ARTS Grade 9 (1st Quarter MAPEH)-Western Classical Art Sculptures of Medieval, Renaissance & Baroque

Summary

This art history module delves into ancient to medieval sculptures, covering prehistoric, Egyptian, Greek, Roman, Byzantine, Romanesque, and Gothic periods. It highlights key sculptures like the Queen and Fertitti, Pharaoh Menkaure, Venus of Willendorf, and the Discobulus by Myron. The module explores materials, symbolism, and techniques, emphasizing the evolution from religious to more humanistic themes and the transition from simple to elaborate carvings, reflecting cultural shifts over time.

Takeaways

• 🎨 **Art Module 2 Overview**: This module continues the exploration of arts, focusing on sculptures from ancient classical and medieval periods, specifically lessons 4 to 6.
• 🗓️ **Timeline of Art Periods**: The module covers art from the Prehistoric and Egyptian era (1.5 million BC to 2000 BC), Greek and Roman art (2000 BC to 400 BC), and Byzantine, Romanesque, and Gothic periods (400 BC to 1480 AD).
• 🗿 **Lesson 4 - Early Age Sculptures**: Discusses the use of symbolic elements in prehistoric and Egyptian sculptures, with materials varying by region and a belief that some sculptures are results of natural erosion.
• 📜 **Egyptian Hieroglyphics**: Egyptian sculptures heavily used symbolism, including hieroglyphics, to represent gods and communicate, as exemplified by the carvings in caves.
• 👑 **Sculptures of Royal Figures**: Examples include the sculpture of Queen Nefertiti and Pharaoh Menkaure, highlighting the use of limestone and the portrayal of power and authority.
• 🌱 **Prehistoric Symbolism**: The Venus of Willendorf and the Venus of Brassempouy represent early symbolic sculptures, often linked to fertility and the human form.
• 🏛️ **Lesson 5 - Classical Period Sculptures**: Greek sculptures emphasized the perfection and proportion of the human body, while Roman sculptures focused on religious art and realistic individual characteristics.
• 🏺 **Greek and Roman Masterpieces**: Notable sculptures include Myron's Discobolus and the Puerto Natural Sarcophagus, showcasing the dramatic representation of movement and battle scenes.
• ⛪ **Lesson 6 - Medieval Period Sculptures**: Byzantine, Romanesque, and Gothic sculptures were predominantly religious and architectural, with a focus on cathedral sculptures.
• 🗝️ **Techniques and Materials**: Byzantine sculptures often used carved ivory, Romanesque employed sunken relief, and Gothic sculptures reflected the power of barons through cathedral art.
• 📝 **Module Activities**: Students are encouraged to engage with the material through online activities or answer sheets, facilitating a deeper understanding of the art periods discussed.

Q & A

What is the focus of the second module in arts?

The focus of the second module in arts is on different sculptures made during the ancient classical and medieval art periods, continuing from module 1.

What is the timeline of the art periods discussed in the second module?

The timeline includes Prehistoric and Egyptian art from 1.5 million BC to 2000 BC, Greek and Roman art from 2000 BC to 400 BC, and Byzantine, Romanesque, and Gothic art from 400 BC to 1480.

What are the key elements of Egyptian sculpture according to the script?

Egyptian sculpture heavily used symbolic elements such as forms, hieroglyphics, relative size, location, materials, color, actions, and gestures to represent gods.

What is the significance of the sculpture of Queen Nefertiti?

The sculpture of Queen Nefertiti is significant for its realistic depiction with heavy leaded eyes, slender neck, determined chin, and peer profile. It is made of limestone from the 18th dynasty, 1375 to 1357 BC.

How are the materials used in prehistoric sculptures described in the script?

Prehistoric sculptures used materials that varied according to region and locality, and it is believed that some of these sculptures are a result of natural erosion rather than human artistry.

What is the Hellenistic style in Greek sculpture?

The Hellenistic style in Greek sculpture is characterized by a preference for more elaborate patterns and an emphasis on the representation of movement for dramatic effects.

What was the primary material used by Greek sculptors during the classical period?

Marble was the principal material used by Greek sculptors during the classical period.

How did Roman sculpture differ from Greek sculpture in terms of subject matter?

Roman sculpture placed extreme importance on religious art, often depicting deities or gods, and was frequently copied from Greek sculpture, though with an emphasis on realistic individual characteristics.

What is the significance of the 'Discobulus' by Myron?

The 'Discobulus' by Myron is significant as it shows an attitude of maximum tension, full of compressed energy, representing the dynamic nature of Greek sculpture.

What techniques did Romanesque sculptors use to carve figures?

Romanesque sculptors used sunken relief and undercutting techniques to carve figures, often for portal sculptures on cathedrals.

How did Gothic sculptures reflect the society of the time?

Gothic sculptures reflected the society's belief in honoring powerful barons who controlled the cities, often depicted in cathedral sculptures.

Outlines

00:00

🗿 Ancient to Medieval Sculptures Overview

This segment delves into the evolution of sculptures from the ancient classical to medieval periods, serving as a continuation from Module 1's lessons. It covers lessons 4 to 6, focusing on prehistoric and Egyptian, Greek and Roman, and Byzantine, Romanesque, and Gothic sculptures, respectively. The timeline spans from 1.5 million BC to 1480 AD. Lesson 4 highlights symbolic elements in prehistoric and Egyptian sculptures, with materials varying by region and a belief that early sculptures were results of natural erosion. Egyptian sculptures utilized hieroglyphics and symbolisms to represent deities. Examples include the Queen and Fertitti sculpture and the Pharaoh Menkaure sculpture, showcasing rigid postures and minimal emotional expression. The Venus of Willendorf and the Venus of Brazen Poi are also discussed, representing fertility and human representation in the Upper Paleolithic era. Lesson 5 transitions to Greek and Roman sculptures, emphasizing the Hellenistic style's focus on movement and drama. Greek sculptors used marble and concentrated on human anatomy, figure arrangement, and dramatic movement. Roman sculptures were heavily religious, with realistic individual characteristics. Notable examples include the Discobolus by Myron and the Puerto National Sarcophagus. Lesson 6 discusses medieval sculptures, where Byzantine works were primarily religious, Romanesque used sunken relief, and Gothic sculptures reflected the power of barons, with a focus on cathedral and church architecture.

05:02

🏛️ Byzantine to Gothic Architectural Sculptures

This part of the script focuses on the final lesson of Module 2, which is about medieval sculptures, particularly Byzantine, Romanesque, and Gothic. Byzantine sculptures were dominated by religious themes, everyday life, and nature, with carved ivory objects being a leading form. Romanesque sculptors employed sunken relief and undercutting techniques for carving figures on cathedral portals. Gothic sculptures were mainly architectural, reflecting people's belief in honoring powerful barons. Examples given include the Barbarini Diptych, an early Byzantine work in ivory, the Last Judgment from the Cathedral of Saint Lazare in France, and the Resurrection of the Virgin from the Amiens Cathedral. The script concludes with instructions for activities that students need to complete for the arts module, which can be answered online or on an answer sheet.

Keywords

💡Sculpture

Sculpture refers to the art of creating three-dimensional forms, typically by carving or modeling materials such as stone, metal, or clay. In the video, sculpture is the central theme, with a focus on different periods and styles, including prehistoric, Egyptian, Greek, Roman, Byzantine, Romanesque, and Gothic. The script discusses various sculptures, such as the 'Queen and Fertitti' and 'Pharaoh Menkaure,' illustrating the evolution of sculptural techniques and themes over time.

💡Prehistoric Era

The Prehistoric Era is a term used to describe the time before written records, which includes the Stone Age. In the context of the video, prehistoric sculptures are mentioned as having symbolic elements and being a result of natural erosion rather than human artistry. Examples like the 'Venus of Willendorf' are used to show how early sculptures often focused on fertility and were made from materials like limestone.

💡Egyptian Art

Egyptian Art refers to the artistic styles and techniques used in ancient Egypt, known for its symbolic elements and the use of hieroglyphics. The video discusses how Egyptian sculptures used forms, hieroglyphics, and symbolism to represent gods and pharaohs. The 'Queen and Fertitti' sculpture is an example of Egyptian art, showcasing the use of limestone and the portrayal of the queen with a heavy crown.

💡Classical Period

The Classical Period, particularly in Greek art, is known for its emphasis on realism, proportion, and the human form. The video explains that during the Hellenic period, Greek sculptures like 'Myron the Discobolus' focused on the perfection of the human body and the dramatic representation of movement. This period is marked by the use of marble and a preference for elaborate patterns.

💡Hellenistic Style

Hellenistic Style is a term used to describe the art and culture of the Hellenistic period, characterized by a preference for elaborate patterns and an emphasis on movement and dramatic effects. The video mentions that this style was popular in Greek sculptures, where artists aimed to capture the dynamism and energy of the human form, as seen in the 'Myron the Discobolus' sculpture.

💡Roman Art

Roman Art is the artistic production of the Roman civilization, which often borrowed from Greek styles but also had its unique characteristics. The video discusses how Roman sculptures, particularly during the Republican period, emphasized realistic individual characteristics and were often used for religious purposes, with statues of deities being an integral part of worship.

💡Byzantine Art

Byzantine Art refers to the artistic styles of the Byzantine Empire, which were heavily influenced by religious themes and Eastern Orthodox Christianity. The video mentions that Byzantine sculptures often depicted religious scenes and used carved ivory objects as a leading form of art, with the 'Barbarini Diptych' being an example of early Byzantine work.

💡Romanesque Art

Romanesque Art is characterized by its use in cathedrals and churches, with a focus on sunken relief and undercutting techniques to carve figures. The video explains that Romanesque sculptures were part of the architectural design of cathedrals, with portal sculptures being a significant feature, as exemplified by the 'Last Judgment' at the Cathedral of Saint Lazare.

💡Gothic Art

Gothic Art is known for its intricate and elaborate architectural and sculptural styles, often found in cathedrals. The video discusses how Gothic sculptures reflected the belief in honoring powerful barons and were primarily architectural, with the 'Resurrection of the Virgin' in the Cathedral of Amiens being a notable example.

💡Symbolism

Symbolism in art refers to the use of symbols to represent ideas or qualities, often related to cultural, religious, or spiritual concepts. The video highlights the use of symbolism in various art periods, such as the use of hieroglyphics in Egyptian art and the representation of religious themes in Byzantine art, where symbols were heavily used to convey deeper meanings.

Highlights

Focus on ancient classical and medieval art period sculptures in arts module 2.

Lesson 4 covers prehistoric era and Egyptian sculptures, highlighting symbolic elements and materials used.

Prehistoric sculptures are believed to be a result of natural erosion rather than human artistry.

Egyptian sculpture symbolism includes forms, hieroglyphics, and relative size to represent gods.

Timeline of art periods discussed: Prehistoric and Egyptian (1.5 million BC to 2000 BC), Greek and Roman (2000 BC to 400 BC), Byzantine, Romanesque, and Gothic (400 BC to 1480).

Sculpture of Queen Nefertiti showcases realism with symbolic elements like heavy crown and peer profile.

Pharaoh Menkaure's sculpture represents rigid postures and simple, powerful expressions.

Venus of Willendorf, a limestone sculpture, symbolizes fertility with its exaggerated physical features.

Venus of Brassempouy is a fragmentary ivory figurine from the Upper Paleolithic era, realistically representing the human face and hairstyle.

Lesson 5 discusses Greek and Roman sculptures, emphasizing the Hellenistic style and the use of marble.

Greek sculptors focused on human body perfection, proportion, arrangement of figures, and dramatic representation of movements.

Roman sculptures were often realistic individual characteristics and heavily influenced by Greek art.

Myron's Discobolus exemplifies the Greek sculpture's focus on movement and tension.

The Puerto Natural Sarcophagus is an elaborate Roman sarcophagus depicting battle scenes between Romans and Germans.

Lesson 6 explores Byzantine, Romanesque, and Gothic sculptures, with a focus on religious and architectural themes.

Byzantine sculptures often featured carved ivory objects with religious themes.

Romanesque sculptures used sunken relief and undercutting techniques for portal sculptures on cathedrals.

Gothic sculptures reflected the honoring of powerful barons and were primarily architectural, focusing on cathedrals.

The Barbarini Diptych is an early example of Byzantine work in ivory.

The Last Judgment is an architectural element from the west portal of the Cathedral of Saint Lazare in Otton, France.

The Resurrection of the Virgin is a 12th-century sculpture from the Cathedral of Amiens.

Module activities include online responses or written answer sheets to be submitted in the Facebook group.

Transcripts

in the second module in arts we will

focus on the different sculptures

made during the ancient classical and

medieval art periods

this is the continuation of our arts

module 1 lessons

in the last module we discuss lesson 1-3

this time in module 2 we will continue

the discussion of lesson 4

to lesson 6. lesson 4 is about

sculptures from the early age

prehistoric era and egyptian lesson 5 is

about the sculptures

from classical period greek and romantic

sculptures

and lesson 6 is about the sculptures

from medieval period

byzantine romanesque and gothic

sculptures

here is the timeline of the different

art periods that we are going to talk

about

first is the prehistoric and egyptian

arts

during 1.5 million bc to 2000 bc

bc means before christ second art period

is the greek and roman art

during 2000 bc to 400 bc

and the last one is the byzantine

romanesque and gothic period

during 400 bc to 1480.

let's first start with lesson four

sculptures from early age

the prehistoric and egyptian era

in the prehistoric sculptures symbolic

elements

were widely used materials used in

sculptures

vary according to region and locality

archaeologists believe that their

sculpture is a result of natural erosion

and not of human artistry

now in the egyptian sculpture symbolic

elements were widely used such as forms

hieroglyphics relative size location

materials color actions and gestures

symbolisms were heavily used to

represent the gods

hieroglyphics is the formal writing

system

of egypt with the use of pictures

as you can see in the picture on the

right side there is an example of a

hieroglyphics

which they carved in the caves as a use

of communication

now let me show you some examples of the

sculptures

made during the prehistoric and egyptian

art period

first is the sculpture of queen and

fertitti

which is a realistic with heavy leaded

eyes

slender neck determined chin and peer

profile

under her heavy crown queen refers to

the great royal wife of the egyptian

pharaoh this sculpture is made

with a limestone in the 18th dynasty

1375 to 1357 bc

next is the sculpture of the pharaoh

menkaure

and his queen using stone this was made

in the fourth dynasty

2548 to 2530

bce this is an example of portraits

presented in rigid postures and were

simple and powerful

with very little show of private emotion

next is the sculpture of venus of

willendorf

this was made 28000 bce

to 25000 bce

this sculpture is carved from limestone

with excessively heavy breast and

abdomen

used as a charm to ensure fertility

next one is the sculpture of venus of

brazen poi

this sculpture was made 25 000 years ago

this is a sculpture of a lady with wood

it is a fragmentary ivory figurine from

the upper paleolithic era

that realistically represents the human

face and hairstyle

now let's move on to lesson five this is

about the classical sculptures

including the greek and romantic

sculpture

let's go first to the greek sculptures

during 450

to 400 bc the greeks began carving in

stones to make sculptures

in the hellenic period one of the most

popular styles of the greek sculptures

was the hellenistic style hellenistic

denotes a preference in sculpture

for more elaborated patterns and an

emphasis

on the representation of movement for

dramatic effects

in the greek sculptures marble was the

principal material

used by sculptors in the classical

period in greece

greek sculptors were particularly

concerned

with the following first the perfection

and proportion of human body

human anatomy second is the arrangement

of figures and groups

and the last one dramatic representation

of movements

now in the romantic sculptures religious

art was of

extreme importance in ancient roman

society

and culture that's why every ancient

roman temple household

has at least one statue of deity or

god which was an important part of

worship

sculptural portraits during the

republican period in rome

emphasize realistic individual

characteristics

it is often observed that ancient roman

sculpture

and architecture was exactly copied from

ancient greek sculpture

and architecture

this time i will show you some famous

sculptures

of the greek and roman people during

this art period

the first one is called myron the

discobulus

this was made 450 bc

this shows an attitude of maximum

tension

full of compressed energy and about to

explode

an action

second sculpture is called the puerto

natural sarcophagus

sarcophagus means tomb or libian

in tagalog the puerto national

sarcophagus

was made between 180 to 190

bce this is used for the boreal of roman

general

involved in the campaign of marcus

aurelius

and this is the best known and most

elaborate of all sarcophagus

it depicts battle scenes between romans

and germans

and it is carved using marble

next one is also a sarcophagus

this is called sarcophagus from serbia

theory

this was made in 520 bce

this is made of terracotta and its

length is

6 foot 7 inches or 2.06 meters

and this is a sculpture of a husband and

wife

which are shown reclining comfortably

as if they were on a couch

now in the last lesson in this module

lesson 6 is about medieval sculptures

including byzantine romanesque and

gothic sculptures

let's go first to the byzantine

sculptures

the dominant themes in byzantine

sculptures are religious

everyday life scenes and motives from

nature

eastern orthodox was the church found in

the byzantine empire

latin was their primary language

carved ivory objects were the leading

form of

byzantine sculptures

next romanesque sculptures

sculptors use sunken relief and

undercutting

to carve figures this is a technique

they use to carve portal sculpture

on cathedrals romanesque and gothic

period

comprise the great age of cathedrals

and their foremost sculptures are

architectural

now in the gothic sculptures cathedrals

during this period

reflect people's belief of honoring

powerful barons

who controlled gothic cities so in the

romanesque and gothic art periods

their sculptures are mainly

architectural

and more on cathedral or church

sculptures

here are some of the sculptures from the

byzantine

romanesque and gothic era

first one is called the barbarini diptic

this is an early example of byzantine

work

from ivory which is another kind of

stone

second one is called the last judgment

this is an architectural element with

an arch or pediment this is the west

portal

of cathedral of saint lazare in otton

burgundy in france

next one is called resurrection of the

virgin

this was made at the end of the 12th

century

in the cathedral am amiens

now here are the activities that you

need to do in arts module 2.

you may answer them online in the links

that i will post in our fb group

or if you cannot answer online you may

write an

answer sheet answers only

i will show you the activities that you

need to do in this module

now you may start doing the activities

in this module

and we will finish the last art module

next week