4. ICSE. Estado. Sociedad y Sociedad Civil

UBAXXI

29 Mar 202110:43

Summary

TLDRThis tutorial discusses the intricate relationship between society and the state, emphasizing the state's unique role in holding a legitimate monopoly on violence within a defined territory. It distinguishes between formal and informal institutions and their historical development, highlighting the importance of civil society institutions that emerge from citizens to strengthen participation and influence in public affairs. The lecture also touches on the role of these institutions in advocating for rights, fulfilling unmet state functions, and expanding societal norms, ultimately shaping the distribution of power and public policy.

Takeaways

🏛 The state is defined as the most important institution in a country, characterized by its legitimate monopoly on the use of violence within a defined territory.
🔀 The relationship between society and the state is multifaceted, ranging from cooperation to conflict, and is mediated by various social actors.
👥 Social actors can be individuals or organized groups, from spontaneously formed crowds to structured entities like political parties with official charters.
🛡️ Institutions play a crucial role in ordering the distribution of power in society, determining what is permissible and what is not.
🗳️ The constitution, such as the national constitution, outlines processes like elections that determine how individuals can access positions of power.
🌐 Civil society encompasses all individuals who are not in a state position, organized with various objectives and requiring state recognition for formal institutions.
🤝 Civil society institutions aim to strengthen citizen participation, ensuring that people are not isolated and can influence public affairs.
📜 These institutions may have objectives like defending rights, ensuring the implementation of laws, or fulfilling functions that the state is not performing.
🏳️‍🌈 Some civil society institutions fight for the expansion of societal norms, such as the LGBT collective or women's groups advocating for legal abortion.
🤔 The script encourages understanding the role of intermediate institutions between the state and individuals, which is vital for citizen participation and influence in public matters.
📚 The importance of reading and understanding the work of sociologists like Émile Durkheim and others who discuss the concept of civil society and its impact on democracy and public participation.

Q & A

What is the primary definition of the state according to the script?
-The state is defined as the most important institution of a country, characterized by its monopoly on legitimate violence within a defined territory.
How does the script differentiate between a simple association and the state?
-The script uses the example of a vacationers' association versus the state, highlighting that the state holds the legitimate monopoly on violence, unlike a simple association which does not have such authority.
What is the role of institutions in society as discussed in the script?
-Institutions are key in ordering the distribution of power in society, determining what is permissible and what is not, especially when one is in a position of power.
What is the concept of 'society civil' as mentioned in the script?
-Society civil refers to all individuals who are under the same state and group together with different objectives, forming an informal or formal network that does not emanate from the state but may require state recognition.
How do institutions of civil society strengthen citizen participation according to the script?
-Institutions of civil society provide a framework for citizens to organize and pursue their interests, making them feel involved in public affairs and not isolated.
What are some examples of civil society institutions mentioned in the script?
-Examples include political parties with formal structures, informal groups like book clubs, and collectives fighting for rights recognition or policy implementation, such as women's rights or education laws.
How do civil society institutions contribute to the moral framework of society?
-Civil society institutions, such as LGBT collectives or women's rights groups, fight for the expansion of societal norms, pushing for changes in what is permitted and not permitted, which can eventually translate into new legislation.
What is the significance of intermediate institutions between the state and individuals as per the script?
-Intermediate institutions are important as they provide spaces for individuals to participate in public affairs, preventing them from being passive and ensuring they have a say in societal matters.
How does the script relate the concept of 'historical effectiveness' to institutions?
-The script suggests that both formal and informal institutions are historical and effective, operating simultaneously and influencing behaviors, including those that may be considered illegal.
What is the final message of the script regarding the importance of understanding institutions and their role in society?
-The script emphasizes that understanding institutions is crucial for grasping the dynamics of society and the state, as they regulate interactions and are key to power distribution within a society.
What advice does the script give for those who have doubts or questions about the material covered?
-The script encourages participants to use the forum of Unit One to ask questions, make comments, and clarify any doubts, ensuring they do not remain uncertain about the topics discussed.

Outlines

00:00

🏛️ The Concept of State and Its Distinction from Society

This paragraph delves into the concept of the state, emphasizing its role as the most important institution in a country with the legitimate monopoly on violence within a defined territory. It contrasts the state with simpler organizations like a vacationers' association, highlighting the state's unique power. The speaker also discusses the relationship between society and the state, mentioning the role of social actors and the importance of institutions in distributing power and determining permissible actions. The concept of civil society is introduced, describing it as a collective of individuals under the same state with various objectives, and distinguishing it from state institutions.

05:01

🌱 The Role and Impact of Civil Society Institutions

The second paragraph explores the role of civil society institutions, which are non-state entities that perform functions the state may not be fulfilling, such as community kitchens in neighborhoods. It discusses how these institutions can fight for the expansion of society's moral framework, using the examples of LGBT collectives and women's groups advocating for legal abortion. The paragraph also mentions the importance of intermediate institutions between the state and individuals, emphasizing their role in fostering citizen participation and influence in public affairs. The speaker encourages understanding the significance of civil society in shaping public policy and legal changes, such as the recognition of certain practices or the establishment of new laws.

10:03

📚 Summary and Conclusion of the Tutorial Block

In the final paragraph, the speaker summarizes the key points discussed in the tutorial block, which includes the concept of social facts, the role of institutions in regulating interactions among individuals and the state, and the importance of both formal and informal institutions in shaping society. The speaker invites participants to ask questions or discuss unclear points on the forum and reminds them of the importance of engaging in the tutorial for a comprehensive understanding of the topics covered.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡State

The 'State' is defined in the script as the most important institution of a country, characterized by its monopoly on legitimate violence within a defined territory. It is central to the video's theme as it sets the stage for discussing the relationship between society and the state. An example from the script is the distinction between the state and a simple vacationers' association, highlighting the state's unique role in wielding legitimate power.

💡Society

In the context of the video, 'Society' refers to all individuals who are under the same state and organize themselves with various objectives. It is integral to the video's narrative as it discusses the interplay between society's needs and the state's role in addressing them. The script mentions the concept of civil society, which is composed of individuals and groups that self-organize outside of state institutions.

💡Civil Society

The term 'Civil Society' is used to describe the collection of non-state institutions and organizations that are formed by citizens to pursue common interests or goals. It is a key concept in the video as it illustrates the dynamic between state and non-state actors in a democratic society. The script gives examples of civil society institutions, such as political parties and informal groups, which can influence state policies and actions.

💡Legitimate Violence

'Legitimate Violence' is a concept that refers to the state's exclusive right to use force within its territory, which is a defining characteristic of state power. The script emphasizes this as a key difference between the state and other organizations, such as the vacationers' association, which do not possess this authority.

💡Institutions

In the video, 'Institutions' are the established rules, laws, or organizations that shape the interactions between individuals and between individuals and the state. They are crucial to the video's theme as they determine the distribution of power and the regulation of social behavior. The script discusses both formal and informal institutions and their roles in society.

💡Cooperation

'Cooperation' is mentioned in the script as one of the ways in which society and the state can be linked, suggesting a collaborative relationship where both parties work together towards common goals. This concept is important in understanding the positive interactions between societal groups and state entities.

💡Conflict

The script refers to 'Conflict' as another way that society and the state can be interconnected, indicating situations where there may be disagreements or struggles over power, resources, or policies. This concept is essential for understanding the challenges and tensions that can arise in the relationship between societal groups and the state.

💡Social Actors

'Social Actors' in the script are individuals or groups that are organized to varying degrees and fight for their interests. They are central to the video's message as they represent the active participants in societal and political life, influencing the state's actions and policies.

💡Power Distribution

'Power Distribution' is a concept discussed in the script that relates to how authority and influence are shared or allocated within a society. It is tied to the video's theme as it examines the role of institutions in organizing and regulating the balance of power, such as through constitutional arrangements and elections.

💡Participation

'Participation' is highlighted in the script as a critical aspect of civil society, where citizens engage in public affairs and seek to influence decisions that affect them. The video emphasizes the importance of participation in fostering a sense of agency and inclusion in the political process, such as through involvement in civil society organizations.

💡Recognition

'Recognition' in the script refers to the acknowledgment or validation by the state of non-state institutions or actions. It is relevant to the video's theme as it discusses the legitimacy and authority granted by the state to various societal groups and their initiatives, such as the establishment of a school or the legal acceptance of certain practices.

Highlights

The state is defined as the most important institution in a country, with a particular emphasis on its monopoly on legitimate violence within a defined territory.

The difference between a simple association and the state is highlighted, with the state holding the legitimate monopoly on violence, unlike other organizations.

The relationship between society and the state is explored, with various forms of connection ranging from cooperation to conflict.

Social actors are described as individuals or organized groups that strive for their interests within society.

Institutions are key in ordering the distribution of power in society and determining what is permissible.

The concept of civil society is introduced, emphasizing its composition of individuals not in state positions, organized with various objectives.

Institutions of civil society are recognized as structures, formal or informal, that strengthen citizen participation.

Examples of civil society institutions include political parties, informal groups, and associations that promote citizen interests.

The importance of intermediate institutions between the state and individuals is discussed to prevent citizens from feeling isolated.

Civil society institutions aim to ensure the recognition and fulfillment of rights and laws that the state may not guarantee.

The role of civil society in implementing laws, such as the comprehensive sex education law in Argentina, is highlighted.

Civil society institutions that fight for the expansion of societal moral frameworks, such as the LGBT collective and women's groups, are mentioned.

The historical development of civil society institutions, such as beneficence societies in Argentina during the 1930s, is briefly touched upon.

The蛇 of intermediate institutions between the state and individuals as essential for citizen participation and influence in public affairs is reiterated.

The concept of delegated democracies is introduced, where citizens' participation is not limited to voting but extends to public engagement through civil society institutions.

Examples of civil society institutions that have achieved state recognition and influenced laws, such as associations fighting for medical cannabis legalization, are provided.

The final highlight emphasizes the importance of understanding the role of institutions in regulating interactions and distributing power in society.