Skeletal system

Summary

This module delves into the intricacies of the human muscular skeletal system, emphasizing its role in providing structural support, protecting vital organs, and facilitating movement. It outlines the composition of the system, including bones, cartilage, ligaments, and tendons, and categorizes bones based on their shape and function. The module also explores different types of joints, highlighting their movement capabilities and the unique roles of connective tissues like tendons and ligaments in transmitting muscle force and providing joint stability. Understanding these components is crucial for movement analysis and overall human body functionality.

Takeaways

• 🏃‍♂️ The human body is a complex machine with the muscular skeletal system playing a key role in movement and structural integrity.
• 🦴 The skeletal system is composed of 206 bones, categorized into axial and appendicular parts for easier understanding.
• 💀 The axial skeleton includes the skull, rib cage, and vertebral column, providing form, function, and protection for vital organs.
• 🤸‍♀️ The appendicular skeleton consists of the limbs and girdles, facilitating movement, stability, and interaction with the environment.
• 🦵 Long bones like the femur and humerus support body weight and enable movement, while short and flat bones provide stability and protection.
• 🔗 Tendons and ligaments are crucial connective tissues; tendons attach muscle to bone for force transmission, and ligaments connect bones to provide joint stability.
• 🛡️ Cartilage acts as a cushion in joints, allowing for smooth movement and reducing friction, whereas fascia surrounds muscles and provides support and protection.
• 🔄 Joints are classified by their movement capability, ranging from immovable (synarthrosis) to freely movable (diarthrosis or synovial joints).
• 🔻 Pivot, saddle, hinge, and ball-and-socket joints are examples of different types, each allowing for specific ranges and directions of motion.
• 🏋️‍♂️ Understanding the skeletal system and joint types is fundamental for human movement science, aiding in the analysis and improvement of movement patterns.
• 🩹 Injuries to the skeletal system and connective tissues, such as tendonitis, sprains, and fascia tightness, can result from overuse, improper technique, or trauma.

Q & A

What is the primary function of the human skeletal system?

The primary function of the human skeletal system is to provide structural integrity, protect vital organs, and assist in movement.

How many bones are there in the human body, and what are the main components of the skeletal system?

There are 206 bones in the human body. The skeletal system is composed of bones, cartilage, ligaments, and tendons.

What are the two main divisions of the human skeleton?

The two main divisions of the human skeleton are the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton.

What are the key structures of the axial skeleton and what are their roles?

The key structures of the axial skeleton include the skull, rib cage, and vertebral column. The skull protects the brain and sensory organs, the rib cage provides protection for the lungs and heart, and the vertebral column supports the spinal cord.

What is the role of the appendicular skeleton in the body?

The appendicular skeleton facilitates movement, stability, and interaction within the environment. It includes the upper and lower limbs, which attach to the girdles and connect to the axial skeleton.

What are the different types of bones based on their shape, and what are their functions?

Bones are categorized into long bones, which support body weight and enable movement; short bones, which provide stability and support; flat bones, which protect organs and provide muscle attachment surfaces; irregular bones, which have complex shapes and include the vertebrae; and sesamoid bones, which reduce friction and protect tendons.

How are joints classified based on their movement capability?

Joints are classified as immovable (synarthrosis), slightly movable (amphiarthrosis), and freely movable (diarthrosis or synovial joints) based on their movement capability.

What is the role of tendons in the skeletal system?

Tendons are connective tissues that attach muscle to bone. They transmit the force generated by the muscle to the bones, which is crucial for efficient movement and stability.

What is the function of ligaments in the body?

Ligaments connect bones to other bones and provide stability to the joints. They help maintain natural alignment and prevent excessive and abnormal joint movement.

What is the main function of cartilage in the skeletal system?

Cartilage is a tough, flexible connective tissue that cushions the joints, providing structural support and allowing for smooth movement between bones.

What is fascia, and how does it contribute to the skeletal system?

Fascia is a connective tissue that surrounds muscles, blood vessels, and nerves. It provides support and protection to these structures and helps compartmentalize different muscle groups.

Outlines

00:00

💪 Introduction to the Human Body and Musculoskeletal System

This paragraph introduces the human body as a complex machine, focusing on the musculoskeletal system. It emphasizes the importance of understanding the mechanics of movement and the role of the muscular and skeletal systems in providing structural integrity, protecting vital organs, and enabling movement. The paragraph outlines the structure of the upcoming modules, which will delve into the anatomy of human joints and the functions of the muscular skeletal system, including the axial and appendicular skeletons.

05:00

🦴 Composition and Functions of the Musculoskeletal System

The paragraph discusses the composition of the musculoskeletal system, highlighting the 206 bones in the human body, the role of cartilage, ligaments, and tendons, and the division of the skeleton into axial and appendicular parts. It explains the functions of the axial skeleton, including the skull, rib cage, and vertebral column, and touches on the importance of understanding the structure and function of each part for movement analysis. The appendicular skeleton's role in facilitating movement, stability, and environmental interaction is also described.

10:03

🦵 Types and Functions of Bones

This section categorizes bones into five types based on their shape and function: long bones (e.g., femur and humerus), short bones (e.g., wrist and ankle bones), flat bones (e.g., skull and sternum), irregular bones (e.g., vertebrae), and sesamoid bones (e.g., patella). It explains how these bones contribute to body weight support, movement, stability, and muscle attachment. The dynamic nature of bones, their constant remodeling, and the importance of nutrition and exercise for bone health are also discussed.

15:03

🔗 Understanding Joints and Their Classification

The paragraph explains what joints are and how they are classified based on their movement capability. It introduces different types of joints, including immovable (synarthrosis), freely movable (diarthrosis or synovial joints), and limited mobility (amphiarthrosis) joints. The role of joints in providing stability, support, and allowing for movement is emphasized, with examples such as the sutures of the skull, the shoulder and hip joints, and the joints between vertebrae.

20:05

🔄 Types of Joint Movements and Their Functions

This section delves into the specifics of joint movements, starting with the pivot joint found in the neck that allows for rotational movement around a central axis. It then describes the saddle joint, which due to its shape, allows for a wide range of motion and fine movements, such as those of the thumb. The plain joint, characterized by flat and smooth surfaces, is designed for stability and a wide range of motion. Hinge joints, like the elbow and knee, allow for movement in one direction. The condyloid joint, with its oval and ball-head shapes, provides stability and versatility for movements like waving. Lastly, the ball and socket joint, the most mobile joint in the body, is exemplified by the hip and shoulder joints, offering stability and a wide range of movements in multiple directions.

25:06

🤕 Connective Tissues: Tendons, Ligaments, Cartilage, and Fascia

The paragraph discusses the crucial role of connective tissues in the musculoskeletal system. Tendons, which attach muscles to bones, transmit the force generated by muscles for efficient movement. Ligaments connect bones to each other, providing joint stability. Cartilage cushions joints, allowing for smooth movement between bones. Fascia surrounds muscles, blood vessels, and nerves, offering support and protection. Injuries to these tissues, such as tendonitis, ligament sprains or tears, and fascia tightness, can result from overuse, improper technique, or trauma and can lead to discomfort or reduced mobility.

30:09

📝 Recap of the Human Skeletal System and Connective Tissues

The final paragraph recaps the main points discussed in the module. It summarizes the human skeletal system's role in providing structural integrity, protecting vital organs, and assisting in movements. It reiterates the composition of the system, including bones, cartilage, ligaments, and tendons, and how bones are classified based on their shape. The paragraph also reviews the different types of joints based on movement capability and the unique roles of connective tissues in supporting and enabling movement.

Keywords

💡Musculoskeletal System

The musculoskeletal system is the complex network of bones, muscles, tendons, ligaments, and joints that work together to support the body's structure, enable movement, and protect vital organs. It is the main focus of the video, which discusses its functions, components, and the importance of its integration for overall human body functionality and well-being.

💡Axial Skeleton

The axial skeleton is the central core of the human body, consisting of the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage. It plays a fundamental role in maintaining the body's form and function by providing structural support and protecting vital organs such as the brain, heart, and lungs.

💡Appendicular Skeleton

The appendicular skeleton comprises the limbs and girdles of the human body, facilitating movement, stability, and interaction with the environment. It includes the upper limbs (arms) and lower limbs (legs) that attach to the shoulder and pelvic girdles, enabling a range of complex movements like reaching, grasping, and locomotion.

💡Joints

Joints are the connections between two or more bones that allow for movement. They are classified based on their movement capabilities into immovable (synarthroses), slightly movable (amphiarthroses), and freely movable (diarthroses or synovial joints). Joints are crucial for the flexibility and range of motion of the body.

💡Tendons

Tendons are connective tissues that attach muscles to bones, transmitting the force generated by muscles to the bones, which enables movement and provides stability. They are essential for efficient and powerful motion, and their health is critical for physical activities.

💡Ligaments

Ligaments are connective tissues that connect bones to other bones, providing stability to joints. They help maintain the natural alignment of joints and prevent excessive or abnormal joint movement, which is vital for the integrity and smooth functioning of the musculoskeletal system.

💡Cartilage

Cartilage is a tough yet flexible connective tissue that cushions joints, allowing for smooth movement between bones. It provides structural support and reduces friction, which is essential for joint health and mobility.

💡Fascia

Fascia is a connective tissue that surrounds muscles, blood vessels, and nerves, providing support and protection. It helps compartmentalize different muscle groups and creates pathways for blood vessels and nerves, playing a crucial role in the body's structural integrity and movement.

💡Bone Remolding

Bone remodeling is the continuous process of bone resorption (breaking down) and formation (building up), which allows bones to adapt to physical stress and heal from injuries. This dynamic process is vital for maintaining bone health and structural integrity.

💡Skeletal Structures

Skeletal structures refer to the various components of the skeletal system, including bones, cartilage, tendons, ligaments, and fascia. These structures work together to support the body, enable movement, and protect vital organs.

Highlights

The human body is a complex machine with different systems working in harmony.

The muscular skeletal system is integral for movement, structural integrity, and protection of vital organs.

The human skeleton is made up of 206 bones, divided into the axial and appendicular skeleton.

The axial skeleton provides structural support and protects vital organs, including the brain, heart, and lungs.

The appendicular skeleton facilitates movement, stability, and interaction with the environment.

The pectoral girdle (shoulder girdle) connects the upper limbs to the axial skeleton, providing mobility and flexibility.

The pelvic girdle supports body weight and provides stability, attaching the lower limbs to the axial skeleton.

Bones are dynamic connective tissues that undergo constant remodeling through resorption and formation.

Bones are categorized into long, short, flat, and irregular bones based on their shape and function.

Joints are connections between bones that allow for movement, classified by their movement capability.

Synarthroses are immovable joints, like the sutures of the skull, providing stability and support.

Diarthroses, or synovial joints, are freely movable joints that are the most common type in the human body.

Amphiarthroses have limited mobility and provide stability while allowing for slight movement.

Tendons are connective tissues that attach muscles to bones, transmitting the force generated by muscles for movement.

Ligaments connect bones to bones, providing stability to joints and maintaining natural alignment.

Cartilage is a tough, flexible connective tissue that cushions joints and allows for smooth movement.

Fascia is a connective tissue that surrounds muscles, providing support and protection, and compartmentalizing muscle groups.

Injuries to the skeletal system, such as tendonitis, sprains, and tears, can result from overuse, trauma, or improper technique.

Understanding the skeletal system and its components is crucial for human movement science and overall well-being.

Transcripts

[Music]

hello and welcome to module 2 the human

body we've previously discussed an

introduction into human movement science

we've understood what the field entails

we've also looked at a couple of

interviews of experts in the field field

and how they utilize U movement analysis

or the study of human movement science

in their day-to-day professional lives

so before we understand the mechanics of

the movement which will follow in the uh

next few modules let's understand the

human body the human body is a very

fascinating complex machine as you all

know it consists of different systems in

the body but for first and importantly

let's look at the muscular skill

skeletal system so in this module we'll

be looking at the human body

specifically the muscular skeletal

system functions of the muscular

skeletal

system skeletal structures so the

important structures that are there

within the muscular skeletal system that

allow for movement that are designed for

movement we'll also be looking at the

anatomy of human joints so how exactly

do we move where do these bones connect

right so so the muscular skeletal system

it's an intricate network of of bones

and muscles you also have skeletal

structures of tendons ligaments and

joints that collectively support the

body's structure they enable movement

and they also protect vital organs so

it's very important that the muscles and

Bones Work in integration a harmonious

integration to provide structural

integrity and also to allow for movement

which is key for overall functional and

well-being of the human body so the

skeletal system system is made out of

206 bones in our body the human skeletal

system provides structural support as we

learned earlier it also helps us protect

vital organs and assist in movement so

it's composed of Bones cartilage

ligaments and tendons so all of these

are

different connective tissues that we

will be

studying as we progress in this module

and the quite

key um to know they're quite key to

understand movement so this system is

divided into axial and appendicular

skeleton so just for the for our purpose

of understanding and for easier

understanding per se it's divided into

axial and appendicular skeleton so let's

look at this uh nomenclature and the

division so the axial skeleton plays a

fundamental Ro role in maintaining the

body's Form and Function so it's very

important we

know what its role is and what does it

consist of so so the axial skeleton

consist of the

skull it consists of the rib cage that

protects your lungs and your heart so

give structural support and then also

our vertebral column that supports the

spinal cord

inside

so in the vertebral

column we

have cervical

vertebrae we

have thoracic

vertebrae we have

lumbar

vertebrae

and sacrum

or

sacral

vertebrae so just um a note that

although we are covering the human

muscular skeletal system uh for human

movement science purposes of course you

don't dwell too much into the detail of

what these uh vertebrae look like um

it's key to understand what it's each

function is how they are designed um to

know what movement is allowed at each of

these vertebrae and for you to know more

we do have other modules as well that

dwell into anatomy and physiology so I

would highly recommend to get into the

details but for this module we'll be

sticking to um brief details of the

axial skeleton its function and what

does it consist

of um specifically let's look at the

skull so what does the skull do the

skull protects the brain and the sensory

organs within it

so let's do

[Music]

brain and it

protects so it provides stability there

as well then we have the vertebral

column that supports and encases the

spinal cord as we spoke about earlier

and the rib cage that protects the

thoracic organs like heart and the

lungs the appendicular skeleton

facilitates movement stability and the

interaction within the environment so

this term appendicular here

means

parts

that

append

or

attach so what that means

is you have the upper Limbs and lower

limbs of the body that attach to the

girdles right let's look at these

girdles in details in the next slide and

that connect them to the axial skeleton

so what are these girdles that we we are

talking

about so you have the pelvic girdle

sorry you have the pelvic girdle and you

have the shoulder girdle so these upper

limbs what do they do their function

it's enable intricate movement including

reaching grasp manipulating

objects um are some of the essential

movements of the upper limbs so the

lower limbs on the other hand support

body weight balance and also facilitate

Locomotion or

movement so let's look at these girdles

so we have something called as the

pectoral girdle or the shoulder girdle

so it connects these this Upper Limb to

the connects the upper limbs to the

axial skeleton so what does it consist

of it consist of this shoulder

blade so this shoulder blade called as

scapula and then you have

your collar

bone that is

your

clavicle

right so that's your pectoral girdle or

shoulder girdle so its key function is

to provide mobility and flexibility to

the arms that it is attaching to the

actual

skeleton so the pelvic

girdle it attaches the lower limbs to

the axial

skeleton so that's

the pelvic

gurle

so its function is to support body

weight and provide stability so as we

know that the hip bones take most of the

weight of the body and the pelvic girdle

uh that it attaches to and it provides

support and

stability so let's look at some of the

skeletal structures in the body

now so one of the key or the main

skeletal structure is the bone so what

is the bone and as we spoke about

earlier it's a connective tissue that

provides structural

support protects the internal organs and

it also serves as an attachment site for

the muscles so very important to know

this is it serves as an attachment site

for the

muscles so bones they're quite dynamic

they undergo constant remodeling you

know through bone reabsorb absorption

there's bone formation so whenever you

have an injury and you know uh you're

building a new bone or when you have a

fracture and the bone is broken down it

has the capacity of healing so they are

quite Dynamic and they undergo constant

remodeling through the processes of bone

resorption and Bone formation so bone

health is quite crucial for structural

Integrity the overall Integrity of the

human

body and it requires good diet or good

nutrition good balance of exercise

hormonal regulation quite key for bone

health so how are these bones

categorized into you know it's very

important to know them we have 206 of

them so let's look at how these bones

are categorized and based on the

categorization what's their

function so the first category is long

bones so they called long because they

are longer than they are wide so imagine

the femur bone in the body so that's

your

femur which is your thigh

bone you can also look at

humorus which is that

bone so your upper arm bone so these are

longer so they're longer

then they

are

wider so what is its function they

support body weight and they enable

movement the next category of

Bones is short

bones so as opposed to the long bones

they're nearly equal in length and width

so as you can see it's pretty much equal

in lead and width so you can look at our

wrist B bones or our ankle bones that

are equal in length and width so these

are short bones and they provide

stability and support also in addition

they they are also attachment sides for

your ankle and wrist

muscles flat Bones on the other hand

which is our third category they are

thin and they are quite flattened right

so example the skull bones

quite

thin

flattened right also your

scapula

sorry another example of a flat

bone and your

sternum so your sternum is where your

rib attach right so they as you can see

here they protect the organs and provide

surface for muscle attachments so all of

your rib muscles which are called as

inter coal muscles so they attach here

your shoulder muscles or rotator cuff

attached to the scapula and then of

course the skull protects the

brain inside

it our fourth category is something

called as irregular bones so we've

looked at long short and flat but

something of an irregular bone is they

don't have a particular shape so they

are they are complexed shaped so for

example vertebra as you can

see um they're neither long neither

short neither flat it's an irregular

bone and what they do is they form the

vertebral column so they form this

vertebral column and they provide

support and protection to the spinal

cord as we've looked at earlier so based

on just an additional information for

you based on where these are

located so based on

location the shape of these bones shape

of

these

ver they change

right so let's look at our fifth

category which is the sesamoid bones so

sesamoid bones are they quite small and

they usually embedded within the tendons

so let's let's look at tendons in the

next few slides but for you to remember

they're small and they're embedded in

the tendons so for example your kneecap

that's that's the best example so that's

your

kneecap and you have the patella bone

that is embeded in the

kneecap so what is the function of the

seso bone they reduce friction and

protect tendons from excessive vear and

tear so all of your ACL injuries PCL

injuries very very very important to

keep a healthy knee joint that is

protecting the patella bone and the tiia

and the femur that is attached to

it so let's look at type of joints now

that we know the different type of Bones

and how they're categorized based on

shapes let's look at type of joints so

what is what is a joint a joint is a

connection between two or more

bones so this is particularly to allow

movement so for us to understand

movement where it is occuring how does

it occur it is very important for us to

understand the type of

joints so these type of joints they are

classified by movement capability so

let's look at the first

one so sin arthrosis is an immovable

joint so sin here

means held together firmly coming

together firmly and arth is means it's a

medical

term it's a

medical

term

for

joints just makes

the understanding and remembrance of

this word easier so your sin

means

together for

firmly and arthrosis means joints so sin

arthrosis is an immovable joint so

example the sutures of the skull so they

don't really move so it's a joint where

as we said bones are held together

firmly and do not allow for movement so

their role is to provide stability and

support to the structures they connect

so we've we've looked at it enough now

that the skull protects the brain and

the structures within it and provides

stability as well to your head so let's

look at

diarthrosis which is our second type of

joint so

D is either

two

or

both and arthrosis as we know is a joint

so these are freely movable

joints for example elbow shoulder and

hip right so this in this joint two

articulating surfaces so two surfaces

that are attaching together are within a

joint

cavity that allow for a wide range of

movement right they're also known as

synovial joints so synovial joints is

because of this liquid which is

a

sovial fluid

that is

important

for shock

absorption so important

for shock

absorption right and they are the most

common type of joints in the human

body so they're characterized as we said

by a joint capsule so there's usually a

capsule the

fluid and an articular

cartilage

right so we'll we'll see more about

cartilages and tendons in the following

few slides but you all you have to

remember is they are categorized by a

joint capsule sovial fluid and articular

C cartilage that allow for smooth and

flexible movement right it's very

important that synovial joints as they

are the most common type of joints in

the human body so another type of joints

is amphi arthrosis amphia

means

both which means that it has limited

Mobility so it does not have much

mobility and it also has Mobility which

is why it's called amphy arthrosis as we

looked at is joints so examp example the

adjoining vertebraes so they have

limited mobility within them right so

joint which allows for a slight or

limited movement on both

sides so it's important so imagine

yourself U side bending or doing a slide

flexion so you have these adjoining

vertebras that are providing this

movement on both

sides so they provide stability and

support while all owing for limited

movement as we looked

at so now that we looked at the

different categorization of the joints

let's look at how are these named and

based on their type or the shape of

these joints how exactly the function

happens So based on the nature and the

type of the joint movement availability

varies how the movement availability

varies and what movement m is available

at each joint we will be looking at that

in module three for now let's look at

the type of joints so the first type of

joint is a pivot joint right so that's a

first type of joint so what do you mean

by the word pivot so this joint got its

name for categorization from uh

something that pivots so which has a

rotational movement and it has around a

central axis so around that axis you are

having this rotational movement so

example of that is a neck joint so here

at your cervical vertebra so again for

your more understanding at C1 C2

vertebra you have the neck joint so what

does it allow for it provides necessary

range of motion which is nothing but

movement while providing stability and

support so that's your pivot

joint the next type of joint is saddle

joint so as this word suggest

saddle the joint is shaped like a saddle

so as you can look

here it has concave and convex surface

so this is

your concave and convex surfaces so

where are these present they are present

in the carpo metac car

joint of the thumb so it's present in

the carpo metac carple joint of the

thumb now based on its shape it allows

for wide range of motion so we have wide

range of motion at the thumb and its

function is to look at fine movements so

the fine movements that we do with the

thumb like writing you know like holding

grasping all of those movements it also

provides for a unique motion which is

you know the ability for you to touch

your thumb and your pinky finger or all

your all your fingers right so it allows

for Unique motion because of its shape

so that's the saddle

joint the next type of joint is the

plain joint so plain joint here as the

name suggests is characterized by flat

and relatively smooth surfaces so

imagine these flat and relatively smooth

surfaces that

can

slide and

glide so your two

surfaces that can slide and glide over

each other

over

right that's the plane joint so what are

they designed for they designed for

again stability most of the joints of

course are designed for stability and

they're also quite versatile as they

provide wide range of motion so these

are for example your inasal joint here

right so the next type of joint let's

look at is hinge joint so as the name

suggest here hinge again imagine like a

mechanical hinge on the

door right which which allows for

um movement in One Direction so again

like the previous joint we have a convex

and a concave interlock same as the

hinge so you have

the convex and the concave

interlock

interlock

like

door

like the door

hinge right so it primary allows for One

Direction movement same like the door so

how the door it opens and

closes and provides stability as we know

all joints do and control for specific

movements so in this case here imagine

bending your arm and straightening it

what is this motion called we will look

at it in the next coming modules so that

is at

the

elbow

joint and another example is

the

knee knee

joint both of them are hinged

joints now let's look at cond deloid

joint now this condid word here comes

from one of the sides of the joint being

being shaped like an oval which is also

called an

ellipsoid and the other one has a ball

head so one side has the ball

head the other one has

a

ellipsoidal um you can say

cavity or a depression where it

attaches

right so its function is again to

provide St stability and versatility for

wide range of

movements and the example here is a

wrist joint right so your radiocarpal

joint you have a lot of movements at the

wrist again detail of these uh movements

we look at it in the coming

modules and also your knuckle joints as

well so let's again this joint provides

unique actions like waving your hand

fingers in

multi-direction

right now let's look at the last type of

joint which is your ball and socket

joint so again here you have a concave

socket that's your concave socket and

then you have the bone with the ball

head right so that when these two attach

you get a ball

then

socket

joint

right so these allow for wide range of

movements in multiple directions and

because of that they are the most mobile

joints in the body so example of this is

your hip joint and then also

your shoulder joint

right so your hip joint that's the

hip joint and

your shoulder joint right so they

provide stability Mobility flexibility

and vers they're quite

versatile as they provide wide range of

movements

now that we've looked at bones type of

Bones let's look at some of the

structures that we mentioned earlier and

then we came across earlier which are

tendons ligaments cartilage and fascia

so as you can see here in the image

tendons cartilage ligaments and fascia

are quite crucial connective tissues so

they all have a very distinct role that

they play but commonly they support and

enable movement and provide structural

Integrity similar to

the as the bone

does so tendons let's look at them first

they are connective tissues that attach

muscle to the Bone so they either wrap

around bones or they pass over joints so

this here is a

tendon it's attaching the muscle to the

Bone

so what is their function they transmit

the force that is generated by the

muscle so the force then gets

transmitted by the muscle to the

bones and hence they are quite important

for efficient movement and

stability right so injuries such as

tendonitis which is an inflamed tendon

or any kind of tear here so any kind of

tear here uh may result from either

overuse very common if we don't uh pay

attention to how our workouts and

everything are designed if you do it if

you overwork out if there's any trauma

improper Technique we will talk about

this in module 6 improper technique

during physical activities or sport so

it's quite important to maintain good

tendon health so that the force that is

transmitted by the muscles can reach the

bone that allows for efficient

movement the next uh skeletal structure

we looking at is a ligament let's not

get too overwhelmed with this um picture

of the knee we just have couple of

things that we spoke about earlier we

have the femur bone which is

your thigh

bone and then this is your tiia this is

p

as we spoke about earlier which is a

seso bone and then we have this as your

tendon like we looked at in the previous

slide so it's attaching the quadriceps

muscle to the patella so it's called a

quadriceps

tendon so this is the articular

cartilage that we talk about let's look

at it in the next slide and the ligament

here it connects bones to Bones right so

as you can see it in the picture it

connects bones to bones and provides

stability to the Joint so for example

this one here which is your anterior

cruciate ligament which is nothing but

your ACL and your posterior cruciate

liament which is nothing but your PCL

two very important ligaments of the knee

we will be looking at how to manage um

injuries reduce injuries with related to

these two um ligaments in sport so for

now a ligament is a skeletal structure

that connects bones to bones to provide

stability another ligament here which is

got

your patella tendon ligament that is

connecting this small bone of patella to

the tibia so it's very important um that

your

ligaments help your or knee to maintain

a natural alignment and prevent

excessive and abnormal joint movement so

injuries to the ligaments like sprains

or tears are generally a result of

sudden twisting motion or excessive

force on the joint so in sport like

soccer and basketball ACL injuries are

quite common we'll be looking at the

injury mechanics in the following

modules but for you to remember that

sprains and tears of the ligament are uh

due to the sudden twisting motion or

excessive force on the knee

joint another skeletal uh structure that

we finally come to is the cartilage so

cartilage is a tough it's a very tough

flexible connective tissue and its main

function is to cushion the joints so it

provides structural support and also

allows for smooth movement between the

bones so for example if you have a look

at here

you have your articular cartilage so

this cartilage here for example it's

very

important that it cushions the joint so

it cushions the joints and also allows

for the movement so damage to the

cartilage such as an

osteoarthritis which is a clinical

condition can lead to join pain and

decreased

Mobility

another important skeletal uh structure

is what we know as fascia so fascia is a

connective tissue that surrounds muscles

so we've looked at muscle to bone bone

to bone another important connective

tissue is the cartilage that we looked

at in the earlier slides but fascia here

is a connective tissue that surrounds

muscles or group of muscles right or

blood vessels and nerves so what it does

is it provides support and protection to

these structures so as we can see

here that is

a

fascia right so it's providing it's

surrounding this

muscle so it also helps

compartmentalized different muscle

groups so imagine the muscle groups in

your calf muscles fascia helps comp

departmentalize these different muscle

groups and it provides pathway for blood

vessels and nerves to

travel through the body so it's an

important connective

tissue so injuries to the fascia can

occur when it becomes extremely tight

and it also develops trigger points so

as you must have um you know going to

your

um physio with tight trigger points or

fascia being tight it can lead to

discomfort or pain in the muscles and

the tissue so that's a minor injury to

the

fascia so in this entire module let's

just recap and look at the summary so

what did we learn about we learned about

the human skeletal system its major role

which is to provide structural Integrity

protect vital organs and also assist in

movements what is it composed of it's

composed of your bones skeletal

structures like cartilage ligaments and

tendons a bone as we looked at is a

specialized connective tissue and they

are classified based on their shape when

two bones come together to form a

connection uh to allow for movement it

is known as a joint and these are

categorized based on movement capability

we also looked at tendons cartilage

ligaments and fascia which are crucial

connective tissues that each have a very

unique role that help in providing

structural Integrity again support and

also allowing for

[Music]

movement