How, When and Where Class 8 Social Science History (Part-1) | What is History | BYJU'S - Class 8

Summary

In this engaging social science class, students embark on a journey through history, focusing on the significance of dates and their correlation with historical events. The instructor introduces the 5W1H framework to dissect historical studies, emphasizing the importance of chronology and periodization. The session aims to demystify the study of history, making it more accessible and highlighting its relevance to understanding societal changes over time. The class concludes with a thought-provoking question about the spread of Jainism in India, encouraging students to apply their newfound knowledge.

Takeaways

• 📚 The session introduces an engaging approach to social science history lessons for grade 8, focusing on the 'how, when, and where' of historical study.
• 🤔 The instructor addresses the common challenge of finding history difficult to study and promises to make it more accessible through the lesson.
• 🗓 The chapter 'How, When, and Where' aims to clarify the significance of dates in history and the concept of periodization in the context of Indian history.
• 🏛 It discusses the importance of comparing and contrasting different sources used by historians to understand colonial history.
• 🧩 The 5W1H framework (What, Why, Who, When, Where, How) is introduced as a tool for detailed study and asking the right questions about historical events.
• 👨‍👧 The example of birth dates is used to illustrate the importance of dates in understanding the sequence of events, which is fundamental to chronology.
• 🌟 The session explains that history is about identifying changes over time, and studying these changes provides a better understanding of the present.
• 📊 The concept of periodization is highlighted as a method for studying history by dividing it into distinct time periods, making it more comprehensible.
• 🏛 The instructor points out that the significance of dates in history is determined by their relevance to people's lives and the perspectives of those recounting the events.
• 👵 The personal history of grandparents, divided into life stages, serves as an analogy for periodization in historical study, emphasizing the importance of understanding sequences and groupings of events.
• 💬 The session concludes with an interactive question about the spread of Jainism in India, encouraging students to apply what they've learned about periodization and the significance of dates in history.

Q & A

What is the main focus of the first history lesson for grade 8?

The main focus of the first history lesson for grade 8 is to understand the relationship between dates and history, periodization of Indian history, and to learn how to study history better using the 5W1H framework.

What does the 5W1H framework stand for and how does it help in studying history?

The 5W1H framework stands for the questions: What, Why, Who, When, Where, and How. It helps in studying history by asking these basic questions to understand events in detail and to structure the study of historical events.

Why are dates important in the study of history?

Dates are important in the study of history because they help establish the sequence of events, allowing us to understand the order in which things happened and the time periods between them.

What is the significance of chronology in history?

Chronology is the significance of arranging events in the order they occurred. It is crucial in history as it helps in understanding the timeline and the progression of events.

Why should we study history, according to the lesson?

We should study history to understand the changes that have occurred over time, which provides a better understanding of the world we live in.

How does the perspective of historians affect the importance of certain dates in history?

The perspective of historians affects the importance of certain dates in history by determining which events are considered significant based on their relevance to people's lives and the historian's viewpoint.

What is periodization and how does it relate to the study of history?

Periodization is the process of dividing history into distinct time periods. It helps in studying history by organizing events into manageable segments that can be analyzed and compared.

Can you provide an example of how periodization is used in the script?

In the script, the example of periodization is given by how grandparents would describe their life, dividing it into childhood, teenage years, middle age, and old age, which helps in understanding the sequence and changes over time.

What is the role of dates in studying the history of cultural practices like the use of chai or wheels?

While exact dates may not be available for the history of cultural practices like chai or wheels, periodization allows us to study these histories by focusing on the time periods during which these practices were adopted and evolved.

How does the script suggest we determine the importance of dates in history?

The script suggests that the importance of dates in history is determined by the relevance of the event to people's lives and the perspective of those discussing the events.

Outlines

00:00

📚 Introduction to History Learning

The speaker begins by welcoming the audience to a social science class for grade 8, expressing excitement about starting a history lesson. They acknowledge the common struggle students face with history and introduce the chapter 'How, When, and Where' as a tool to understand the relationship between dates and historical events. The chapter aims to clarify the periodization of Indian history and compare different sources for colonial history. The speaker outlines the 5W1H framework as a method to study history in detail by asking basic questions: What, Why, Who, How, Where, and When. They apply this framework to the chapter, starting with the question 'What is history?' and explaining the importance of dates in historical study.

05:01

🗓 Understanding the Importance of Dates in History

The speaker uses the example of birth dates to illustrate the significance of dates in understanding history. They explain that dates help establish the sequence of events, a process known as chronology. The difference between dates indicates a time period, which is essential for studying history. The speaker emphasizes that while dates are crucial, not all historical events have precise dates, and historians often study events by examining the time periods in which they occurred. They also discuss how the importance of a date in history is determined by its relevance to people's lives and the perspectives of those discussing the events.

10:02

🧐 The Role of Perspective in Historical Dates

The speaker delves into how the significance of dates in history is influenced by the perspectives of historians. They use the example of British historians in India, who focused on the rule of governor generals, marking their lives as the chronology of British India's history. This highlights how the importance of dates is subjective and depends on the relevance of events to the people and the perspectives of those recording history. The speaker also touches on the idea that while dates are important, the study of history often requires looking at broader time periods to understand the evolution of events.

15:04

🔍 Studying History Through Periodization

The speaker concludes the session by discussing the methodology of studying history, specifically through periodization. They use the analogy of a person's life stages (childhood, teenage years, middle age, and old age) to explain how history can be divided into distinct time periods. This method helps in understanding the sequence of events and grouping them based on commonalities within each period. The speaker summarizes the key points of the session: the definition of history, the importance of studying it, and the method of periodization for better comprehension. They end with a question about the spread of Jainism in India, inviting audience participation, and remind viewers to engage with the content through comments and subscriptions.

Keywords

💡History

History refers to the study of past events, particularly those that have had a significant impact on human societies. In the video, it is described as the process of understanding the changes that have occurred over time, which helps us comprehend the world we live in. The script uses the example of personal birth dates to illustrate how dates are crucial in establishing the chronology of events in history.

💡Chronology

Chronology is the arrangement of events in the order in which they occurred. The video script explains chronology by comparing the birth dates of a person and their father, showing how dates help us understand the sequence of events. This concept is fundamental to the study of history, as it allows us to trace the progression of events and changes over time.

💡Periodization

Periodization is the division of history into distinct time periods marked by specific characteristics or events. The script uses the analogy of a person's life stages (childhood, teenage years, middle age, old age) to explain how periodization helps in organizing and studying historical events. It allows historians to group events and changes that occurred in similar contexts, making the study of history more systematic.

💡5W1H Framework

The 5W1H Framework, which stands for Who, What, When, Where, Why, and How, is a questioning technique used to gather comprehensive information about a subject. In the video, the framework is applied to the study of history to explore its various aspects, such as the nature of history, the reasons for studying it, and the methodologies involved. This framework aids in a detailed and structured approach to understanding historical events.

💡Colonial History

Colonial history refers to the period and events related to the establishment, expansion, and administration of colonies by a country. The script mentions the importance of understanding colonial history, particularly in the context of India, and how different sources are used by historians to study this period. It emphasizes the complexity and the need for a comparative study of these sources.

💡Relevance

Relevance, in the context of the video, pertains to the significance of an event or date in relation to the lives of people and the broader historical narrative. The script discusses how the importance of dates in history is determined by their relevance to people's lives and the perspectives of those recounting the events, such as the rule of British governor generals in India.

💡Perspective

Perspective refers to a particular way of considering or regarding a matter, influenced by one's position or attitude. The video script highlights that the perspective of historians or chroniclers can influence which dates and events are considered important in history. For instance, British historians in India emphasized the rule of governor generals, reflecting their perspective on what constituted significant historical events.

💡Methodology

Methodology in the video refers to the systematic approach or procedure used in studying history. It is discussed in relation to the question of how history should be studied for better understanding and comprehension. The script suggests that periodization is a key methodology in historical studies, allowing for a structured examination of events across different time periods.

💡Changes Over Time

Changes over time is a central theme in the study of history, referring to the evolution of societies, technologies, and systems. The script emphasizes the importance of studying history to understand these changes, as it provides insights into the development and current state of the world. It contrasts the study of events with precise dates, like battles, with the broader historical processes that unfold over longer periods.

💡Importance of Dates

The importance of dates in history is highlighted in the script as a means to mark significant events and establish a timeline. Dates provide a reference point for understanding the sequence of historical events and their impact. The video uses examples like the dropping of atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki to illustrate how specific dates are crucial for understanding the gravity of historical events.

Highlights

Introduction to the first history lesson for grade 8 focusing on 'how, when, and where'.

Discussion on the common difficulty students face in studying history and an introduction to a method to improve history learning.

Explanation of the importance of dates in understanding history.

Introduction to the concept of periodization in Indian history.

The 5W1H framework as a tool for studying history in detail.

Defining history as the study of changes over time.

The significance of studying history to understand the world better.

The importance of dates in historical events and their relevance to people's lives.

The concept of chronology and its role in arranging events in history.

The role of perspective in determining the importance of dates in history.

The British historian's perspective on the importance of dates related to the rule of governor generals in India.

The methodology of studying history through periodization.

The example of grandparents' life stories to illustrate the concept of periodization.

Recap of the key points learned in the session about history and its study.

Engagement with the audience through a question about the spread of Jainism in India.

Invitation for comments and questions from the audience to foster interaction.

Promotion of the BYJU'S 628 channel for more educational content.

Transcripts

hello everyone how are all of you doing

welcome to yet another exciting session

of by juice social science classes now

today i'm very excited because we are

going to start with our first history

lesson for grade 8 which is

how when and where now

before i actually get into this

particular chapter let me ask you a

question

are you one of those people who usually

finds it very difficult to study history

you know i think i already know the

answer to this question during my live

sessions i have so many people telling

me mom we find history so difficult it's

so difficult to study

well

don't worry because with the help of

this particular lesson we will learn

how to learn history in a much better

way so

the chapter how when and where will

first help us understand the

relationship between dates and history

and we know the dates are very important

for history

this chapter will also help us to

understand or comprehend the

periodization of indian history now in

just in case this sounds very complex do

not worry about that because we're going

to be explaining it later and you will

understand it right

not just that this particular chapter

will also help us to compare and

contrast different sources used by

historians to study the colonial history

of india now isn't this great we're

going to be doing so much in this

chapter we're actually going to learn

how to study history better

so

today in this first part of how when and

where

we will be studying

what is history

we will be understanding why we should

study history and what will happen if we

do not study it we will also be looking

at how we study history and understand

if there is any methodology to be

followed for better understanding or

comprehension right

now

i'm very excited about this next part to

tell you this because

one of the best ways to study this

particular lesson or chapter is through

the

5w1h framework

okay i've obviously created a lot of

drama for this but do you know

i mean do you know what what the 5wh

framework is after all of this drama

that i did so let me tell you

this 5w1h framework basically asks us

very basic questions like

what

why

who

how

where and when so basic right

but do you know what is the use of this

particular framework well this

particular framework will help us to

study anything in detail by asking the

right questions now isn't that really

helpful so let's understand how this

works

now let me apply this particular

framework that i've spoken to about to

our chapter that we have to study so in

terms of the first question that we had

basic question which is what we will ask

ourselves

what is history

then the second question is why so we

will ask ourselves

why should we study history and what

will happen if we do not study it

then the third question is how so we

will say

how do we study history and is there any

methodology that is to be followed then

the fourth is who so we will say

who has written history then the fifth

question is when so we will say when did

history occur

is there any time period that we should

be focusing on and then the final

question is where do we study history

from

right so if you understand it there are

five w's and one h that's why it's

called the five w one each framework

okay

now the first question that we will

explore is what so we will explore what

is history let's find the answer to this

question together together okay now let

me ask you a question when is your

birthday

basic question everybody knows the

answer to that right so you would

probably think of one particular date so

i'll just put some date down okay

supposing you say your birthday is 19th

august 1990

for example right you gave me a date

that is the date of your birth date

now

similarly if i ask you when is your

father's birthday what will you say you

will give me his birthday right you will

say some date so for example again i'm

just randomly writing something you

might say it's 21st june

1978

right

now if you understand there are two

events that we are talking about here

number one is your birthday

correct

and number two is your father's birthday

right now we can easily see that your

father was born before you how do we

know that because

1978 comes before 1990 so you know he's

born before you right

so

without these dates others which means

other people will not know when you or

your father born so dates are so

important you understand and in fact

this is why you have a special column

set aside for date of birth for most

important documents that we have like a

marks card or

card driving license passport i mean

most of our documents have it right

okay i think you're probably wondering

why am i saying all these things

well that is because i want to tell you

the importance of dates and how they are

related to the entire subject of history

they are very very important okay

okay now i know that you're probably

thinking but

what does if history have to do with

your and your father's birth date right

i mean how are these things related well

no worries we will find the answer to

this soon also

okay let's talk about our example

from the above example we understood

that dates tell you the order in which

events occur which means like in terms

of your birth dates your father's

birthday came before your birthday right

he was born before so

the process of arranging these events in

the order that they occurred is called

chronology

the fact that your father's birthday

came before you first your father's

birthday happened then

then your birthday happened right

now

once you know the dates uh and in this

case dates and years you can then go

ahead and find the relationship between

the events that occurred on those

particular dates and the difference

between these dates in in this case

birth dates can be called a time period

or a period of time so we're talking

about the period of time or the time

period between your father's birthday

and your birthday right

and

in this time period there would have

been so many changes that would have

occurred right

and

finding these changes that have occurred

over a period of time or over a time

period is called

history isn't that really cool so we've

answered our first question as to

what is history now

let us move ahead and talk about our

second question which is

why should we study history and what

will happen if we do not study history

so tell me what will happen if we do not

study history

well if we do not study history

we will not know the changes that have

occurred over time changes such as um

how societies or systems of technologies

uh whatever these things are how they

were earlier and how they are now

and knowing these changes will give us a

much better understanding of the world

that we live in right so it's so

important to study these changes

but wait this brings me to a question

is history only about changes

i mean how important are dates to study

in history what do you think

well dates are very important and many

historians in the past believe so too

and that is because history was always

associated with an account of big events

like uh battles for example for which we

do have precise dates for example we

know that atomic bombs were dropped over

the japanese cities of hiroshima and

nagasaki on 6th august 1945 and 9th

august 1945 respectively so we have the

actual date right and this is an

important event then another important

date that would come to my mind is india

becoming a republic on 26 january 1950

again a very important event so you see

whenever we talk about an important

historical event then in that case dates

become really really important right

okay now dates are very important we

know that but now take a look at these

pictures over here

supposing i ask you to tell me

when did indians start using chai for

the first time or when they when did

they start using wheels can you give me

an exact date

no you may not be able to give me the

exact date because

indians started using these things over

a period of time so

one single date cannot be attributed to

these events right so this means that

you are trying to find the history of

chai or the history of wheels

but you may not be able to provide a

specific date as to when these

particular events occurred but does that

mean that we cannot find the history of

these things

no the answer is no we still can find it

by studying the time period in which

indians started using these things

so

even though history is synonymous

synonymous with

dates these are very very important we

will at times need

periods of times or

time periods

so that we are able to understand

history better right now let's come back

to dates

we know that dates are important and

there are so many dates in history like

for example

you had the quit india movement uh in

august 1942 you had the storming of the

bastille on 14th july 1789. you know

that the first world war was between

1914 to 1918.

but

how who who decides

what dates are important in history and

how exactly

okay let's understand this so the

importance of a date is decided based on

two factors

right what are these two factors the

first factor is

number one the relevance of that

particular event to the lives of the

people and number two the second factor

is the perspective of the people who are

talking about these events okay let me

explain this with an example

now in the histories written by british

historians in india

the rule of each governor general was

considered very important and these

histories began with the rule of the

first governor general who was warren

hastings and ended with the last viceroy

which was lord mountbatten and in

separate chapters of our history

textbook we have read all about the

deeds of these different governor

generals right from hastings to

dalhousie to canon to l'oreal so many

right i mean in fact it was this

never-ending succession of governor

generals that we had to actually study

about governor generals and vice versa

for that matter now

all the dates in these history books

were linked to their perspectives i mean

i'm talking about the governor-generals

right their perspectives their

activities the policies that they framed

as well as their achievements it was as

if there was nothing outside their lives

that was important for us to know

and the chronology of their lives marked

the different chapters of the history of

british india right this was the first

one this was the second one this was the

third one so

the lives of these governor generals

became important to indian history as we

were obviously ruled by the britishers

and for them the rule of their governor

generals and their perspectives were

relevant you see so these are the two

factors that actually play a part

right in terms of dates and what is

really important

now

so far we have dealt with what is

history

we've gone ahead and spoken about why do

we need to study his history

right

now let us move on to our third question

in our framework which is how do we

study history and is there any

methodology that needs to be followed to

study history but why is this so

important to understand how we should

study history

well it is really important if you think

about it because after learning the

importance of a topic or concept it is

very necessary to know

how to learn that topic or concept right

so let us now understand how to study

history but before i get into how to

study a study history let me ask you a

question

think about

how your grandparents would describe

their life to you so far

think about it like what would they say

if you go and ask them they would

definitely be talking about their

childhood they would be talking about

their teenage years they would be

talking about their middle age and they

would be talking about old age most

probably right so in the middle years

they would probably talk about their

marriage their kids their job and lastly

what happens in their old age right as

and what are they doing now

so if you observe closely i actually

asked you to find out

the history

of your grandparents from their

perspective right

isn't that so cool

this is because history is about tracing

changes so in the answer that they gave

they would talk about how things were

once upon a time and how they have

evolved over time right oh this used to

happen when we were children and now it

is like this right so if you observe

their answers you will find that your

grandparents have demarcated their life

events into four distinct periods right

time periods which is

childhood teenage years

middle age and old age

right

now coming back to our topic

one advantage of this distinction is

that it helps us to understand the

sequence or the order in which various

events took place right like this

happened in childhood this happened in

teenage this happened in middle years

and this happened in old age and also

because each division will have certain

common things it makes it easier to

group and study these different time

periods together so for example certain

things will be common between childhood

some will be common between teenage

years some things will be grouped

together for middle age and some things

will be grouped together for old age so

if you think about it similarly

we spoke about the history of our

grandparents but basically if you think

about it any history can be divided into

different time periods and this process

of identifying the different time

periods is called

periodization

for example

your grandparents periodize their life

history while answering your question

into these different time periods right

so now we have received our answer to

our question of how do we study history

we study history through

periodization

and i think we've done a lot for one

session so i think we should come to the

end of today's episode but let's quickly

have a recap of what we learned today so

that we do not forget it today we

learned

what is history right we spoke about

history being the changes that occur

over time we spoke about why we should

study history because we want to see

what has happened over time right and we

basically understood that if we do not

study history then what will happen we

won't know the changes that have

occurred and we will not be able to

understand our world in a better way we

also looked into

how to study history and understand if

there is any particular methodology that

has to be followed for better

understanding or comprehension which was

basically periodization right now this

is the end of today's chapter but before

i go i have a quick question for you as

always

can you tell me if there is a precise

date for the spread of jainism in india

what do you think

let me know your answers in the comment

section below i will eagerly be waiting

for them

any doubts that you have about this

chapter also please uh drop your

comments in the comment section below

and we will try our best to answer this

for you and

definitely view all our sessions on the

buyers 628 channel we have a lot of

sessions here for you as always so do

not forget to

like share and subscribe to our channel

i'm going to see you really really soon

for the next session alright bye bye