Sejarah Medan menjadi Kota
Summary
TLDRThe script narrates the historical evolution of Medan, which started as a small settlement and became the capital of Deli Sultanate and East Sumatra. After the Dutch received a concession for tobacco cultivation, Medan developed into a trade and administrative center. It experienced two major waves of immigration, first with contract laborers from China, India, and Java, and later with Minangkabau, Mandailing, and Aceh people for trade and education. By 1918, Medan was officially a city with diverse communities and had expanded significantly from its Dutch colonial era size.
Takeaways
- 🏘️ Initially, Medan was just a village while the capital of the Deli Sultanate was in Labuhan.
- 🚬 The Dutch received a land concession from the Sultan of Deli for tobacco cultivation, shifting the focus of agriculture away from Labuhan.
- 🛍️ After settling in Labuhan, Jacob Nenehouse, the founder of the Deli Tobacco Company, moved to Medan in 1869, establishing his residence and the company's headquarters.
- 📈 Medan's development into a trading center led to it becoming the administrative center in 1879, with the capital of the Deli Resident moved from Labuhan to Medan.
- 🏛 The Deli Sultanate's palace was also relocated to Medan, coinciding with the completion of the Maimun Palace on May 18, 1891.
- 🌐 The capital of the Deli Sultanate officially moved to Medan, marking a significant shift in the region's political center.
- 🌊 Medan experienced two major waves of immigration in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, with the first wave involving Chinese, Indian, and Javanese contract laborers for plantations.
- 🛑 After 1880, the Dutch stopped bringing Chinese laborers due to their tendency to escape and cause unrest, leading to a focus on Javanese laborers.
- 📚 The second wave of immigration included Minangkabau, Mandailing, and Acehnese who came to Medan for trading, teaching, and religious roles, not plantation work.
- 🏙️ In 1915, the position of the East Sumatra Resident was elevated to Governor, and on April 1, 1918, Medan officially became a city with its first mayor, Baron Daniel Meke.
- 📜 The Sultan of Deli ceded the land of Medan to the city, placing it under direct Dutch control, with the city council's composition determined by ethnicity.
- 📈 Post-independence, Medan expanded its area significantly from 1853 hectares to 26,510 hectares by 1974, nearly 18 times larger than during the Dutch era.
Q & A
What was the original status of Medan before the Dutch influence?
-Initially, Medan was just a small settlement while the Deli Kingdom was centered in Labuhan.
How did the Dutch obtain the right to cultivate tobacco in the region?
-The Dutch received a land concession from the Sultan of Deli for the cultivation of tobacco.
Why did the development of agriculture shift from Labuhan to Medan?
-After the Dutch received the land concession, the development of agriculture moved away from Labuhan to Medan.
Who was Jacob Nenhouse and what did he do in Medan?
-Jacob Nenhouse was the founder of the Deli Tobacco Company. He moved to Medan in 1869 and established his residence and the tobacco company's office between the Babura and Deli rivers.
What significant event led to Medan becoming the center of trade and government?
-The development of Medan Putri into a trade center and the subsequent move of the Deli Resident's capital from Labuhan to Medan in 1879 marked its rise as a center of trade and government.
When and why was the capital of the Deli Sultanate officially moved to Medan?
-The capital of the Deli Sultanate officially moved to Medan on May 18, 1891, coinciding with the completion of the Maimun Palace.
What were the two major waves of immigration to Medan in the late 19th and early 20th centuries?
-The first wave included the arrival of Chinese, Indian, and Javanese contract workers for the plantations. The second wave consisted of Minangkabau, Mandailing, and Acehnese who came for trade, education, and religious roles.
Why did the Deli Tobacco Company stop bringing Chinese workers after 1880?
-The company stopped bringing Chinese workers because many of them escaped from the plantations and often caused disturbances.
What was the status of the Eastern Sumatra Resident in 1915, and what change occurred on April 1, 1918?
-In 1915, the Resident of Eastern Sumatra was promoted to the position of governor. On April 1, 1918, the city of Medan officially became a City of Praja or Municipal City with its first mayor, Baron Daniel Meke.
How did the Sultan of Deli contribute to the establishment of Medan as a city under the direct control of the Dutch East Indies?
-The Sultan of Deli transferred the land of Medan City to the GMT Medan through a deed of gift, making it officially a territory under the direct control of the Dutch East Indies.
What was the composition of the city council members in Medan based on ethnic groups?
-The city council of Medan was composed of 10 Europeans, 5 indigenous people, and 2 foreign Asians.
How did the population of Medan change from 1918 to 1974?
-In 1918, Medan had a population of 43,826, consisting of Europeans, indigenous people, Chinese, and other foreign Asians. By 1974, the city had expanded its area from 1853 hectares to 26,510 hectares, indicating a significant increase in population and urban development.
Outlines
🌱 Early Development and Growth of Medan
This paragraph discusses the initial state of Medan as a small settlement while the Deli Kingdom was centered in Labuhan. It details the Dutch's acquisition of land concession from Sultan Deli for tobacco cultivation, which led to the development of agriculture around Medan instead of Labuhan. The paragraph also covers the establishment of Medan as a trading center and the administrative capital after 1879, with the Deli Sultanate's capital moving to Medan in 1891. The first wave of immigration to Medan is highlighted, involving Chinese, Indian, and Javanese contract workers for the plantations, and the shift in the workforce after 1880 when the Dutch stopped bringing in Chinese workers due to their tendency to escape and cause unrest.
🏛️ Administrative Changes and Immigration Waves in Medan
The second paragraph delves into the administrative changes that elevated the status of the East Sumatra Resident to a governor on April 1, 1918, and the official recognition of Medan as a city with its first mayor, Baron Daniel meke. It outlines the land transfer from Sultan Deli to the GMT Medan, solidifying Dutch control. The composition of the city council based on ethnicity is noted, with representation from Europeans, indigenous people, and foreign Asians. The paragraph also describes the demographic makeup of Medan in 1918, with a population of 43,826, including Europeans, indigenous people, Chinese, and other foreign Asians. It mentions the second wave of immigration, which included Minangkabau, Mandailing, and Acehnese, who came to Medan for trading, teaching, and religious leadership, rather than plantation work.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Medan
💡Deli Sultanate
💡Concession
💡Tobacco Cultivation
💡Immigration Waves
💡Contract Laborers
💡Plantation Companies
💡Trade Sector
💡Mandailing and Acehnese
💡Residency
💡Expansion of Medan
Highlights
Medan was originally a small settlement while the Deli Kingdom was centered in Labuhan.
The Dutch received a land concession from Sultan Deli for tobacco cultivation, shifting the agricultural focus away from Labuhan.
In 1869, Jacob Nenhouse, the founder of the Deli Tobacco Company, moved to Medan, then known as Kampung Medan Putri.
Nenhouse established his residence and the tobacco company headquarters between the Babura and Deli rivers, which spurred Medan Putri's development into a trade center.
Medan Putri's growth as a trade center led to it becoming the administrative center in 1879, with the capital of the Deli Resident being transferred from Labuhan to Medan.
On March 1, 1887, the capital of the East Sumatra Resident was also moved from Bengkalis to Medan.
The Sultanate of Deli's palace, originally in Kampung Bahari Labuhan, was relocated to Medan, coinciding with the completion of the Maimun Palace on May 18, 1891.
From that point, the capital of the Deli Sultanate officially moved to Medan.
In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, two major waves of immigration occurred in Medan.
The first wave involved the arrival of Chinese, Indian, and Javanese contract workers for the plantations.
After 1880, the tobacco company stopped bringing Chinese workers due to many fleeing the plantations and causing unrest.
The Javanese were then fully recruited as plantation workers, while the former Chinese plantation workers were encouraged to develop the trade sector.
The Indian coolies' recruitment was halted by the British government in India, as the Dutch did not want to establish an agreement involving a British representative in Medan.
The second wave of immigration included the arrival of Minangkabau, Mandailing, and Acehnese, who came to Medan for trading, teaching, and religious leadership, not for plantation work.
In 1915, the position of the East Sumatra Resident was elevated to that of a governor, and on April 1, 1918, Medan officially became a city with its first mayor, Baron Daniel Meke.
Sultan Deli transferred the land of Medan City to the GMT Medan, making it officially under the direct control of the Dutch East Indies.
The composition of the Medan city council was determined based on ethnic groups, with 10 Europeans, 5 indigenous people, and 2 foreign Asians.
Medan was initially composed of four villages, predominantly inhabited by Malays, with separate European settlements and Chinese trading communities.
By 1918, Medan's population was recorded as 43,826, consisting of Europeans, indigenous people, Chinese, and other foreign Asians.
Since Indonesia's independence, Medan has expanded its area significantly, from 1853 hectares to 26,510 hectares by 1974, an almost 18-fold increase in 25 years post-independence.
Transcripts
awalnya Medan hanyalah perkampungan
sementara kerajaan Deli berpusat di
Labuhan namun setelah Belanda mendapat
izin pemakaian lahan atau konsesi dari
Sultan Deli untuk penanaman tembakau
perkembangan perkebunan tidak lagi di
sekitar Labuhan
Setelah lama menetap di Labuhan pada
tahun 1869 Jacob nenhouse pendiri daily
maskapai pindah ke Medan yang kala itu
masih bernama Kampung Medan Putri
dia mendirikan rumahnya dan kantor
perkebunan tembakau Deli di antara
pertemuan sungai babura dan Sungai Deli
perkembangan Medan Putri menjadi pusat
perdagangan telah mendorongnya menjadi
pusat pemerintahan tahun 1879 ibukota
asisten residen Deli dipindahkan dari
Labuhan ke Medan dan tanggal 1 Maret
1887 ibukota residen Sumatera Timur
dipindahkan juga dari Bengkalis Riau ke
Medan Istana Kesultanan Deli yang semula
berada di kampung Bahari Labuhan juga
dipindahkan ke Medan pemindahan ini
bertepatan dengan selesainya pembangunan
Istana Maimun tanggal 18 Mei
1891 mulai saat itu Ibukota Kesultanan
Deli resmi pindah ke Medan
di akhir abad 19 dan awal abad ke-20
terdapat dua gelombang imigrasi besar ke
Medan gelombang pertama adalah
kedatangan orang Tionghoa India dan Jawa
sebagai kuli kontrak perkebunan Tetapi
setelah tahun 1880 perusahaan perkebunan
berhenti mendatangkan orang-orang
Tionghoa karena sebagian besar dari
mereka lari meninggalkan kebun dan
sering melakukan kerusuhan perusahaan
tembakau Deli kemudian sepenuhnya
mendatangkan orang Jawa sebagai kuli
perkebunan orang-orang Tionghoa bekas
buruh perkebunan kemudian didorong untuk
mengembangkan sektor perdagangan
sementara itu kuli dari India dihentikan
pengirimannya oleh pemerintah Inggris di
India karena Belanda tidak mau membuat
perjanjian dengan mereka yaitu membuka
perwakilan Inggris di Medan gelombang
kedua ialah kedatangan orang Minangkabau
Mandailing dan Aceh mereka datang ke
Medan bukan untuk bekerja sebagai
perkebunan tetapi untuk berdagang
menjadi guru dan ulama pada tahun
1915 residen Sumatera Timur ditingkatkan
kedudukannya menjadi gubernur pada
tanggal 1 April 1918 kota Medan resmi
menjadi gementi Kota Praja atau
kotamadya dengan walikota pertamanya
bernama Baron Daniel meke
berdasarkan aktor
hibah nomor 97 notaris JM the home
Junior tanggal 30 November 1918 Sultan
Deli menyerahkan tanah Kota Medan kepada
GMT Medan sehingga resmi menjadi wilayah
di bawah kekuasaan langsung India
Belanda
pemilihan anggota dewan kota Medan
ditetapkan berdasarkan golongan yaitu 10
orang Eropa 5 orang pribumi dan dua
orang timur asing
saat itu kota Medan Baru terdiri dari 4
Kampung yaitu Kampung pesawat Kampung
Sungai Rengas Kampung Petisah hulu dan
Kampung Petisah Hilir beberapa waktu
kemudian didirikanlah kampung yang baru
seperti Kampung Aur Kampung Keling dan
lain-lain
kampung-kampung yang disebutkan di awal
banyak didiami oleh orang-orang Melayu
namun ada juga pemukiman orang-orang
Eropa yang cenderung tinggal berkelompok
dan menyendiri
di sisi lain orang-orang Tionghoa
membuat pemukiman untuk mereka berdagang
semua tinggal masing-masing dengan
komunitasnya di kalangan pribumi ada
juga kampung yang tinggal hanya dalam
satu komunitas saja yaitu Kampung mandai
pada tahun 1918 penduduk Medan tercatat
sebanyak
43.826 jiwa yang terdiri dari Eropa 49
orang pribumi 35.9 orang Tionghoa 8.269
orang dan timur asing lainnya
139 orang
sejak penyerahan kedaulatan Indonesia
Kota Medan telah beberapa kali melakukan
perluasan area dari
1853 hektar menjadi
26.510 hektar pada tahun
1974 dengan demikian dalam tempo 25
tahun setelah penyerahan kedaulatan kota
Medan telah bertambah luas hampir 18
kali lipat dari zaman Belanda
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