism as a coenzyme A provider. They discuss its rarity in deficiency and toxicity, its presence in all foods, and its significance in biochemical processes like fatty acid synthesis and oxidation. The host also humorously addresses the confusing nomenclature of vitamins on supplement bottles and emphasizes the importance of understanding the functions of vitamins for effective health and medicine.

Takeaways

• 💊 Vitamin B5, also known as pantothenic acid, plays a crucial role in the production of coenzyme A (CoA), which is vital for various metabolic processes.
• 💧 Vitamin B5 is water-soluble, making toxicity unlikely as excess amounts are excreted by the kidneys.
• 🥬 Pantothenic acid is found in a wide variety of foods, making deficiency extremely rare.
• 🔄 Vitamin B5 is involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids, contributing to energy production.
• 🔋 Coenzyme A, derived from vitamin B5, is essential for the conversion of pyruvate into acetyl CoA, a step necessary for entering the TCA cycle.
• 🚫 The script humorously criticizes the inconsistent naming and labeling of vitamins on supplements, advocating for a more logical alphabetical system.
• 🔬 Roger Williams, an American chemist, is credited with the discovery of several vitamins, including vitamin B5 and vitamin B6, and the isolation of folic acid.
• 🌿 Vitamin B5 is synthesized by the human microbiome, further reducing the likelihood of deficiency.
• 🔄 Coenzyme A is central to both fatty acid synthesis and oxidation, processes regulated by insulin and glucagon.
• 💉 Symptoms of experimental pantothenic acid deficiency in animals include fatigue, growth issues, and dermatitis, but these symptoms have not been proven in humans.
• 📚 The script is part of a series educating on biochemistry, specifically focusing on vitamin B5 in this instance.

Q & A

What is Vitamin B5 also known as?

Vitamin B5 is also known as pantothenic acid.

Why is toxicity from Vitamin B5 unlikely?

Toxicity from Vitamin B5 is unlikely because it is a water-soluble vitamin, and any excessive amount is excreted by the kidneys.

What are the functions of Coenzyme A (CoA)?

Coenzyme A serves as a cofactor for enzymes and is involved in various biochemical reactions, including the conversion of pyruvate into acetyl CoA, fatty acid synthesis, and fatty acid oxidation.

What is the role of Vitamin B5 in the Krebs cycle?

Vitamin B5 helps in the conversion of pyruvate into acetyl CoA, which is a necessary step for pyruvate to enter the Krebs cycle and produce energy.

Why is Vitamin B5 important for fatty acid metabolism?

Vitamin B5 is crucial for fatty acid metabolism because it is needed to form CoA, which is required for both fatty acid synthesis and oxidation.

What does the term 'pantothenic' mean, and why is it relevant to Vitamin B5?

The term 'pantothenic' means 'from everywhere,' reflecting that Vitamin B5 can be found in nearly every food source. It is relevant because it indicates the widespread availability of this vitamin in various foods.

What are the symptoms of pantothenic acid deficiency in experimental animals?

In experimental animals, deficiency in pantothenic acid can lead to fatigue, growth issues, graying hair, dermatitis, and diarrhea.

Who discovered Vitamin B5 and what other contributions did he make to the field of chemistry?

Roger Williams discovered Vitamin B5. He also discovered Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine), lipoic acid, and folic acid. He isolated and named folic acid and identified biotin's role in preventing egg white injury.

How does Vitamin B5 contribute to the synthesis of fatty acids?

Vitamin B5 contributes to fatty acid synthesis by providing CoA, which is necessary for the formation of malonyl CoA, a key intermediate in the process.

What is the difference between pantothenic acid and pantothenate?

Pantothenic acid and pantothenate refer to the same compound, which is Vitamin B5. The term 'pantothenic acid' is often used to describe the free acid form, while 'panthothenate' may refer to its various salt forms.

How does Vitamin B5 assist in the conversion of glucose into energy?

Vitamin B5 aids in the conversion of glucose into energy by participating in the formation of CoA from pyruvate, which then enters the Krebs cycle to produce ATP.

Outlines

00:00

💊 Vitamin B5: Pantothenic Acid Overview

The speaker introduces the topic of Vitamin B5, also known as pantothenic acid, emphasizing its importance in various metabolic processes. A discount promotion for a course is mentioned, and the speaker highlights the water-soluble nature of Vitamin B5, which makes toxicity unlikely due to excretion by the kidneys. The speaker humorously points out the inconsistency in the naming and labeling of vitamins in stores, advocating for a more logical alphabetical system. They explain that pantothenic acid is found in nearly all foods, hence its name, and discuss its role in the production of coenzyme A (CoA), which is crucial for metabolism.

05:02

🔬 Coenzyme A Functions and Metabolism

This section delves into the functions of coenzyme A, detailing its role in converting pyruvate into acetyl-CoA, which is a critical step in the TCA cycle for energy production. The speaker also explains how CoA is necessary for both the synthesis and oxidation of fatty acids. The absorption of Vitamin B5 is discussed, noting that it is readily available from food and synthesized by the microbiome. The importance of CoA in various biochemical reactions is emphasized, including its necessity for enzymes like pyruvate dehydrogenase, which is part of the TCA cycle, and its role in the synthesis of neurotransmitters at the neuromuscular junction.

10:03

🏋️‍♂️ Muscle Contraction and Relaxation

The speaker discusses the role of acetylcholine in muscle contraction and relaxation, highlighting the enzyme choline acetyltransferase, which combines CoA with choline to form acetylcholine. The process by which acetylcholine is broken down by acetylcholinesterase is also explained. This section covers the treatment of myasthenia gravis with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and the broader implications of CoA in cholesterol synthesis, ketone body formation, and fatty acid elongation.

15:05

🍽️ Fatty Acid Synthesis and Insulin's Role

This paragraph focuses on the process of fatty acid synthesis, which requires CoA and is therefore linked to Vitamin B5. The speaker outlines the steps of fatty acid synthesis, including the citrate shuttle, acetyl-CoA carboxylation, and the action of the fatty acid synthase complex. The role of insulin in promoting fatty acid synthesis is discussed, contrasting it with the action of glucagon, which inhibits this process. The speaker emphasizes the importance of understanding these processes for appreciating the role of insulin and glucagon in energy storage and utilization.

20:05

🚫 Fatty Acid Oxidation and Vitamin B5 Deficiency

The final paragraph covers fatty acid oxidation, which is the breakdown of fatty acids for energy, particularly during fasting. The speaker outlines the steps of fatty acid oxidation and contrasts this process with fatty acid synthesis. The potential for CoA to be involved in both ketone body formation and breakdown is highlighted. The speaker summarizes the importance of Vitamin B5 and its rarity in deficiency, mentioning potential symptoms in experimental animals. The paragraph concludes with a brief history of the discovery of Vitamin B5 and related compounds by Roger Williams and ends with a call to action for viewers to engage with the content and the speaker's courses.

Keywords

💡Vitamin B5

Vitamin B5, also known as pantothenic acid, is a water-soluble vitamin essential for the human body. It plays a crucial role in the production of coenzyme A, which is vital for various metabolic processes. In the video, Vitamin B5 is highlighted for its rarity in deficiency and toxicity, emphasizing its safety and importance in maintaining health.

💡Coenzyme A

Coenzyme A (CoA) is a crucial molecule involved in numerous biochemical reactions, particularly in the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. It is derived from Vitamin B5 and is central to the video's discussion on the role of Vitamin B5 in energy production and metabolism.

💡Metabolism

Metabolism refers to the set of life-sustaining chemical reactions in organisms. In the context of the video, metabolism is discussed in relation to the role of Vitamin B5 and Coenzyme A in aiding the body's energy production through the breakdown and synthesis of nutrients.

💡Water-soluble vitamin

Water-soluble vitamins are those that dissolve easily in water and are not stored in the body's tissues. They must be replenished regularly through diet. Vitamin B5 is an example of a water-soluble vitamin, and the video emphasizes that its excess is unlikely to cause toxicity due to its easy excretion by the kidneys.

💡B-complex vitamins

B-complex vitamins are a group of water-soluble vitamins that play important roles in cell metabolism and energy production. The video mentions several B-complex vitamins, including B1 (thiamine), B2 (riboflavin), and B3 (niacin), and discusses their functions and the importance of a balanced intake.

💡Fatty acid oxidation

Fatty acid oxidation is a process where fatty acids are broken down to produce energy. The video explains that Coenzyme A, derived from Vitamin B5, is necessary for this process, linking the vitamin's role to energy production during fasting or periods of high energy demand.

💡Fatty acid synthesis

Fatty acid synthesis is the biological process of creating fatty acids from acetyl-CoA. The video discusses how Vitamin B5 aids in this process, highlighting its importance in energy storage and the body's ability to prepare for periods of energy scarcity.

💡Acetylcholine

Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter that plays a crucial role in muscle contraction and nerve communication. The video mentions acetylcholine in the context of Coenzyme A's role in forming this essential compound for neuromuscular function.

💡Pyruvate dehydrogenase

Pyruvate dehydrogenase is an enzyme complex that requires Coenzyme A as a cofactor. It is involved in the conversion of pyruvate into acetyl-CoA, a key step in the energy production pathway. The video uses this enzyme to illustrate the practical application of Vitamin B5 in cellular metabolism.

💡Ketone bodies

Ketone bodies are water-soluble molecules that are produced during the breakdown of fatty acids in the liver. The video discusses how the process of ketone body formation, which can be influenced by Coenzyme A, is an alternative energy source for the brain when glucose is scarce.

💡Ashwagandha

Ashwagandha is a medicinal herb used in traditional Indian medicine. The video script mentions it as a supplement that can be paired with Vitamin B5 for certain health benefits, although it is not the main focus of the video.

Highlights

Vitamin B5, also known as pantothenic acid, is essential for metabolism and acts as a cofactor for enzymes.

Vitamin B5 helps produce coenzyme A, which is vital for various biochemical processes.

Pantothenic acid is water-soluble, making toxicity unlikely due to the body's ability to excrete excess amounts.

Deficiency in pantothenic acid is extremely rare, highlighting its abundance in typical diets.

Vitamin B5 is part of the B complex, which includes B1 (thiamine), B2 (riboflavin), and B3 (niacin).

The speaker humorously critiques the inconsistent naming and labeling of vitamins in stores.

Pantothenic acid is found in every food item, which explains its rarity in deficiency.

Vitamin B5 is crucial for converting pyruvate into acetyl CoA, a step necessary for entering the TCA cycle.

Coenzyme A, derived from vitamin B5, is essential for both fatty acid synthesis and oxidation.

The absorption of vitamin B5 is straightforward, as it is found in a wide variety of foods.

Vitamin B5 plays a role in the synthesis of acetylcholine, which is important for neuromuscular function.

The speaker discusses the role of CoA in the TCA cycle, energy production, and the interconversion of nutrients.

Vitamin B5 is necessary for the proper functioning of several key enzymes, including pyruvate dehydrogenase.

The importance of CoA in fatty acid synthesis is emphasized, as it helps in the elongation of fatty acids.

Insulin promotes fatty acid synthesis, while glucagon inhibits it, illustrating the interplay of hormones and vitamin function.

Vitamin B5 aids in the conversion of glucose into energy during the feeding state, and in breaking down fat during fasting.

Beta-oxidation, a process for breaking down fatty acids, is discussed in the context of energy production during fasting.

Roger Williams, who discovered vitamin B5 and other vitamins and cofactors, is acknowledged for his contributions.

The speaker provides a comprehensive summary of vitamin B5's roles, including its involvement in energy production and lipid metabolism.

The difference between pantothenic acid and pantothenate is posed as a question to engage viewers.

The speaker invites viewers to subscribe, hit the bell, and join the channel for more educational content.

Transcripts

hey it's me ragosa's per fiction annals

where medicine makes perfect sense and

today we'll talk about vitamin b5

pantothenic acid baby so let's get

started for two days only you can get a

50% discount towards mycotic for mikkel

G course use the promo code cardio form

15 at MiraCosta spur fiction is calm

only 5 left

you want to try a sample first go to

medicos is perfectionist calm vitamins

are essential you have to eat them in

the diet they aid in metabolism they are

cofactors for enzymes and vitamin b5 is

no exception it will give you coenzyme a

and coenzyme a sh the famous co ashe

vitamin b5 it's a water-soluble vitamin

therefore toxicity is very unlikely why

because any excessive amount will be

excreted by your kidney deficiency is

more likely theoretically but actually

with pantothenic acid deficiency is

extremely rare so deficiency is rare

toxicity Israel that's amazing B complex

b1 is time in b2 is riboflavin and b3 is

nice and we have talked about them in

previous videos in my playlist called

biochemistry honestly I wanted to make a

video about vitamin before but vitamin

before does not exist

so after serious thought and

contemplation have made the hard

decision which is to talk about vitamin

b5 today pantothenic acid let me tell

you about something that drives me nuts

I went to the store to get some vitamins

ok and look at this

where is pantothenic acid pantothenic

acid is right here where is vitamin b1

vitamin b1 is thiamine and it's right

here but this is really really ugly i

know i'll tell you why because thiamine

is b1 so instead of writing fireman and

pantothenic acid why don't you a bunch

of doofuses do it like this vitamin A

first is number one who starts with 2

carbohydrate on a bottle of vitamin who

goes to the store oh I'm actually

worried about my carbohydrate intake let

me go get some vitamins oh shut up

started alphabetically baby so vitamin A

is number one and then you go with

vitamin b1 which is thiamine vitamin b2

which is riboflavin b3 which is nice and

beef

or doesn't exist b5 which is pantothenic

acid and then basics which is pyridoxine

b7 is freaking biotin b9 is folate but

to be honest you should write it as

folic acid because folate is natural

folic acid is artificial know that I

care but it's just a tiny bit and ABC

vitamin C and then you go with D which

is act the form so it's gonna be d3 mr.

Kelsey try yo like this look at the

beauty and you become organized like a

normal human being not like this garbage

I really don't know who is to blame is

this like a government regulation that

regulates you have to do it like this or

is it the fact that the formas is to

actually make the freakin drug is

different than the marketing team who

designed this freaking thing someone

needs to get their act together man I'm

a little OCD so please forgive me okay

when you go to the store and you get

some bread okay let's do it nice and

that's b3 Simon that's me one riboflavin

that's b2 folic acid that's b9 whereas

pantothenic acid oh it's not there

hey Walmart I need my money back Oh calm

down calm down before some safety

Crusaders raid the store lemme explain

pantothenic the word literally means

from everywhere he can find vitamin b5

literally in every food so even a former

did not fortify the bread with

pantothenic acid you will be okay so

chill your butt down panto means all

that's why the word pen to mine means

all communication you're supposed to

communicate everything without using

words cenek means strength that's why

the word hypo stay Nia what does high

Postini mean hypo means low St Nia means

strength so low strength it's like

thrombus tinea of platelets trumbo

platelets asthenia is weakness because a

means no asthenia is strength

so pantothenic all strength which means

from everywhere so if the exam question

says please mention all of the food

sources of vitamin b5 if you write any

food that you know like anything you

will be correct meat fish fruits

vegetable seeds

from everywhere baby why the flip doing

in vitamin b5 to get coenzyme a co a and

co enzyme a sh

this is goings I'm a this is a thigh

you'll grow because thio means sulfur

artificial sources as you know enriched

food or vitamin b-complex supplements

like the stupid bottle that I got from

the store a vitamin b5 deficiency is

extremely rare vitamin b5 toxicity is

also extremely rare thank God

médicos is by you tips b1 is time and

decarboxylation baby B 2 is riboflavin

redox reactions baby b3 reduction

oxidation again b5 will give you

coenzyme a what is the function of coins

I mean lots of functions pyruvate into a

Saluki needs Kawai whereas fight of it

coming from it came from glucose hashtag

glycolysis remember in glycolysis

glucose becomes pyruvate and then

pyruvate wants to enter the TCA cycle

but for it to enter this choice belt has

to become as soak wafers and you need Co

a to be added to pyruvate so that can

give you a Satoko a also if you want to

destroy and break down fat in other

words to convert the fatty acid to small

molecules of acetyl co a you need Co a

and if you want to build up fat fatty

acid synthesis or fatty acid elongation

of long chains or like short chains into

long chains you also need Co a so

whether you're talking about fatty acid

synthesis or fatty acid oxidation either

one requires Co a you can think b5 we

love Estill Co a because it can enter

into the TCA cycle in the mitochondria

and give us energy vitamin b5 absorption

is pretty straightforward you literally

eat anything and it has vitamin b5 also

your lovely bacterial microbiome will

add some vitamin b5 to you absorbed boom

you habit so bandhasana guys would it

come from it came from beta alanine and

and too weak acid leading to a

pantothenic acid which is an amide

remember the famous three enzymes that

required 5 cofactors one of the five

cofactors were Co ash which came from

vitamin b5 or pantothenic remember the

mnemonic Teflon company T is time and F

is riboflavin F ad l as a lipoic acid n

is

ad from niacin or b3 co is co ash from

b5 Panasonic baby

what are these enzymes that need five

cofactors pyruvate dehydrogenase

alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase

branched-chain alpha-keto acid

dehydrogenase let's start with pyruvate

dehydrogenase co h carbohydrate glucose

in glycolysis becomes pyruvate by

pyruvate dehydrogenase becomes a slave

we love as look why because it can

become TCA cycle energy there is another

reason why we love Estill Co a it can

become fat hashtag fatty acid synthesis

cool pyruvate dehydrogenase the five

cofactors you can thank b5 here is just

another simplistic version carbohydrate

glucose pyruvate pyruvate dehydrogenase

acetyl co a into the TCA cycle equals

ATP whether you eat carbohydrates

proteins or lipids they will end up as

acetyl co a whether he ate the bun that

she is or vomit in the burger you will

end up as a Zuko a into the TCA cycle

energy so we are done with the first

enzyme which was pyruvate dehydrogenase

to talk about the second enzyme alpha

ketoglutarate dehydrogenase it's here

baby and it requires five cofactors coax

you can think b5 what is the TCA cycle s

leuco a enters citrate to isocitrate

alpha ketoglutarate succinylcholine 8

femur eight malade oxaloacetate back to

acetyl co a we are done with the first

enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase the second

enzyme was alpha keto glutamate

dehydrogenase the third enzyme is

branched-chain alpha-keto acid

dehydrogenase part of the proteins so we

eat proteins they become amino acid

let's say that the amino acid is

loosened it requires branched-chain

alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase to become

a sloka atc it's like money leucine is

an amino acid you can call this enzyme

branched chain amino acid dehydrogenase

or branched-chain alpha-keto acid

dehydrogenase become whatever and then s

okay thank you so much however bad news

it can become a co acetic acid which is

a ketone body can lead to high anion gap

metabolic acidosis in high anion gap

metabolic acidosis your pH is low your

bicarbonate is also low but the lung is

trying to compensate Hey we have

acidosis here let's get rid of the acid

that I can get rid of which is co2

so pco2 will also be low as a

compensation how about the anion gap

it's called high anion gap metabolic

acidosis so the anion gap will be low

why do we love acetyl co a because it's

towards the TCA cycle remember Estill Co

a enters saturate isocitrate alpha

ketoglutarate succinylcholine

succinate from rate malate oxaloacetate

back to a silicon a yep it's doozy it

also forms a so choline so you get the

Estill Co a from here acetyl co a plus

choline and we'll give you the great

acetone choline which is needed at the

neuromuscular Junction here is the nerve

ending here is your lovely muscle the

nerve is talking to the muscle how does

the nerve talk to the muscle by

secreting a so choline thanks to calcium

who ruptured the vesicles ahsoka we in

here into the cleft it's binding to as

the choline a receptor and this is

heavier muscle contracts who is the

enzyme that's responsible for combining

SL co a with choline to form acetyl co a

it's called choline acetyltransferase

choline acetyltransferase love it and

then the SL choline binds the receptor

thank you we contract the muscle okay

would you leave your muscle contraction

no this is called the right guru mortis

you're dead you gotta relax the muscle

man how do you relax this muscle beat

the living crap of the acyl co we break

it down baby how do you break down the

acetylcholine it's called a still

choline esterase

and then it will give you choline and

acidic acid or acetate all right cool if

you have a patient who suffers from

myasthenia gravis so myasthenia gravis

the acyl choline is not functioning

because of the receptor is toast because

of the o2 antibody we would like to

prolong the action of a Sokoli so

prevent its degradation by giving a

group of medication known as the acyl

choline is trace inhibitors such as

neostigmine pi reduced egg mean etc what

else has to occur a escalation reaction

EF you need to ask you tell something

you can call acetyl co a cholesterol

synthesis your testes needed

and your ovaries and your adrenals

ketone body formation za baby when you

don't have glucose or carbohydrate the

next step is to make ketone buds your

brain love ketone bodies but to be

honest your brain loves glucose more

elongation of fatty acid this is called

fatty acid synthesis we're trying to

build up fat not to break down the fat

how do you build a fat you need a

Sissoko a and another friend called Melo

Nilka a and s loco a is needed to be

converted into melon okay then the melon

milk away together with the acetyl co a

will combine to each other to elongate

the fatty acid

whenever you see Co as you can thank a

vitamin b5 Co a coenzyme a also known as

Co acetylase sh is the file group b6 is

also needed let's talk about fatty acid

synthesis because we need coenzyme a so

we need a vitamin b5 which is

pantothenic diet you either eat

carbohydrate protein or fat fat contain

triglycerides when you break them down

Jeff goes through and free fatty acid if

you have enough energy let's store some

energy for a rainy day let's store the

fatty s and how would you store the

fatty acid would like to elongate them

and make them big make them big

molecules and then store them into add a

post or into the liver whatever you want

to store them at so first you need to

even gave them and this process called

fatty acid synthesis fatty acid

synthesis let's do it we need three

steps citrate shuttle Estill Co a

carboxylate and fatty acid synthase

let's start with the citrate oh you know

that TCA cycle yeah as sue : n citrate

isocitrate of Fekete ogler we get it so

it has citrate cool citrate we'll take a

shuttle from within the mitochondria to

the cytosol outside of the mitochondria

let's go visit Rachel number one is done

thank you so much now citrate is free

from the tyranny of the mighty

mitochondria then we will break the

citrate down hashtag citrate lyase lysis

baby now we have a Satoko a a Satoko a

will need to support a friend called

melanin co a so this is step number two

Asuka a carboxylate lets carboxylate the

s

we'll go into Mellon Alcoa and step

number two is done as Lucca a

carboxylase then the Mellon malko a will

return the favor to his friend soql they

will combine together they can need some

help from vitamin b5 or Panasonic acid

and this enzyme is called the fatty acid

synthase complex it needs pantothenic

baby and now we have the Palmetto Alcoa

which is a fatty acid but it's long it

has lots of carbons mission accomplished

fatty acid synthesis is in the books

whenever you see coenzyme a look at this

citrate and news s co a here and then we

have s local a methanol po a whenever

you see co a you can think pantothenic

acid om Hillary Clinton I mean I am

insolent and I approve this message

why would insulin approve the fatty acid

synthesis I'll tell you why what's the

purpose of insulin is it to build up

stuff or to destroy stuff it's to build

up stuff what do you mean I mean it's to

build up proteins it's to build effect

what do you mean by build up fat I mean

store the fat elongate the fat

synthesize the fat you mean like the

opposite of break down the fat exactly

so insulin loves for you to build up fat

it loves fatty acid synthesis that's why

insulin will stimulate the fatty acid

synthesis process how about glucagon

know glucagon is the opposite Google gon

will inhibit the fatty acid synthesis

let me tell you something else

why does answering lower the glucose

level in your blood because insulin will

suggest that the glucose enters into the

cell because we need to build up stuff

in the cell not to destroy it and become

governor no no the opposite baby will

need to get it into the cell so that we

can build up carbohydrate that's why

medicine makes so much sense once you

understand what the flip you're talking

about same thing insulin will tell the

cell hey you took some glucose do you

need some fatty acids with them oh yeah

let me alone gave them and then store

them Thank You insulin this happens in

the feeding state when you are full you

have tons of energy let's save and store

some energy for a rainy day

hashtag feeding state but how about the

fasting state I'm stranded in the desert

I'm hungry I'm starving oh let's break

down some fat which we have stored

before for a rainy day

and let's oxidize the fat to give you

some energy cool man I mean how do you

do it it's called beta oxidation so beta

oxidation is like breaking down the fat

into a slim ko a hashtag energy indeed

meat actually is breaking down the fat

so let's talk about fatty acid oxidation

you eat fat it has triglyceride by

hormone-sensitive lipase it becomes

glycerol and fatty acid cholesterol has

a pathway we don't care about it right

now

fatty acid have another pathway beta

oxidation there is also alpha oxidation

and Omega oxygen I know nerd shut up

we're focusing on beta oxidation now

acid SoCo is here enters in please see a

cycle give us energy but I have bad news

it can also become ketone bodies raising

the anion gap and causing metabolic

acidosis fatty acid oxidation now we are

not trying to build up fat we're trying

to destroy the fat break down the fat

oxidation baby three steps again

activation carnitine shuttle not to be

confused with the citrate shuttle of the

fatty acid synthesis and beta oxidation

of even sea change wherever so here is

the deal you eats fat triglycerides goes

through and fatty as fatty acid will

float in the blood but it's bound to

albumin how would you get that fatty

acid to become energy here is the deal

we need three steps first activation

let's do it fatty acid Kawai synthase

fatty acyl Co a so fatty acyl coil

that's brilliant that's what we mean by

activation step one is in the books to

carnitine shuttle let's shuttle the

fatty acyl Co a from the cytoplasm into

the mitochondria which is the opposite

of fatty acid oxidation does anyone

remember we shuttled the citrate from

within the mitochondria to without cool

30s Alcoa is now in the mitochondria and

step two is now in the mitochondria step

three beta oxidation acetyl co a ooh

that's the purpose of beta oxidation

which will give you energy and sometimes

some ketones I am NOT insulin glucagon

and I approved this message

hashtag fasting state because when

you're fasting you're trying to destroy

and break down the fat into energy

because you're starving in the Sahara

Desert let's summarize the vitamin b5

will give you co ACO a is necessary for

s luke away and we have talked about the

functions of s okay also suck smoke away

remember this is part of the TCA cycle

it can also help you make him and you

mean you need him for hemoglobin in the

red blood cells also to break down

ketones hashtag keto lysis which is not

to be confused with ketogenesis

this is for a slick way so whether

you're trying to make ketones or break

down ketones Co a can help thank you so

much pantothenic acid also lipid

metabolism

whether it's fatty acid synthesis or

fatty acid oxidation vitamin b5

deficiency pantothenic acid baby

deficiency is extremely rare a

deficiency syndrome hasn't been proven

in humans symptoms in experimental

animals fatigue growth and

graying hair dermatitis which makes

sense because this is another vitamin B

remember vitamin b3 which was nice and

diarrhea dermatitis dementia yep as well

as fad ulam so does that mean that these

symptoms are gonna be seen in humans not

necessarily maybe maybe not for instance

when they inject rats or mice with a

huge amount of vitamin C some of them

develop bladder cancer of course this is

not true in human beings otherwise all

of the Instagram influencers will lose

their jobs ash tank vitamin C hashtag

immunity hey shut up Roger Williams born

in India became the top chemist in

University of Texas at Austin and then

became the president of the American

Chemical Society who are these people

and what do they do for a living

he discovered vitamin b5 pantothenic

vitamin b6 pyridoxine

lipoic acid one of the five cofactors

for pyruvate dehydrogenase alpha

ketoglutarate arose branched-chain

alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase also

evident which avidly

binds biotin and prevents the absorption

causing of item

p7 deficiency also he isolated and named

folic acid thank you so much sir look at

this

this is classic male pattern alopecia a

vitamin b5 in a nutshell so here is

pantothenic acid literally means from

everywhere it's found in every food and

then coenzyme 8 if you'd like to make

part of it in s Luke away and an energy

I will help you fatty acid degradation

hash tag beta oxidation of freaking

healthy fatty acid synthesis and

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pantothenic acid and pen to thin Nate

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