How to Name Acids: Examples and Practice

Summary

This educational video script guides viewers through the process of naming acids, focusing on simple and oxyacids. It explains the systematic approach using a flowchart, starting with HCl and H2S, emphasizing exceptions like sulfur's 'ur' retention. The script then delves into oxyacids, requiring a common ion table for polyatomic ions like NO3- and SO42-. Examples include naming HNO3 as nitric acid and H2SO4 as sulfuric acid, with attention to hydrogen's role in determining the ion's charge. The video aims to simplify acid nomenclature for general chemistry learners.

Takeaways

• 🔍 Naming acids involves recognizing patterns and memorizing a few exceptions.
• 📝 For simple acids like HCl, the name follows the pattern 'hydro' + element stem + 'ic' + 'acid'.
• 🌐 The flow chart is a useful tool for systematically naming acids based on their composition.
• 💧 Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is an example of a simple acid named using the standard pattern.
• ⚠️ Sulfur is a notable exception; in H2S, 'hydrosulfuric acid' is corrected to 'hydrosulfuric acid' by retaining the 'ur'.
• 🌐 For acids like HF, the name is formed by 'hydro' + element stem + 'ic' + 'acid', resulting in 'hydrofluoric acid'.
• 🌀 Oxyacids, which contain oxygen and more than two elements, are named using a different set of rules involving polyatomic ions.
• 📊 A common ion table is essential for naming oxyacids, as it lists the names of polyatomic ions like NO3- and SO42-.
• 🔬 The name for HNO3 is 'nitric acid', derived from the 'nitrate' ion, following the pattern of replacing 'ate' with 'ic' and adding 'acid'.
• ✏️ For H2SO4, the sulfate ion is identified, and the name 'sulfuric acid' is formed by adjusting the stem and adding 'acid', with the 'ur' retained for sulfur.
• 📚 The script provides a basic definition of acids as substances that release H+ ions in water, influencing the pH of the solution.

Q & A

What is the first step in naming acids according to the script?

The first step in naming acids is to identify if there are two different elements present, which leads to using the prefix 'hydro' followed by the stem of the second element.

How is hydrochloric acid (HCl) named using the flowchart?

Hydrochloric acid is named by starting with 'hydro', taking the stem 'chlor' from chlorine, removing the 'ine', and adding 'ic' to form 'hydrochloric', then appending 'acid'.

What exception is mentioned for sulfur when naming H2S?

For H2S, the exception is that the 'ur' from sulfur must be retained in the name, resulting in 'hydrosulfuric acid' instead of just 'hydrosulfic acid'.

How is hydrofluoric acid (HF) named?

Hydrofluoric acid is named by starting with 'hydro', taking the stem 'fluor' from fluorine, removing the 'ine', adding 'ic' to form 'hydrofluoric', then appending 'acid'.

What is the definition of an acid used in the script?

In the script, an acid is defined as a substance that gives off H+ ions (hydrogen ions) when dissolved in water.

What is the significance of the pH scale mentioned in the script?

The pH scale is significant as it measures the acidity or alkalinity of a solution, indicating the concentration of H+ ions present.

How are oxyacids different from simple acids?

Oxyacids are different from simple acids because they contain three different elements including oxygen, and they are named using rules that involve looking up polyatomic ions in a common ion table.

What is the name of the acid formed by HNO3 according to the script?

The acid formed by HNO3 is named 'nitric acid', which is derived from the nitrate ion found in the common ion table.

Why is it necessary to use a common ion table when naming oxyacids?

A common ion table is necessary for naming oxyacids because it lists polyatomic ions, which are ions with more than one element like NO3 or SO4, and these ions are not easily identified from the periodic table alone.

How is the name 'sulfuric acid' derived for H2SO4?

For H2SO4, the name 'sulfuric acid' is derived by identifying the sulfate ion from the common ion table, using the rule to cross out the 'ate' and add 'ic', and then including the 'ur' back for sulfur as an exception.

What is the name of the acid formed by HNO2, and how is it named?

The acid formed by HNO2 is named 'nitrous acid', which comes from the nitrite ion found in the common ion table, and the name is formed by changing 'ite' to 'ous' and appending 'acid'.

Outlines

00:00

🔍 Naming Simple Acids

This paragraph introduces the systematic approach to naming simple acids, which is crucial for understanding basic chemistry concepts. It begins with the example of hydrochloric acid (HCl), explaining the process of deriving its name from the elements hydrogen (H) and chlorine (Cl). The flowchart method is used, which involves writing the prefix 'hydro', modifying the stem of the second element (removing the 'ine' from 'chlorine' to get 'chlor'), and adding 'ic' to form 'hydrochloric'. The paragraph also covers the naming of H2S and HF, with a special note on the exception for sulfur, which requires retaining the 'ur' in the name, resulting in 'hydrosulfuric acid'. The video emphasizes the importance of recognizing patterns and exceptions for effective acid naming.

05:00

🧪 Understanding Oxyacids and Naming Conventions

This paragraph delves into the naming of oxyacids, which are acids containing three different elements, including oxygen. It uses the example of nitric acid (HNO3) to illustrate the process, highlighting the use of a common ion table to identify the polyatomic ion NO3- as 'nitrate'. The paragraph explains the rules for naming oxyacids, such as changing the ending of the ion name to 'ic' when the acid ends with 'ate' and 'ous' when it ends with 'ite'. The video also covers the naming of other oxyacids like sulfuric acid (H2SO4), nitrous acid (HNO2), and sulfurous acid (H2SO3), with a special mention of the need to include 'ur' in the name for sulfur-containing acids. The paragraph concludes with the naming of perchloric acid (HClO4), reinforcing the method of using the common ion table and adjusting the stem of the acid name according to the rules. The video serves as an educational resource for mastering the nomenclature of acids in general chemistry.

Keywords

💡Flow Chart

A flow chart is a diagrammatic representation used to illustrate a process or system. In the context of the video, it is used to guide viewers through the systematic process of naming acids. It helps in organizing the steps and rules for identifying and naming different types of acids, making it easier to understand and follow.

💡Hydro

In acid nomenclature, 'hydro' is a prefix used to denote the presence of hydrogen in a compound. The video explains that when naming acids with two different elements, the prefix 'hydro' is added to the name of the acid. For instance, in HCl, 'hydro' is combined with 'chloric' to form 'hydrochloric acid'.

💡Stem

The stem in acid naming refers to the root of the word that represents the non-hydrogen and non-oxygen element in the acid. The video script uses 'chlor' as the stem from 'chlorine' to form 'hydrochloric acid'. The stem is crucial for constructing the name of the acid according to the rules outlined in the flow chart.

💡Ic/Ick

In the process of naming acids, 'ic' or 'ick' is a suffix added to the stem to form the acid's name. The video explains that after removing the ending from the element's name and adding 'ic' or 'ick', the word 'acid' is appended. For example, 'chlorine' becomes 'chloric' by adding 'ic', resulting in 'hydrochloric acid'.

💡Exceptions

Exceptions in acid naming refer to elements that do not follow the standard naming conventions. The video points out sulfur as an exception, where the 'ur' ending is retained in the name, as seen in 'hydrosulfuric acid' instead of the expected 'hydrosulfic acid'. These exceptions are important to remember as they deviate from the general rules.

💡Oxyacids

Oxyacids are acids that contain oxygen in addition to hydrogen and another element. The video script discusses how oxyacids are named using a different set of rules, often involving polyatomic ions. For example, 'HNO3' is named 'nitric acid', indicating the presence of nitrogen and oxygen.

💡Polyatomic Ions

Polyatomic ions are groups of two or more atoms that form ions together. The video emphasizes the importance of recognizing polyatomic ions like 'NO3' and 'SO4' in naming oxyacids. These ions are identified using a common ion table, which is a resource for naming the acid based on the ion's name, such as 'nitrate' in 'nitric acid'.

💡Common Ion Table

A common ion table is a reference tool that lists polyatomic ions with their corresponding names and charges. The video script uses this table to identify the names of ions in oxyacids, such as 'nitrate' for 'NO3-'. This table is crucial for naming acids that contain polyatomic ions.

💡Nitric Acid

Nitric acid is an example of an oxyacid mentioned in the video, formed from hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen. It is named by first identifying the polyatomic ion 'NO3-' as 'nitrate' from the common ion table and then following the naming rules to form 'nitric acid'.

💡Sulfuric Acid

Sulfuric acid is another oxyacid discussed in the video, composed of hydrogen, sulfur, and oxygen. It is named by identifying the 'SO4' ion as 'sulfate' from the common ion table and then applying the naming rules, with the exception of retaining the 'ur' from sulfur, resulting in 'sulfuric acid'.

💡pH

pH is a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution. The video script explains that acids are substances that release hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water, which affects the pH. The video uses pH as a context to understand why certain substances are classified as acids.

Highlights

Naming acids involves learning patterns and exceptions for easy identification.

HCl is named hydrochloric acid by using the prefix 'hydro' and the stem 'chlor' with the suffix 'ic'.

H2S is named hydrosulfuric acid, with a special exception to include 'ur' in the name.

HF is named hydrofluoric acid by following the standard naming pattern for acids.

Acids are defined as substances that release H+ ions when dissolved in water.

pH measures the acidity of a solution based on the concentration of H+ ions.

Oxyacids are acids containing oxygen and require a different naming approach.

HNO3 is named nitric acid by referencing the common ion table for the nitrate ion.

H2SO4 is named sulfuric acid, with an exception to include 'ur' for sulfur in the name.

HNO2 is named nitrous acid, following the naming pattern for oxyacids with the nitrite ion.

HSO3 is named sulfurous acid, with a careful consideration of the sulfur naming exception.

HClO4 is named perchloric acid, using the perchlorate ion from the common ion table.

A flow chart is a useful tool for systematically naming simple acids.

The stem of an element's name is modified by removing the ending and adding 'ic' or 'ous' for acid naming.

Exceptions in acid naming, such as sulfur retaining 'ur', are crucial for accurate identification.

The common ion table is essential for naming oxyacids, which contain polyatomic ions.

The video provides a basic definition of acids used in general chemistry courses.

The process of naming acids involves understanding the role of hydrogen ions in defining acidity.

Transcripts

naming acids is all about patterns if

you learn the pattern a few exceptions

and you're good to go we'll use this

flow chart here to name some simple

acids the type you'll see in a general

chemistry course we'll start with the

classic hcl for hcl we have two

different elements h and cl so we're

going to use this part of our flowchart

we start by writing the prefix hydro

then we take the stem so we'll take the

element chlorine

and we'll take the ine off and that'll

leave us with our stem

chlor and then we add ic

we write acid

and we're done that's the name for hcl

hydrochloric acid

so give these two a try using the flow

chart we have h2s and then hf

for h2s we have h and s so we have two

different elements so we'll use this

part of the table

so we write hydro

and then we write sulfur

but we're going to cross out the ending

and change that to ick and then write

the name acid

that leads us with hydrosulfic acid

there's a bit of a problem though

sulfur is an exception and we'll see it

quite a bit with sulfur we have to leave

the ur in the name so we have to put

that ur back

here

and that makes the name for h2s

hydrosulfuric

acid

we'll see sulfur again several times so

this is a good exception to remember for

hf we have two elements again so we

write hydro then for f we go to the

periodic table we look it up fluorine we

remove the ine and then we add ick to

the stem there

add the word acid and we're done

hydrofluoric acid is the name for hf

in this video we're using a basic

definition for acids it's the one used

in general chemistry and that's that

when we put acids in water they give off

nh plus ion we call it the hydrogen ion

so i take something like hcl i put it in

water it dissolves and we get h plus in

cl minus the h plus is what makes it an

acid so we think about ph tells us how

acidic something is the h that stands

for how many h plus ions there are in

that solution

so let's move on to what we call

oxyacids acids with three different

elements

we'll start with the vicious hno3 we

have h n and o that means we're going to

be using this part of the flow chart

note that we have three different

elements and we also have oxygen these

are called oxyacids and we name them

using these rules

for these oxyacids the periodic table's

not really going to help us we need to

use what's called a common ion table

this is a table that lists polyatomic

ions these are ions like no3 or so4 they

have more than one element involved so

we have this no3 here and we're going to

look it up on the common ion table

usually you're given one of these common

ion tables in class or in tests check

with your teacher though to be sure

so we have h the plus sign

no3 therefore it needs a minus sign so

we're going to look up no3 minus on the

common ion table so we have polyatomic

cations those are the positive ones

anions those are negative we have

negative one and we're looking for no3

minus

and here we go no3 minus is the nitrate

ion so we'll remember nitrate and go

back to our flow chart we write nitrate

and then we look at our flow chart we

see that if it ends with eight we're

going to use this rule right here so we

have the stem

and then

ick so we get rid of the eight that

leaves us with our stem and itr and now

we write ick next we write acid and

we're done nitric acid is the name for

hno3

so give this one a try h2so4

for h2so4 we have one two

three different elements one of them is

oxygen so we have an oxyacid and we use

this part of our flow chart we have our

polyatomic ion here this so4 and we'll

need to look on the common ion table

since hydrogen is a plus one two times

plus one will have a plus two the so4 is

going to be a two miles so on the common

ion table we're looking for so4 two

minus we'll go down the table we see we

have the negative one polyatomic ions

there's the negative two

and

so4 two minus is the sulfate ion so we

remember sulfate go back to our flow

chart we write sulfate

we have eight so we're going to use this

rule right here we'll cross out the

eight and change it to ick and then we

write acid hopefully you remember that

sulfur is an exception and we need to

include that ur in the name so let's put

that back

and the name for h2so4 is sulfuric acid

for hno2 we have our three elements and

we have this no2 so this is plus one on

the h so this is going to be no2 minus

we look it up on the common ion table

and we'll find out that it's called the

nitrite ion so we write nitrite

and now that we have the ending ite

we'll use this rule here we're going to

change it to ous so we cross out the ite

and write ous and then we write acid so

the name for hno2 is nitrous acid

if we had hno3 with a nitrate it would

be nitric acid

give this one a try and don't let me

trick you with sulfur this time

we have our three elements and we have

this so3 here we know that hydrogens

plus one we have two of them so plus two

we'll look up so3 2 minus on the common

ion table and we'll find that it's

self-i so let's write that

we'll cross out the ite and write o u

s and add acid then we'll remember that

we have to have the ur in there for

sulfur and we'll fix it

and that gives us the name sulfurous

acid for h2so3

we'll wrap up with hclo4 because it

gives people problems sometimes we name

it the same as the other oxyacids so we

look at the h that's a positive we know

that the clo4 is going to have a -1

charge we look it up and we find out

that it's per chlorate so we write

perchlorate and from there it's the same

thing we've been doing we cross out

eight write in ick

and right acid

this is dr b with some basic rules for

naming acids and thanks for watching