EDUCATION DURING SPANISH PERIOD

Jhona Giray

18 Apr 202108:48

Summary

TLDRThe Spanish colonization of the Philippines began in 1521 with Ferdinand Magellan's arrival, leading to the establishment of a Catholic-focused educational system. The curriculum was heavily influenced by Christian doctrines, with separate schools for boys and girls. Spanish missionaries played a crucial role in education, aiming to convert the indigenous population. The first modern educational institutions in Asia were founded during this period, including colleges like the Universidad de San Ignacio and the Ateneo de Manila University. The Spanish also implemented compulsory education, although it was structured to promote Christianity and Spanish culture, leading to social inequality and gender disparities in education.

Takeaways

🏛️ Spanish colonization of the Philippines began in 1521 with Ferdinand Magellan's arrival and the establishment of Spanish Empire control.
📜 The educational system during the Spanish era was primarily managed by friars and missionaries who focused on imparting Catholic religious teachings.
👨‍🏫 Separate schools were established for boys and girls, with the curriculum heavily emphasizing Christian doctrines and Spanish language.
🌍 The Spanish aimed to convert the indigenous population to Christianity and gain a foothold in the spice trade, using education as a tool for cultural assimilation.
🏫 The first modern educational institutions in Asia, including universities and professional schools, were founded during the colonial period.
📚 The Spanish educational system was divided into two parts: establishing primary schools in each town and training men as teachers under Jesuit supervision.
🔄 The Spanish used religion as a means to colonize the Philippines, with the first Christian school built in Cebu in 1565 by the Augustinians.
👥 Spanish missionaries played a significant role in shaping Filipino education and society, instilling Spanish language, culture, and social norms.
🏢 Several notable educational institutions were established, including Colegio de San Ignacio, Ateneo de Manila University, and University of San Carlos.
📈 The implementation of compulsory education in 1863 by the Spanish government led to the establishment of free public schools for children aged 7 to 13, although access was still unequal.
📖 The curriculum was structured to promote Christianity, Spanish language, and Spanish culture, with an emphasis on social mobility through education, which also reinforced social inequality and gender roles.

Q & A

When did Spanish colonization of the Philippines begin?
-Spanish colonization of the Philippines began in 1521 when Ferdinand Magellan arrived and claimed the island as a colony of the Spanish Empire.
Who controlled the educational system during the Spanish colonization?
-During the Spanish colonization, the educational system was controlled by the friars, who were missionaries responsible for teaching, controlling, and maintaining the rules and regulations imposed on students.
What was the primary focus of the school curriculum during the Spanish colonial period?
-The primary focus of the school curriculum during the Spanish colonial period was the teaching of the Catholic religion and Christian doctrines.
Were there separate schools for boys and girls during the Spanish colonial period?
-Yes, during the Spanish colonial period, there were separate schools for boys and girls.
What was the main goal of Spanish missionaries when they arrived in the Philippines?
-The main goals of Spanish missionaries upon their arrival in the Philippines were to obtain a foothold in the spice trade, convert the indigenous population to Christianity, and establish Spanish control over the islands.
When was the first Christian school established in the Philippines?
-The first Christian school was established in Cebu in 1565 by the Augustinians.
What was the purpose of King Charles sending an expedition to the Moluccas?
-King Charles sent an expedition to the Moluccas primarily for commercial purposes, as spices were easily sold at European markets at big profits.
Who was the first Filipino author to publish a book, and when did this occur?
-The first Filipino author to publish a book was Tomas Pinpin, who published a book in 1610 in the Baybayin script.
What was the impact of the Spanish colonial government's adoption of compulsory education in 1863?
-The adoption of compulsory education in 1863 by the Spanish colonial government made education free for all children between the ages of 7 to 13 years old, leading to the establishment of elementary schools in all municipalities in the country.
What was the curriculum like in the Spanish colonial period, and how did it differ from the education system before the Spanish arrived?
-The curriculum during the Spanish colonial period was more structured and consisted of Christian doctrine, values, reading and writing in Spanish, etiquette, and Spanish history. This was a significant change from the education system before the Spanish arrived, which was more focused on indigenous knowledge and practices.
How did the Spanish colonial education system contribute to social inequality and female subordination?
-The Spanish colonial education system contributed to social inequality and female subordination by placing a higher priority on education for men and promoting the idea that women should stay at home. This was reflected in the curriculum and the social norms of the time.

Outlines

00:00

🏛️ Spanish Colonial Education in the Philippines

The Spanish colonization of the Philippines began in 1521 with Ferdinand Magellan's arrival, marking the start of Spanish control over the islands. The educational system was heavily influenced by the friars and missionaries who emphasized Catholic teachings. Separate schools were established for boys and girls, with a focus on Christian doctrines. The Spanish aimed to convert the indigenous population and establish a foothold in the spice trade. The oldest universities and professional schools in Asia were founded during this period, with education being compulsory and Spanish language instruction being a key component. The Spanish also aimed to educate natives in reading, writing, and Spanish, with the Jesuits playing a significant role in teacher training. The first Christian school was established in Cebu in 1565 by the Augustinians, and other institutions like the Colegio de San Ignacio and the Ateneo de Manila University were also founded during this era.

05:01

📚 Development of Educational Institutions in the Philippines

The educational landscape in the Philippines during the Spanish colonial period saw the establishment of various institutions. The Colegio de San Jose was founded in the early 1600s, and in 1610, the first Filipino author, Thomas Pinpin, published a book. The Dominicans established the University of Santo Tomas in 1611. Orphanages like San Juan de la Tran were also turned into educational institutions, with the first one, Colegio, being established in 1589, followed by the Colegio de Santa Isabel in 1632. These institutions provided education in household chores and other necessary skills for girls. The Education Reform Act of 1863 led to the establishment of public schools, making education free and compulsory for children between the ages of 7 and 13. Despite this, there was still inequality in accessing education. The curriculum was structured around Christian doctrine, Spanish language, and Spanish history, promoting Christianity and Spanish culture. Social mobility was linked to education, but there was a higher priority for men, and women were expected to focus on domestic roles. The Spanish colonial government established a centralized system with a national and local administration, which influenced the structure of education in the Philippines.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Spanish Colonial

Spanish Colonial refers to the period of Spanish rule and cultural influence in the Philippines, which began in 1521 with Ferdinand Magellan's arrival. This term is central to the video's theme as it sets the historical context for the development of the educational system in the Philippines. The video discusses how Spanish colonial rule led to the establishment of schools and the spread of Catholicism, with missionaries playing a significant role in education and the imposition of Spanish culture.

💡Friars

Friars were members of religious orders, particularly in the Catholic Church, who played a crucial role during the Spanish colonization of the Philippines. They were responsible for controlling and maintaining educational institutions, emphasizing the teaching of the Catholic religion. The video mentions how friars were in charge of schools, separating them for boys and girls, and how they were tasked with educating the indigenous population in Christian doctrines and Spanish language.

💡Catholic Religion

The Catholic Religion was the dominant faith during the Spanish colonial period in the Philippines. The video highlights how the missionaries emphasized the teaching of Catholicism in schools, making it a core part of the curriculum. This was a strategic move by Spain to convert the indigenous population and solidify its colonial rule, as seen in the script's mention of the first mass celebrated by Father Pedro de Valderrama and the baptism of the chieftain Rahu and his wife.

💡Separate Education

Separate Education refers to the practice of having distinct schools for boys and girls during the Spanish colonial period. This concept is illustrated in the video script, which notes that schools were separated by gender, reflecting the societal norms and educational practices of the time. The video also touches on how only the wealthy Filipinos were accommodated in these schools, indicating a class-based inequality in access to education.

💡Compulsory Education

Compulsory Education is the mandatory requirement for children to attend school up to a certain age, as implemented by the Spanish colonial government in 1863. The video discusses how this policy made education free for all children between the ages of 7 to 13, aiming to promote literacy and the Spanish language. However, the video also points out that despite this policy, there was still inequality in accessing education, reflecting the broader social and economic disparities of the period.

💡Christian Doctrines

Christian Doctrines are the fundamental beliefs and teachings of Christianity. The video emphasizes that these doctrines were a central part of the curriculum during the Spanish colonial period, with the missionaries focusing on teaching these principles to the indigenous population. This was part of Spain's broader goal of converting the population to Catholicism and using religion as a tool for colonization.

💡Spanish Language

The Spanish Language was imposed as a medium of instruction and a subject of study during the Spanish colonial period in the Philippines. The video script mentions that learning Spanish was compulsory, reflecting Spain's aim to assimilate the local population and establish its cultural dominance. This policy had a lasting impact on the Philippines, as Spanish remains one of the country's official languages today.

💡Social Mobility

Social Mobility refers to the ability of individuals to move between different social classes, often through education. The video suggests that the Spanish colonial government promoted the idea that education could lead to social advancement, particularly for men. However, it also notes that this led to social inequality and female subordination, as education was prioritized for males and women were expected to focus on domestic roles.

💡Curriculum

Curriculum in the context of the video refers to the subjects and educational content taught during the Spanish colonial period. The video describes how the curriculum was structured around Christian doctrine, Spanish language, reading, writing, arithmetic, history, and Spanish culture. This curriculum was designed to promote Spanish values and cultural norms, as well as to assimilate the Filipino population into the Spanish colonial system.

💡Public School

Public School in the video refers to the establishment of government-funded educational institutions that were accessible to the general public. The video notes the creation of public schools in 1863 as part of the education reform act, which aimed to provide free education for children between the ages of 7 to 13. This marked a significant development in the Philippine educational system, as it expanded access to education beyond the elite and contributed to the democratization of learning.

💡Spanish Culture

Spanish Culture was actively promoted and imposed during the Spanish colonial period in the Philippines. The video discusses how the Spanish authorities aimed to assimilate the indigenous population into Spanish culture through education, which included teaching Spanish history, values, and etiquette. This cultural imposition was part of Spain's broader strategy to consolidate its colonial rule and create a population that identified with Spanish norms and traditions.

Highlights

Spanish colonial period in the Philippines began in 1521 with Ferdinand Magellan's arrival.

Education during Spanish colonization was controlled by friars and focused on Catholic religion.

Separate schools for boys and girls were established, with an emphasis on Christian doctrines.

Spanish missionaries aimed to convert the indigenous population and establish a foothold in the spice trade.

The first modern public and professional education system in Asia was created during the colonial period.

Education was compulsory, with a focus on teaching Spanish to better assimilate the population.

The first Christian school was established in Cebu in 1565 by the Augustinians.

Wealthy Filipinos were the primary beneficiaries of early education, reflecting social inequality.

King Phillip II's law mandated educating natives to read, write, and learn Spanish.

Colegio de San Ignacio, now Universidad de San Ignacio, was the first college for boys in Manila, established in 1589.

The Escuala Pia, now Ateneo de Manila University, was entrusted to the Jesuits in 1589.

Colegio de San Jose was established in the early 1600s by the friars.

Thomas Pinpin, the first Filipino author, published a book in 1610, marking a significant cultural milestone.

The University of Santo Tomas was established by the Dominicans in 1611, contributing to higher education.

San Juan de la Tran was built for orphan boys, highlighting the church's role in social welfare.

Colegios for girls were established later, with a focus on household chores and traditional female roles.

The Education Reform Act of 1863 made education free and compulsory for children aged 7 to 13.

Despite compulsory education, there was still inequality in access to education during the Spanish period.

The curriculum was structured around Christian doctrine, Spanish language, and Spanish history.

Education during the Spanish period aimed to promote Christianity, Spanish language, and culture.

The educational system reinforced social mobility through education and gender roles.

The Spanish colonial government established a centralized system with national and local administrations.