BAB II | FASE A. Rangka Tubuh | XI BIOLOGI | KURIKULUM MERDEKA
Summary
TLDRThis educational video explores the human skeletal system, focusing on its structure and functions. It delves into the axial and appendicular skeletons, highlighting the role of bones like the skull, ribs, and vertebrae in protecting vital organs and supporting body movement. The video also discusses the skeletal system's involvement in blood cell production and mineral storage, providing a comprehensive overview of its importance in the human body.
Takeaways
- 𦴠The human skeleton consists of approximately 270 bones that reduce to 206 as we grow and develop.
- πΊ The skeleton is divided into two main parts: the axial skeleton, which includes the skull, spine, and rib cage, and the appendicular skeleton, which includes the limbs and girdles.
- π‘οΈ The skeleton serves multiple functions, such as providing shape and posture, protecting vital organs, supporting movement, producing blood cells, storing minerals and energy, and generating immune cells.
- ποΈ The axial skeleton is composed of 80 bones and includes the skull, which protects the brain, and the spine, which supports the body and allows for flexibility.
- π The skull is further divided into the cranium, facial bones, and sutures, with specific bones like the malleus, incus, and stapes playing a role in sound transmission.
- 𦴠The vertebral column is made up of 33 vertebrae, which are connected by intervertebral discs that allow for movement and support the body's weight.
- π‘οΈ The rib cage, consisting of the sternum and ribs, protects the lungs and heart and is connected to the spine through cartilage.
- π€² The appendicular skeleton includes 126 bones and is responsible for the movement of the limbs, including the pectoral girdle that connects the arms to the torso.
- 𦡠The upper limbs consist of the humerus, radius, and ulna, with the carpal bones in the wrist and metacarpal bones in the hand, facilitating complex movements.
- π¦Ώ The lower limbs include the femur, tibia, and fibula, with the patella protecting the knee joint, and tarsal and metatarsal bones in the feet providing support and balance.
- π£ Each foot has 26 bones, with the toes consisting of proximal, middle, and distal phalanges, except for the big toe which has two.
Q & A
What is the primary function of the human skeletal system?
-The primary function of the human skeletal system is to provide support and shape to the body, protect soft organs, serve as a point of attachment for muscles, support movement, play a role in hematopoiesis (the formation of blood cells), store minerals and energy, and produce immune cells in the bone marrow.
How many bones are typically found in the human body, and how does this number change with growth and development?
-There are approximately 270 bones in the human body at birth, but this number decreases to 206 bones as the body grows and matures.
What are the two main divisions of the human skeletal system?
-The two main divisions of the human skeletal system are the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton.
What is the role of the axial skeleton in the body?
-The axial skeleton forms the central axis of the body and consists of 80 bones, including the skull, the vertebral column, and the rib cage, and it plays a crucial role in protecting vital organs such as the brain, heart, and lungs.
What are the three main parts of the skull, and what do they protect?
-The three main parts of the skull are the cranium, which protects the brain; the facial bones, which form the structures of the face; and the sutures, which are the immovable joints that hold the skull bones together.
What is the function of the inner ear bones in the human body?
-The inner ear bones, known as the malleus, incus, and stapes, function to receive and transmit sound impulses.
How many pairs of ribs are there in the human body, and what is their main function?
-There are 12 pairs of ribs in the human body, and their main function is to protect the lungs and heart and to support the thoracic cage.
What is the function of the spine in the human body?
-The spine, also known as the vertebral column, provides structural support, allows for flexibility and movement, and protects the spinal cord.
What is the appendicular skeleton, and how many pairs of bones does it consist of?
-The appendicular skeleton consists of the limbs and the girdles that attach them to the axial skeleton, and it comprises 126 pairs of bones.
What are the main components of the upper limb girdle, and what is their function?
-The upper limb girdle consists of the clavicle and the scapula, which connect the arm to the trunk and provide attachment points for muscles of the neck, thorax, and arm.
What is the role of the pelvis in the human body, and what does it protect?
-The pelvis supports the weight of the upper body, protects the internal organs within the pelvic cavity, including the reproductive and urinary organs, and plays a role in the support and movement of the lower limbs.
Outlines
𦴠Human Skeletal System Overview
This paragraph introduces the study of the human skeletal system, focusing on its role in movement and support. The skeleton, composed of approximately 270 bones in humans, is categorized into the axial and appendicular skeletons. The axial skeleton includes the skull, vertebrae, and ribs, serving to protect vital organs such as the brain, ears, and eyes. The appendicular skeleton consists of the limbs and their connection to the axial skeleton, with joints playing a crucial role in movement. Bones also have additional functions such as blood cell production, mineral storage, and energy regulation. The paragraph delves into the specifics of the skull's composition, the function of the inner ear bones in sound transmission, and the structure of the spine and ribcage.
π€² Detailed Anatomy of the Appendicular Skeleton
The second paragraph provides an in-depth look at the appendicular skeleton, which includes the upper and lower limbs. It discusses the shoulder joint, composed of the scapula and clavicle, and its connection to the arm via the humerus, radius, and ulna. The hand's structure is explored, highlighting the carpal bones, metacarpals, and phalanges. The paragraph then moves to the pelvic girdle, explaining its role in supporting body weight and protecting internal organs. It describes the composition of the lower limb, including the femur, tibia, and fibula, and their functions in body support and movement. The foot's anatomy is also covered, detailing the tarsal, metatarsal, and phalanges bones, and their importance in balance and locomotion.
Mindmap
Keywords
π‘Skeletal System
π‘Axial Skeleton
π‘Appendicular Skeleton
π‘Vertebrae
π‘Sternum
π‘Humerus
π‘Femur
π‘Talus
π‘Metacarpals
π‘Phalanges
π‘Hematopoiesis
Highlights
The human skeleton, also known as the endoskeleton, is a passive movement apparatus composed of approximately 270 bones.
The number of bones decreases to 206 as the body grows and develops.
The skeleton is divided into the axial and appendicular skeleton, serving various functions including support and protection.
The axial skeleton consists of 80 bones, including the skull, vertebrae, and ribs, protecting vital organs such as the brain and heart.
The skull is divided into the cranial, facial, and suture bones, with specific functions in head shape and protection of sensory organs.
The inner ear bones, malleus, incus, and stapes, are crucial for sound reception and transmission.
The hyoid bone, shaped like the letter U, supports the muscles of the mouth and tongue, aiding in swallowing.
The vertebral column is composed of 20 bones connected by fibrocartilage, supporting the head and body posture.
The thoracic cage, made of the sternum and ribs, protects the lungs and heart and supports respiratory movements.
The appendicular skeleton consists of 126 bones, including the upper and lower limbs, facilitating movement.
The pectoral girdle, comprising the clavicle and scapula, connects the arm to the trunk and supports arm movement.
The upper limb includes the humerus, radius, and ulna, with specific roles in arm and forearm structure and movement.
The carpal bones, arranged in two rows, contribute to the wrist's flexibility and complexity.
The pelvic girdle, consisting of the hip bones, supports body weight and protects the pelvic cavity's internal organs.
The lower limb includes the femur, tibia, and fibula, which are essential for body support and movement.
The patella, a triangular sesamoid bone, covers the knee joint and protects it.
The tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges make up the foot, with specific bones contributing to its structure and function.
Each toe has three phalanges except the big toe, which has two, contributing to the foot's dexterity.
Transcripts
Assalamualaikum warahmatullahi
wabarakatuh kembali lagi di rc channel
di video kali ini kita akan belajar
materi biologi kelas 11 kurikulum
merdeka merdeka belajar
materi yang akan kita bahas yaitu sistem
gerak materi yaitu rangka tubuh
rangka tubuh
tulang-tulang dalam tubuh berperan untuk
membangun Raka atau disebut juga dengan
Skeleton yang merupakan alat gerak pasif
endoskeleton yaitu rangka tubuh manusia
atau hewan vertebrata yang ditutupi oleh
otot dan kulit pada tubuh manusia
terdapat sekitar 270 tulang namun
seiring dengan pertumbuhan dan
berkembang akan berubah menjadi 26
tulang
[Musik]
rangka tubuh dibagi dua yaitu rangka
aksial dan rangka apendikular
fungsi rangka tubuh yaitu memberi bentuk
dan postur pada tubuh
melindungi organ yang lunak sebagai
penyangga berat badan tempat melekatnya
otot rangka
mendukung terjadinya gerakan
berperan sebagai hematopoesis yaitu
berupa pembentukan sel darah sebagai
tempat penyimpanan mineral dan energi
dan menghasilkan sel imunitas di sumsum
rangka aksial rangka pada sumbu tubuh
yang terdiri dari 80 tulang rangka
aksial terdiri dari tulang tengkorak
tulang telinga dalam dan hiroid tulang
dada dan tulang rusuk
tulang tengkorak tulang tengkorak
berjumlah 22 buah berfungsi untuk
melindungi otak organ pendengaran dan
organ penglihatan
tulang tengkorak dibagi 3 yaitu tulang
ranial tulang fatial dan sutura tulang
Rania berfungsi untuk membentuk tulang
kepala tulang Fasia yaitu membentuk
tulang pipi hidung dan rahang
sedangkan sutura yaitu tulang tengkorak
yang bersambung dan tidak dapat
digerakkan menjadi tiga yaitu
sutura serate sutura squamosa dan sutura
harmonia
tulang telinga dalam dan tulang ioid
tulang telinga dalam berfungsi untuk
menerima dan mentransmisikan impul suara
terdapat tiga pasang tulang telinga
yaitu tulang malleus tulang infus dan
tulang stephes tulang ioid berbentuk
huruf u dan terletak di antara laring
dan mandibula
berfungsi sebagai tempat melekatnya otot
mulut dan lidah sehingga dapat membantu
proses menelan
tulang belakang
tulang belakang tersusun atas 20 nomor
ruas yang masing-masing dihubungkan oleh
cakram tulang rawan Fibrosis yang
gunanya untuk memungkinkan tulang untuk
dapat tegak dan membeku
fungsinya untuk menopang kepala dan
bagian tubuh lainnya
melindungi organ dalam tubuh tempat
melekatnya tulang rusuk dan menentukan
sikap tubuh
tulang dada dan tulang rusuk tulang dada
dan tulang rusuk berfungsi untuk
melindungi paru-paru dan jantung
tulang dada berbentuk pipih dan melebar
serta berhubungan dengan tulang rusuk
melalui sambungan tulang rawan jumlahnya
satu buah dan terdiri atas tiga bagian
yaitu money korpus verni dan proses
tulang rusuk
tulang rusuk bagian belakang berhubungan
dengan ruas-ruas tulang belakang melalui
persendian
jumlahnya 12 pasang di sebelah kiri dan
di sebelah kanan
dibedakan menjadi tiga macam yaitu
tulang rusuk sejati tulang rusuk
melayang dan tulang rusuk palsu rangka
apendikular
rangka apendikular yaitu rangka anggota
gerak tubuh yang berjumlah 126 pasang
terdiri dari gelang bahu anggota gerak
atas anggota gerak bawah dan gerak
panggul
gelang bahu gelang bahu yaitu persendian
yang menghubungkan lengan dengan badan
terdiri dari tulang scapula dan tulang
raficula tulang skapula berbentuk pipih
hampir segitiga dan terdapat tonjolan
terdapat pada bagian punggung luar atas
terdapat pelekatan sebagian otot dinding
dada dan lengan
berbentuk panjang sedikit bengkok
seperti huruf s
berfungsi sebagai tempat melekatnya otot
leher toraks punggung dan lengan
anggota gerak atas terdiri dari humerus
radius
humerus yaitu berbentuk seperti tongkat
terdapat kepala sendi yang disebut
dengan kapuk humeri radius berbentuk
panjang dan terletak lateral sejajar ibu
jari ulna berbentuk panjang dan tulang
bawah yang sejajar jari kelingking
carpal terdiri dari 8 tulang tersusun
dua baris pendek dan berbentuk variatif
metakarp terdiri dari tulang pipa pendek
berjumlah 5 buah
terdiri dari tulang pipa pendek dan
berjumlah 14
gelang panggul terdiri atas tiga pasang
tulang yang bersatu yaitu tulang usus
tulang kemaluan dan tulang duduk
berfungsi untuk menyangga berat badan
melindungi bagian dalam rongga pelvis
yang berisi organ kandung kemih dan alat
kandungan pada wanita
anggota gerak bawah terdiri dari timur
tulang pipa terpanjang dan terbesar
terdapat kepala sendi yang disebut
dengan kaput femoris Tibia tulang pipa
terbesar setelah tulang paha berperan
dalam menopang tubuh terdapat tonjolan
yang disebut dengan maleolus media
fibulah tulang pipa paling ramping
berperan menambah area pelekatan otot
terdapat tonjolan yang disebut dengan
maleolus ateral patella tulang pipih
berbentuk segitiga yang sudutnya
membulat
[Musik]
anggota gerak bawah terdiri dari tarsal
Meta tarsal dan talangis terdiri dari 7
tulang kecil pada tiap kaki jenisnya ada
talus totoneus navicular kuboid dan kuno
terdiri atas 5 tulang pipa berbentuk
tulang panjang
talangis terdiri atas tulang pendek
berjumlah 14 buah pada setiap kaki
setiap jari memiliki 3 ruas tulang
kecuali ibu jari hanya memiliki dua ruas
tulang
Oke cukup materi tentang rangka tubuh
materi selanjutnya yaitu tulang ada di
video Selanjutnya ya Wassalamualaikum
warahmatullahi wabarakatuh
[Musik]
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