Kesultanan Cirebon | Full Version | Kesultanan Nusantara

Summary

This video details the history of Cirebon, a port city on the northern coast of Java, from its origins as a small settlement named Caruban to its transformation into a powerful Islamic sultanate. It discusses the arrival of Islam via Muslim traders and influential figures like Cheng Ho, the growth of Cirebon's economy through trade, and its role in spreading Islam across West Java. The video also covers political events, including Cirebon's independence from the Pajajaran Kingdom, alliances with Demak, and eventual influence from Dutch colonial forces.

Takeaways

• 🌟 Cirebon played a crucial role in spreading Islam in West Java, beginning in the late 15th century.
• 🏞️ The city was originally a small settlement known as Caruban, meaning 'mixture' due to its diverse population.
• 🦐 Cirebon's name comes from the word 'rebon,' which means shrimp in Sundanese, due to the area's production of shrimp paste (terasi).
• ⚓ Cirebon became a bustling port city, attracting traders from various places.
• 🚢 Islam spread to Cirebon through Chinese admiral Zheng He and Arab traders in the early 15th century.
• 👑 Cirebon was initially under the rule of the Hindu Pajajaran Kingdom, but it later became independent under Syarif Hidayatullah (Sunan Gunung Jati), a key figure in the spread of Islam.
• 🏛️ Syarif Hidayatullah worked closely with other Islamic leaders and built significant mosques in Cirebon, including the Sang Cipta Rasa Mosque.
• 🤝 Cirebon developed strong ties with the Demak Sultanate, forming a key alliance in the spread of Islam across Java.
• ⚔️ Cirebon resisted Pajajaran's attempts to reassert control, becoming fully sovereign in 1482.
• 🏴 Cirebon faced political and military upheaval in the 17th and 18th centuries, eventually becoming a protectorate of Mataram and later a Dutch colony.

Q & A

What role did Cirebon play in the spread of Islam in West Java?

Cirebon became a significant center for the spread of Islam in West Java during the late 15th century. Under leaders like Ki Gedeng Tapa, Pangeran Cakrabuana, and Sunan Gunung Jati (Syarif Hidayatullah), it facilitated the spread of Islamic teachings and became a hub for Islamic education and culture.

How did the name 'Cirebon' originate?

The name 'Cirebon' originated from the production of shrimp paste (terasi), which was a popular commodity at the time. 'Cirebon' comes from the Sundanese words 'ci' meaning water and 'rebon' meaning shrimp, referring to the area’s shrimp-based products.

Who was Ki Gedeng Tapa, and what was his contribution to Cirebon?

Ki Gedeng Tapa was the founder of the small settlement that eventually became Cirebon. He helped establish the foundation for what would become a bustling port town and a center for trade and cultural exchange.

What influence did Admiral Cheng Ho have on Cirebon?

Admiral Cheng Ho, a Chinese Muslim, contributed to the spread of Islam in Cirebon in the early 15th century. His associate, Tan Eng Hoat, established a Chinese Muslim community in the city, further intertwining Chinese and Islamic influences in the region.

What was the role of Pangeran Cakrabuana in Cirebon’s history?

Pangeran Cakrabuana, the eldest son of the Pajajaran king, played a pivotal role in Cirebon’s development. He embraced Islam and helped spread it in the region. He was instrumental in establishing Cirebon as a growing port city and handed over leadership to his nephew, Syarif Hidayatullah (Sunan Gunung Jati).

Who were Syarif Abdurrahman and Syarif Abdurrahim, and what was their contribution to Cirebon?

Syarif Abdurrahman and Syarif Abdurrahim, siblings from Baghdad, were invited by Pangeran Cakrabuana to help spread Islam in Cirebon. They played significant roles in establishing religious and educational institutions, including mosques in Panjunan and Kejaksaan.

How did Cirebon gain independence from the Pajajaran kingdom?

In 1482, Syarif Hidayatullah stopped sending tribute to the Pajajaran kingdom, effectively declaring Cirebon’s independence. This act caused tension with Pajajaran, but Syarif Hidayatullah managed to peacefully convert the Pajajaran forces sent to attack Cirebon to Islam.

What was the significance of the mosque Sang Cipta Rasa in Cirebon?

The mosque Sang Cipta Rasa, built in 1489 near the Cirebon palace, was an important center of Islamic worship and education. It was designed by Raden Sepat, an architect from Majapahit, with the assistance of Sunan Bonang and Sunan Kalijaga, two members of the Walisongo.

What role did Cirebon play in the fight against the Portuguese in Java?

Cirebon allied with Demak to fight against the Portuguese, who were seen as a threat after establishing themselves in Malacca. Together, they successfully captured Banten in 1524 and defeated the Portuguese in Sunda Kelapa in 1527, securing key port cities in Java.

How did Cirebon’s political landscape change in the 17th century?

In the 17th century, Cirebon became a protectorate of Mataram under Sultan Agung. Later, in 1677, Cirebon was divided into three separate sultanates: Kasepuhan, Kanoman, and Kacirebonan, with each sultan having varying degrees of power and autonomy.