EU Targets Apple, Google, Meta With New Investigation
Summary
TLDRデジタル市場法(DMA)は、技術生態系において「ゲートキーパー」とみなされる大企業を狙った規制法です。この法は、法律が技術の進歩に追い付いていないと感じたEUによって制定され、不適切と思われる行動を是正することを目的としています。DMAは最近施行され、EUでは初の執行段階にあります。新法により、企業は10%の収益を罰金として支払う可能性があり、規制に従わない限り繰り返し課せられる可能性があります。Appleはこの法の影響を受け、EUにおける30%の手数料を廃止しましたが、他のサービスの成長により損失を補填しています。
Takeaways
- 📜 デジタル市場法(DMA)は、技術生態系において「ゲートキーパー」とみなされる大企業を対象とした法案です。
- 🔍 ゲートキーパーの基準は、収益やEU内のユーザー数など、いくつかの要件に基づいています。
- 🚀 DMAは技術的な進歩と法律の間にのギャップを埋めるために制定され、不適切と思われる特定の行動を規制することを目的としています。
- 📅 法案はすでに成立しており、現在は企業が法律に適合するように指導と制約を強化する段階にあります。
- 💰 罰金は企業の収益の10%に達し、継続的な違反により罰金が再課される可能性があります。
- 🍎 Appleは最近、EUの圧力に対して応じ、開発者に対する30%の手数料を廃止しましたが、その影響を補う方法を探っています。
- 💼 Appleのサービス部門はGoogleからの検索エンジンの収益やApple TV、Apple Musicなどから利益を上げていますが、App Storeの影響は限定的です。
- 🆕 Appleは新しい製品カテゴリやサービスを通じて収益を増加させることを試みています。
- 🔄 過去のEUの罰金や調査では、アメリカの大企業が軽減したことがありますが、今回はAppleに特に影響が大きいと感じられています。
- 🔍 もしAppleが反垄断規制の標的となり、企業文化が変化すると、新しいヒット商品の開発能力が損なわれる恐れがあります。
- 📈 他の大企業如きGoogleやAmazonも同様のリスクにさらされる可能性があり、EU委員会の容量が限られているため、時間とリソースが配分されることになります。
Q & A
デジタル市場法(DMA)はどのようなことを目指していたか?
-DMAは、技術生態系において「ゲートキーパー」とされる大企業を対象に設定された法規です。これは、法律が技術の発展に追い付かず、ヨーロッパ連合が受け入れたいと思っていないと感じている特定の行動を規制することを目的としています。
DMAが法的に成立してからどのくらい経過しているか?
-法案はすでに成立してしばらくの時間が経過していますが、今回が実際に法を適用し始めた初めてです。
DMAによって、企業に求められる主な基準は何ですか?
-DMAによって、企業がゲートキーパーとなるかどうかを判断する基準として、例えば市場規模が500億ドル以上であることや、ユーザ数がヨーロッパ連合内で一定数を超えていることなどが挙げられます。
DMAの適用が始まった理由は何ですか?
-DMAの適用が始まった理由は、法律が技術の変化に追い付いておらず、ヨーロッパ連合が受け入れたいと思っていない行動が存在したためです。
DMAの適用によって、企業にどのような影響があるか?
-DMAの適用によって、企業は従来のビジネスモデルに従っている場合、法規に違反している可能性があるため、行動を修正する必要があります。
Appleが直面している問題点は何ですか?
-Appleは、現在成長が鈍化しており、売上高は減少傾向にあるため、収益の問題に直面しています。また、独占禁止の規制によって、企業文化が変化し、新しいヒット商品を開発する能力が低下する可能性があります。
Appleが30%の手数料を廃止した背景には何があるか?,
-Appleは、DMAの適用によって圧力を受け、30%の手数料を廃止しましたが、完全に廃止ではなく、減額にとどめています。これは、App Storeだけでなく、Googleからの収入やApple TV、Apple Musicなどからの収益が増加しているためです。
Appleが新たな製品カテゴリーを開発することの重要性は何ですか?
-Appleが新たな製品カテゴリーを開発することは、企業の成長戦略の一部であり、収益の減少を補う方法としても重要です。
DMAが適用されることで、他のテクノロジー企業にもどのような影響があるか?
-DMAの適用はAppleに集中しているものの、GoogleやMeta(旧Facebook)もターゲットになります。ただし、ヨーロッパ委員会の容量が限られているため、他の企業への影響は後で現れる可能性があります。
Appleが直面している問題が他のテクノロジー企業とはどう違うか?
-Appleが直面している問題は、他のテクノロジー企業とは異なり、成長が鈍化し、法規制の対象となり、企業文化が変化する可能性があるという点で異なります。
Appleの将来展望についてどう考えられるか?
-Appleは売上高の減少や法規制の圧力に直面していますが、新しい製品カテゴリーの開発や既存のサービスの成長により、将来の展望は依然として明るいと考えられます。
Outlines
📜 デジタルマーケット法の紹介とアップルへの影響
デジタルマーケット法(DMA)は、主に大手テック企業を対象としており、彼らがゲートキーパーとしての役割を果たしているかを基準にしています。この法律は、技術的な進展に法律が追いついていないという認識のもと、EU内でのユーザー数や75億ドル以上の資本など特定の基準を満たす企業に適用されます。DMAは、これらの企業が法律に準拠するように促すことを目的とし、適合しない場合には、企業収入の10%に相当する罰金を課すことができます。このアプローチは、行動の変化を促すことに重点を置いており、特にアップルは、App Storeからの30%の手数料を撤廃するなど、すでに対応を始めています。しかし、アップルのビジネスモデルや新製品の開発能力に与える影響はまだ不透明です。
🔍 アップルへの特別な焦点とEUの影響力の限界
DMAの影響を受ける中で、アップルは特にその文化とビジネスモデルが根本的に問われています。EUのアプローチは、GoogleやMeta(旧Facebook)など他の大手テック企業にも影響を及ぼしますが、現時点でアップルが最も注目され、議論の対象となっていることが指摘されています。これは、EU委員会が持つ限られた資源と対象となる企業を選択する際の戦略的な決定によるものです。アップルの事例は、そのグローバルなビジネス戦略と成長の見通しにとって重要な時期に来ており、この法律的な挑戦は、同社にとって文化的な変化だけでなく、将来の製品開発への影響をもたらす可能性があります。
Mindmap
Keywords
💡DMA
💡Gatekeepers
💡Big Tech
💡European Union
💡Antitrust
💡Fines
💡Apple's 30% Commission
💡Revenue
💡Cultural Change
💡New Product Categories
💡Global Presence
Highlights
The Digital Markets Act (DMA) targets so-called 'gatekeepers' in the tech ecosystem.
Gatekeepers are determined by criteria such as a market capitalization of over $75 billion and the number of EU users.
The DMA was created to address the perceived inadequacy of existing laws in keeping pace with the rapidly evolving tech landscape.
The legislation aims to correct unacceptable behaviors by big tech companies as identified by the European Union.
The DMA has become law and is now being enforced, with a focus on bringing tech companies into compliance.
Penalties for non-compliance can be up to 10% of a company's revenue and can be repeated until adherence to the law is achieved.
In the past, fines imposed on big tech by European authorities were seen as insignificant by the companies.
The current enforcement actions by the EU may be different, with potentially meaningful fines and a focus on behavioral changes.
Apple has recently removed the 30% commission on developers, although it has not been completely scrapped.
Services have become a larger part of Apple's revenue, with income from Google and the rise of Apple TV and Apple Music.
Apple's growth has been challenged, with revenue showing signs of shrinkage despite bottom-line growth.
Regulatory scrutiny can lead to cultural changes within a company, potentially affecting innovation and product development.
Apple may be disproportionately affected by the DMA, facing cultural shifts at a time when its business model is under pressure.
While Apple is currently in the spotlight, other tech giants like Google, Meta (Facebook), and Amazon are also potential targets for the EU.
The European Commission has limited capacity to investigate and enforce regulations against tech companies.
Despite the current focus on Apple, other tech companies should expect to come under scrutiny in the future.
Transcripts
Alex let's start with the dma and then
we can get into the specifics of the
difficulties around Apple over the last
week the digital markets act what was it
set out to accomplish how was it brought
into law and what are the objectives
this morning based on what you've
heard so broadly speaking it targets
what it deems Gatekeepers um in the in
the tech ecosystem and there are a
number of criteria which determine
whether something is a gatekeeper the
kind of engineered really to Target the
big tech companies we know about and we
include Tik Tok in that it's things like
cap perhaps more than $75 billion do the
number of users they have in the
European Union all of these U criteria
that were laid out about three four of
them uh plus eight different categories
are aimed at targeting these companies
now essentially it was put together
because it didn't seem as though the law
was keeping Pace with the technological
landscape that there were certain
behaviors that the European Parliament
the European Union didn't think were uh
acceptable and so they sort of reverse
engineered the legislation in order to
correct that now that legislation came
into act a little while ago this is the
first time we're really seeing they've
given them a little bit of time to you
know catch up with the law now they're
starting to will the stick and and and
bring them into line on issues where
they suspect they may not have fully
adhered to the letter of the law so Alex
in Years Gone by we've heard plenty of
complaints from the Europeans about us
Tech and often where we end up further
down the road is maybe a fine in line
with something like 5 minutes revenue
from some of these companies Alex is
this going to be different do you sense
this is different this
time what we've seen in the past you
know is Big fines right that is not
necessarily the behavioral solutions
that really change a companies as you
would expect Behavior now this looks as
though it's really targeting the
behaviors and the the scope of those
fines is potentially meaningful it's 10%
of a company's revenue and can be
repeated until they fall into line it's
different from what we've seen last week
in the US where uh the justice
department looked at a range of things
ptain to Apple here the European
commission marara Vaya is being very
targeted it seems on at Le at least in
this first sort of Parry or first um
thrust into what they are targeting and
and it's very discret parts of those
businesses which suggests they might
have thought about it a little bit more
carefully we already see Apple getting
rid of the 30% commission it's imposed
on De developers what can they do to
make up some of these losses um when
they're facing things like they are in
the
EU well they've scrapped this 30% but
they haven't necessarily scrapped it
entirely they've just reduced it and
when we look at what how much of Apple's
total business that is it isn't me you
know that meaningful of course Services
overall have become a far larger part of
Apple's uh Revenue but a lot of that is
to do with things like the amount of
money they get from Google in order to
make it the uh preferred search engine
it's to do with the rise of Apple TV
plus it's to do with apple music it's
not just uh the App Store now when it
comes to how they then offset some of
that well there will be a bit of a
decline the real thing you know as
everybody's been talking about is new
product categories right and like that
is something they have been trying not
least in services and of course with
Vision Pro this thing in of itself is
not a massive slice of Apple's Revenue
as John mentioned Alex I think that it's
important to double down on this idea
that in the past we saw EU types of
fines and probes into the big Tech
Giants of the United States everyone
just kind of shrugged and said it's
going to be a rounding error it's not
going to be that substantial how much is
this time different just because in
particular for Apple just because of
everything that's happened not just with
the Department of Justice but also given
the overhang with China and some of the
Slowdown that we saw in sales
there yeah I think you kind of point at
this two or three things that are making
this perhaps a little bit different
firstly of course that apple is starting
to stutter a little bit when it comes to
growth it is still managing to grow at
bottom line but on on when it comes to
revenue it seems to be shrinking a
little bit now that is something that is
harder to fix if you then have the
second thing that I'm going to get on to
which is this broader fear that if you
are constantly in the crosshairs of
antitrust of regulators then as a
company your culture can change a little
bit and you start second guessing
yourself do we want want to do this or
are we going to get ourselves in trouble
I don't want to put this in email cuz
maybe I'm going to be subpoenaed this is
the sort of thing that we saw at
Microsoft 20 25 years ago it took them
some time to recover from that of course
Microsoft did recover from that they are
now the biggest company in the world by
market capitalization but it did change
the culture there and the way that has
been well documented that is now the big
fear with apple whether it starts to
chip away at their ability to come up
with these new blockbuster products just
to put a bow on it is this more of an
apple story and less of an all of the
big Tech story that that are being
targeted right now by the EU simply
because there is this feeling that
they're going to be disproportionately
affected with culture changes at a time
where their business model is being
fundamentally challenged in terms of its
Global
presence I think the stakes for Apple
right now feel a little bit higher that
doesn't mean that the Google and meta or
alphabet and meta aren't going to be
targeted at all there's also she was
talking about Amazon 2 the thing you do
have to remember though is that the
European commission only has so much
capacity you know they don't have
hundreds of people working on this stuff
it is the relatively small teams
actually so uh if Apple's the one
gaining the headlines right now and it's
the one that she's spending the most
time talking about you could probably
well expect this where they're going to
be spending a lot of their time and
attention that doesn't mean that the
others won't come into the firing line
at some stage a little bit further down
the line
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