Novos Direitos e Políticas Públicas Parte I

Summary

This lecture explores the concept of public policy and its relationship with new rights. It distinguishes between the broad field of politics and the more technical term 'public policy.' The lecture discusses the evolution of politics from philosophical and sociological perspectives to its role in governance and power dynamics. It emphasizes public policy as a strategic action guided by collective rationality to address societal needs and realize rights, often in partnership with non-state actors. The process of policy-making, from agenda setting to evaluation, is outlined, highlighting the importance of public policies in concretizing rights and addressing collective issues.

Takeaways

• 📚 Politics is a broad field studied across various disciplines like philosophy, sociology, and political science, with 'political' and 'public policy' having different connotations and translations across languages.
• 🌐 The concept of politics encompasses a wide range of ideas, from philosophical doctrines of justice to state theories and sociological behaviors in society.
• 🏛️ Politics is also viewed as the science of government, aiming to define what constitutes a good governance and the ideal form of state organization.
• 👥 It is considered an art of governing well, involving activities by political parties or entities representing group interests or political ideals.
• 💡 Public policy, a more technical and recent term, is closely tied to the modern state and involves decisions affecting an entire community, based on principles and legislation.
• 🔍 Public policies are strategic actions planned and evaluated to meet societal interests and demands, often involving both state and societal roles.
• 🛠️ The functions of public policy include realizing already established rights and distributing public goods, which are indivisible and meant for collective use.
• 🌟 Public policies address collective problems and are intended to be resolved publicly, often involving multiple stakeholders beyond just the state.
• 📈 The process of public policy involves stages like agenda setting, formulation, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation to ensure effectiveness and meet societal goals.
• 📊 Compensatory discrimination, such as affirmative action policies like quotas, is a contentious topic aimed at providing equal access to public goods for historically disadvantaged groups.
• 🌱 The concept of 'new rights' can be actualized through regular and institutionalized actions, either by the government alone or in partnership with other social actors to achieve predetermined objectives.

Q & A

What is the primary difference between 'política' and 'políticas públicas' in the context of the script?

In the script, 'política' is discussed as a broad field of knowledge with various interpretations across disciplines like philosophy, sociology, and political science. 'Políticas públicas,' on the other hand, is a more technical and recent term, closely tied to the modern state and its responsibility for decisions affecting the entire community.

How is politics defined in the script in relation to philosophy and the theory of the state?

The script describes politics in relation to philosophy as the knowledge about what is just or unjust, dating back to Aristotle, and as a theory of the state, which is an effort to discover the ideal form of political organization for society.

What role does politics play in society according to the script?

The script suggests that politics is an essential activity for human life, as it is the only activity capable of transforming social life for the better, addressing collective issues that cannot be resolved individually.

What are the two main functions of public policy as discussed in the script?

The script outlines two main functions of public policy: the realization of rights that have already been conquered by society and incorporated into laws, and the allocation and distribution of public goods.

What is the concept of 'multicêntrica' approach in the context of public policy as mentioned in the script?

The 'multicêntrica' approach refers to the idea that the establishment of public policies involves not only public entities, particularly the state, but also private organizations, non-governmental organizations, and multilateral agencies in partnership.

How are public policies developed and implemented according to the script?

Public policies are developed and implemented through stages that include agenda setting, formulation, operationalization, monitoring, and evaluation, ensuring that they are in line with legal and constitutional principles and societal demands.

What is the significance of public policies in realizing rights as per the script?

Public policies are significant in realizing rights because they can promote rights and guarantees before the need for judicial intervention, addressing potential conflicts or issues arising from the lack of implementation of these rights.

What are some tools mentioned in the script for promoting rights through public policies?

The script mentions tools such as information campaigns, command and control norms, subsidies, fiscal incentives, and policies of inclusion for certain groups by companies or organizations.

What is 'discriminação compensatória' and why is it discussed in the script?

'Discriminação compensatória' refers to facilitating access to public goods for a particular social group that is normally discriminated against. It is discussed in the script as a controversial method to promote equal access to public goods and services, often involving policies like quotas.

What are the arguments for and against quotas as a form of 'discriminação compensatória' as mentioned in the script?

The script presents arguments for quotas as a way to correct historical injustices and improve societal outcomes, while also noting arguments against quotas that they can be inherently unjust and may exacerbate discrimination rather than reduce it.

How should the discussion of 'discriminação compensatória' and quotas be framed according to the script?

The script suggests that discussions on 'discriminação compensatória' and quotas should be interpreted in light of the constitution and legislation that addresses the matter.