Balística Forense - ¿que es? y como se divide

Summary

This video provides a detailed exploration of forensic ballistics, a crucial field in criminalistics focused on studying firearms, bullets, and projectile behavior. It explains the science behind the movement of projectiles from their launch to impact, as well as the effects they have. The video delves into the different branches of ballistics: internal, external, and effects ballistics, and outlines how they help in crime scene investigations, linking victims, perpetrators, and weapons. The role of ballistic analysis in reconstructing crimes and determining the weapon used is also discussed, emphasizing its importance in forensic science.

Takeaways

• 😀 Forensic ballistics is a specialized branch of criminalistics that studies firearms, projectiles, and their effects in criminal investigations.
• 😀 The field includes the reconstruction of projectile trajectories and analysis of their impact on objects or people, aiming to uncover the truth of events.
• 😀 Forensic ballistics analyzes firearms used in crimes, determining projectile and impact characteristics, including the weapon's caliber.
• 😀 It also identifies the match between projectiles or shell casings found at a crime scene and weapons in possession of suspects.
• 😀 Gunshot residue analysis helps determine the distance from which a shot was fired.
• 😀 Rifles, which appeared in the 16th century, enabled more precise shooting, with rifling grooves improving projectile accuracy and range.
• 😀 These rifling grooves leave identifiable marks on projectiles, helping experts trace the weapon type or identity used in the shooting.
• 😀 The term 'ballistics' originates from Latin and Greek, referring to the study of projectile motion and the art of launching projectiles.
• 😀 Ballistics is a branch of applied mechanics that focuses on the study of projectiles, including chemical, physical, and dynamic aspects of their movement.
• 😀 Ballistics is divided into three main branches: internal ballistics (movement within the firearm's barrel), external ballistics (movement after leaving the barrel), and terminal ballistics (effects upon impact).
• 😀 Internal ballistics examines projectile movement inside the barrel, including the ignition of the cartridge, gas production, and pressure buildup until the projectile exits the firearm.
• 😀 External ballistics studies the projectile’s trajectory after leaving the firearm, taking into account factors like air resistance and gravity.
• 😀 Terminal ballistics deals with the irregular movement of projectiles after hitting their target, analyzing the damage to the body or object impacted.

Q & A

What is forensic ballistics?

Forensic ballistics is the branch of criminalistics that focuses on the study of firearms, the trajectory and direction of projectiles they fire, and the effects these projectiles have in relation to criminal events.

What does a forensic ballistic expert investigate?

A forensic ballistic expert investigates firearms used in crimes, the projectiles and impacts, determines the firearm's caliber, and analyzes the correspondence between projectiles or casings found at a crime scene and any weapon found with a suspect.

What role does gunpowder residue play in forensic ballistics?

Gunpowder residue is examined to estimate the distance from which a shot was fired. This analysis helps in understanding the proximity of the shooter to the target at the time of the incident.

How did rifles change the accuracy of firearms?

Rifles, introduced in the 16th century, improved accuracy due to the rifled barrel, which imparts a spin to the projectile, increasing its precision and range.

What are the 'striae' in firearms?

Striae are grooves found inside a firearm's barrel that leave unique marks on projectiles fired from that weapon, which can be used to identify the weapon or at least determine the type of firearm.

What is the origin of the word 'ballistics'?

The word 'ballistics' comes from the Latin word 'ballista' (a type of catapult) and the Greek word 'ballein' (meaning 'to throw'), referring to the science of launching projectiles.

What are the three main branches of ballistics?

The three main branches of ballistics are internal ballistics (focused on the projectile's movement inside the firearm's barrel), external ballistics (focused on the projectile's path after leaving the barrel), and terminal ballistics (focused on the effects of the projectile upon impact).

What is internal ballistics?

Internal ballistics studies the movement of a projectile inside the barrel, from the moment the firing pin strikes the cartridge until the projectile exits the barrel.

What is the focus of external ballistics?

External ballistics focuses on the projectile's trajectory and movement through the air after leaving the barrel, including factors like air resistance, gravity, and the initial impulse of the projectile.

What does terminal ballistics study?

Terminal ballistics studies the effects of a projectile on its target, including the damage caused when the projectile impacts the target and the resulting physical consequences, such as injuries to a body.