🥇 OÍDO 2/3. Anatomía del OÍDO MEDIO. Cadena de HUESECILLOS

Summary

Este video educativo se enfoca en la anatomía del oído medio, explicando detalladamente la estructura del tímpano, la cavidad timpánica y los óseos del oído. Se describen las relaciones con la fosa temporal, la trompa de Eustaquio y las vías que comunican el oído medio con otras partes del cuerpo. Además, se exploran los músculos tensor del tímpano y el estapedio, así como la innervación y la sangre que fluye a la región. El presentador invita a los espectadores a suscribirse y a seguir aprendiendo sobre la anatomía del oído en futuras entregas.

Takeaways

• 👂 El vídeo trata sobre la anatomía del oído, específicamente la parte media del oído.
• 🧐 Se menciona que el oído está compuesto por tres partes: externa, media y interna.
• 🗣 Se invita a los espectadores a suscribirse al canal para no perderse futuras explicaciones sobre la anatomía del oído.
• 🔍 Se explica que la cavidad timpánica, también conocida como la parte media del oído, está localizada en el hueso temporal y está separada de la parte externa por la membrana timpánica.
• 🔧 Se describen las seis caras límite de la cavidad timpánica: techo, pared anterior, pared posterior, pared medial, pared lateral y suelo.
• 👁️‍🗨️ Se detalla la membrana timpánica, su inserción en el lamella timpánica y su importancia en la transmisión del sonido.
• 🦴 Se discuten los ósseos del oído medio, conocidos como los huesos del oído: el martillo, el yunque y los estribos.
• 💪 Se mencionan los músculos del oído medio: el tensor de la membrana timpánica y el músculo del estribo.
• 🤕 Se habla sobre la innervation del oído medio, destacando la contribución de varias arterias y nervios.
• 🔗 Se resalta la conexión del oído medio con otras estructuras como el tubo auditivo, el antro y las células mastoides.

Q & A

¿Cuál es la estructura que separa el oído externo del oído medio?

La membrana timpánica es la estructura que separa el oído externo del oído medio.

¿Qué es el conducto eustaquiano y cuál es su función principal?

El conducto eustaquiano, también conocido como conducto auditivo o faringotímpano, permite la comunicación entre la cavidad timpánica y la faringe, y ayuda a igualar la presión entre el ambiente y el oído medio.

¿Cómo se comunica la cavidad timpánica con la cavidad mastoidea y las células mastoideas?

La cavidad timpánica se comunica con la cavidad mastoidea y las células mastoideas a través del conducto mastoideo timpánico.

Describe las seis caras de la cavidad timpánica y sus correspondientes estructuras.

Las seis caras de la cavidad timpánica incluyen la pared lateral (membrana timpánica), el techo (lámina de la tegmen timpánico), el piso (fosa jugular), el límite anterior (orificio del conducto eustaquiano y el ducto carotideo), el límite posterior (eminencia piramidal y conducto mastoideo timpánico) y el límite medial (promontorio timpánico y plexo timpánico).

¿Cuál es la parte más móvil de la membrana timpánica y cómo se llama?

La parte más móvil de la membrana timpánica es la porción tensa, que se encuentra inferior a las pliegues malleolares.

Explique la función del músculo tensor de la membrana timpánica.

El músculo tensor de la membrana timpánica, también conocido como músculo del martillo, tiene la función de tensar la membrana timpánica, lo que es importante para la audición.

¿Qué es el ósculo y cuáles son sus funciones en la audición?

El ósculo es el músculo que se inserta en la cabeza y el cuello del estapedio, y su función es girar el estapedio y alejarlo hacia el lado, lo que ayuda a proteger el oído de sonidos muy fuertes.

Describe las tres piezas óseas del oído medio y sus articulaciones.

Las tres piezas óseas del oído medio son el martillo (malleus), el yunque (incus) y el estapedio (stapes). El martillo se articula con el yunque en la unión incudomallear, el yunque con el estapedio en la unión incudoestépédio y el estapedio se une a la ventana vestibular a través de un síndesmosis fibroso llamado síndesmosis timpánica.

¿Cómo se llama la ventana del oído medio que está cubierta por el estapedio y qué función cumple?

La ventana del oído medio cubierta por el estapedio se llama ventana vestibular o ventana del ósculo, y sirve como una conexión entre el oído medio y el oído interno, permitiendo la transferencia de vibraciones sonoras.

Explique la innervación del oído medio y cuáles son las arterias que lo suministran sangre.

El oído medio está innervado por varias ramas神经， incluyendo el nervio trigéminal (V), el nervio glossofáringo (IX), el nervio vago (X) y la rama auricular del nervio facial (VII). La sangre llega al oído medio a través de la arteria carótida externa, la arteria auricular posterior y la arteria timpánica anterior.

Outlines

00:00

👂 Introducción a la Anatomía del Oído Medio

El video comienza con una introducción al segundo segmento de una serie sobre el oído, específicamente el oído medio. Se menciona que en videos anteriores se habló del oído externo y se anticipa que en el tercer video se abordará el oído interno. El presentador invita a los espectadores a suscribirse al canal y describe que el oído está compuesto por tres partes: externo, medio y interno. El oído medio se encuentra en la cavidad timpánica, detrás de la membrana timpánica, y se comunica con el oído externo a través de esta membrana. Además, se menciona la importancia de la cavidad timpánica y cómo se comunica con otras estructuras, como el tubo eustaquiano y el conducto mastoideo. Finalmente, se describen las seis caras límite de la cavidad timpánica, incluida la membrana timpánica, y se invita a los espectadores a suscribirse y a disfrutar del contenido.

05:06

👁️‍🗨️ Detalles de la Membrana Timpánica y su Función

Este párrafo se centra en la descripción detallada de la membrana timpánica, que es la parte más conocida del oído medio. Se explica que la membrana timpánica es una estructura fibrosa que vibra con las ondas sonoras y separa el oído externo del oído medio. Se describe su inserción en la lámina timpánica del hueso temporal y cómo está compuesta por una cara externa cubierta por epitelio y una cara interna cubierta por mucosa. Se destacan elementos como el anillo timpánico, el manubrio del martillo, las pliegues malleares y la porción tensa y flácida de la membrana. Además, se menciona el cono de luz, una característica que se observa en la membrana timpánica en otoscopio, y se relaciona con la presencia de otitis media. Finalmente, se describe la relación anatómica de la membrana timpánica con otras estructuras del oído medio.

10:06

🏠 Las Seis Caras Límite de la Caja Timpánica

En este segmento, se exploran las seis caras límite de la cavidad timpánica, que se asemeja a una caja con seis caras. Se describen las diferentes partes que forman cada una de estas caras: el techo formado por el plato del craneo, el piso por la fosa jugular, la pared anterior que incluye el conducto eustaquiano y la fosa carótida, la pared posterior que se relaciona con el antro y las células mastoideas, y la pared medial que es en contacto con la pared del laberinto del oído interno. Se mencionan estructuras específicas como el eminencia piramidal, el conducto del semicírculo superior, la ventana ovalada y la ventana redonda, así como el plexo timpánico. Cada una de estas caras tiene una función y relación anatómica única dentro del oído medio.

15:09

🦴 Los Ósculos del Oído Medio y sus Conexiones

Este párrafo se enfoca en los ósculos del oído medio, que son los huesos más pequeños del cuerpo: el martillo (malleus), el yunque (incus) y la esterilla (stapes). Se describen las partes de cada ósculo, como el manubrio del martillo, el cuerpo y los procesos del yunque, y la cabeza y los pies de la esterilla. Se explica cómo estos ósculos se articulan entre sí, formando dos articulaciones sinoviales (entre el martillo y el yunque, y entre el yunque y la esterilla) y una articulación fibrosa (entre la esterilla y la ventana ovalada). Estas articulaciones permiten la transferencia de las vibraciones sonoras desde la membrana timpánica hasta el oído interno.

20:11

💪 Los Músculos del Oído Medio y su Función

En este segmento, se discuten los dos músculos del oído medio: el tensor de la membrana timpánica (músculo del martillo) y el músculo de la esterilla. Se describen sus orígenes, inserciones y funciones. El músculo del martillo tiene como función tensar la membrana timpánica y está innervado por una rama del nervio maxilar. El músculo de la esterilla, más pequeño, está ubicado en la eminencia piramidal y se inserta en la cabeza y el cuello de la esterilla, con la función de rotar y desplazar la esterilla hacia afuera. Ambos músculos juegan un papel crucial en la función auditiva y en la regulación de la presión en el oído medio. Además, se menciona la innvación del oído medio por diferentes nervios y la irrigación sanguínea de la región.

25:14

🔚 Conclusión y Recursos Adicionales

El video concluye con un resumen de los temas tratados y un recordatorio para los espectadores de suscribirse al canal y interactuar con el contenido. Se ofrecen enlaces a otros videos relacionados, como el de la faringe, para brindar un entendimiento más completo de la anatomía del oído medio. El presentador agradece la atención y se despide.

Keywords

💡Oído

El oído es el sentido por el cual percibimos los sonidos. En el vídeo, se centra en la anatomía del oído, desglosándolo en partes como el oído externo, medio e interno, y cómo cada una de estas se relaciona con la percepción auditiva.

💡Oído medio

El oído medio es una de las tres divisiones del oído y es donde se encuentran estructuras como la cavidad timpánica y los huesos del oído. En el vídeo, se explica cómo el oído medio juega un papel crucial en la transmisión del sonido desde el oído externo hasta el oído interno.

💡Membrana timpánica

La membrana timpánica es una estructura fibrosa que separa el oído externo del oído medio. Se menciona en el vídeo como un componente clave del oído medio, responsable de transmitir las vibraciones sonoras al interior del oído.

💡Cavidad timpánica

La cavidad timpánica es el espacio que se encuentra detrás de la membrana timpánica. En el vídeo, se describe cómo esta cavidad comunica con otras estructuras y cómo contiene los huesos del oído.

💡Trompa de Eustaquio

La trompa de Eustaquio es un tubo que conecta la cavidad timpánica con la faringe. En el vídeo, se discute cómo esta conexión ayuda a equilibrar la presión en el oído y se menciona que se aborda con más detalle en otro vídeo.

💡Huesos del oído

Los huesos del oído, también conocidos como los ósculos, son tres pequeños huesos (malleo, incudo y estapedio) que se encuentran en el oído medio y juegan un papel esencial en la transmisión del sonido. En el vídeo, se describen sus articulaciones y su papel en la conducción auditiva.

💡Músculo tensor de la membrana timpánica

El músculo tensor de la membrana timpánica es uno de los músculos del oído medio que ayuda a ajustar la tensión de la membrana timpánica. En el vídeo, se menciona su origen, inserción y función en el proceso auditivo.

💡Músculo estapedio

El músculo estapedio es un pequeño músculo que controla el movimiento del estapedio, uno de los huesos del oído. En el vídeo, se discute su origen y su función en la protección y regulación del sonido.

💡Conducto auditivo

El conducto auditivo se refiere al camino que el sonido recorrido desde el oído externo hasta el oído interno. En el vídeo, se describe cómo las diferentes partes del oído medio contribuyen a este proceso.

💡Neurovasio

La neurovación es el suministro de nervios a una región o órgano. En el vídeo, se habla sobre la neurovación del oído medio, mencionando las diferentes神经 y sus funciones en la percepción y regulación auditivas.

Highlights

Introducción al segundo vídeo sobre el oído, enfocado en la anatomía del medio oído.

Revisión de la anatomía del oído externo en videos anteriores.

Anuncio del tercer vídeo, que abordará el oído interno y sus estructuras.

Invitación a suscribirse al canal para recibir futuras actualizaciones.

Descripción de las tres divisiones principales del oído: externo, medio e interno.

Explicación de la función del tímpano como separador entre el oído externo y medio.

Importancia del conducto de Eustaquio (túbulo auditivo) en la comunicación del oído medio con la faringe.

Detalles sobre la comunicación del espacio del tímpano con la fosa mastoidea y las células mastoideas.

Descripción de los límites de la cavidad timpánica: techo, suelo, paredes lateral, anterior, posterior e interna.

Importancia del tímpano como límite externo de la cavidad timpánica.

Anatomía del tímpano, incluyendo su inserción en el lamio timpánico y su composición fibrosa.

Descripción de las porciones tensa y flácida del tímpano y su importancia en la conducción auditiva.

Importancia del cono de luz reflejado en el tímpano para la detección de otitis media.

Detalles sobre la relación anatómica entre el martillo, el incudo y la estriba (los ósseos del oído medio).

Función de los músculos tensor del tímpano y del estapedio en la protección auditiva.

Inervación del tímpano y su papel en la sensibilidad del oído medio.

Suministro sanguíneo del oído medio por la arteria carótida interna y su rama auricular.

Conclusión del vídeo con un recordatorio a suscribirse y un agradecimiento por la atención.

Transcripts

Greetings once again my neuroanatomical scholars, today I bring you the second

installment of the ear, we will talk specifically then about the anatomy of the middle ear,

in previous videos we talked about the external ear and in the subsequent video,

which would be the third installment of the ear, we will then address the inner ear and all its structures,

before starting I invite you to subscribe to my channel here in the lower right corner

click where it says subscribe. So the ear is made up of three large

portions, an external ear that we already covered, as I told you in another video, made up of two large

structures that are the pinna and the external auditory canal, then for this

class the middle ear we will talk specifically about the big box. tympanic membrane and then our third

installment, as I already told you, where we will address the inner ear, made up of a set

of structures known as the labyrinth, which in turn is subformed by the cochlea and the

semicircular canals. You already know then that we will talk about the tympanic cavity of the middle ear,

then the tympanic cavity is everything that is found after the tympanic membrane,

in fact this structure that is the tympanic membrane is what separates the external ear

from the middle ear. , then in addition to the tympanic membrane we will talk about the

tympanic cavity itself, which is in itself what we know as the middle ear and we will also talk about

the eustachian tube, auditory tube or also called pharyngotympanic tube, however

this tube was addressed a lot better in the pharynx video, okay? So stay tuned to the video

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then there is a large cavity that is the middle ear that communicates downwards,

it is a cavity that is It communicates downward and anteriorly through this tube

called the pharyngo-tympanic or auditory tube with what is the pharynx, more specifically with the

nasopharynx, and it also communicates posteriorly through this hole that you see here.

What happens is that it shows By cutting the temporal bone, we cannot see that this is a hole,

but this hole is called the mastoid tympanic canal because it is basically communicating

the tympanic cavity, which is this, with the mastoid portion of the temporal bone,

something important is that the middle ear is located clearly in the temporal bone,

then through the mastoid tympanic canal or duct the middle ear will communicate with the

anthromastoid upward and posteriorly as well as with the mastoid cells, then

it communicates downward through the tube here. pharyngotympanic with the pharynx and

posteriorly with the antrum and the mastoid cells through what is the

mastoid tympanic duct, we are then going to give the limits in the tympanic cavity, as it is a box, guys,

you have to imagine a structure of six limits like a die, that is, it will have

a roof, or an anterior limit, a posterior limit, a floor, a medial limit and a lateral limit,

so we are going to describe each of the limits of that tympanic cavity. We are going to start first

with What the tympanic membrane is, what the tympanic membrane is corresponds to what

the external limit is, so we are going to describe the tympanic membrane and then we talk about

the membrane as a limit, so that tympanic membrane is basically a fibrous structure

that is The one that vibrates with the vibrations is worth the sound redundancy that comes through the

external auditory canal, which is this, this membrane I already told you that separates my external ear,

middle ear or tympanic cavity, it is attached to what is the tympanic lamella of the

temporal bone that we are going to see now and it will be made up of an external face that is the one

that faces the external auditory canal, which is covered with the epithelium of the

external auditory canal, which is basically skin, it is epidermis, while it will have a inner surface that

is covered by the mucosa of the middle ear, which I have not told you about but is a simple cubic epithelium,

Between both sides, the external one, which is epidermal, and the internal one, which is the mucosa of the middle ear,

there is a fibrous lamella and that is also the fibrous lamella in which

it is inserted into everything that is the tympanic lamina of the temporal bone as we see here in This cut,

this entire groove that you see there is part of the tympanic lamella, what you are seeing

here is the external auditory canal, its bony portion and here then on these edges where

that tympanic membrane is being inserted in this view, it is an external view In a view of the

external auditory canal, this is what we find when we do an otoscopy with what is

the device with the otoscope, then we are going to see the components of this tympanic membrane,

on its external face it has a diameter of approximately one centimeter , a more or less rounded shape

although some authors say that it is oval in a longitudinal sense,

specifically its external edges we find the tympanic annulus that this tympanic annulus is

like an annulus fibrosus, they are more fibrous than the rest of the membrane, that is, the part that They are

inserted into the tympanic lamella, now in the center we find an area that is the tip of the handle of

this bone that I love right now on the inner face or tympanic face of the membrane that is the hammer,

it is the tip of the handle of the hammer, also We find in that external membrane the

handle of the hammer itself and what is the lateral process of the hammer, which is this structure that we see

here, then we see the tip of the handle, the magician and the lateral process, from that

lateral process of the hammer we find two folds, one thing I didn't mention, this is posterior and this

is anterior, remember that vision is lateral so this is posterior and this is anterior so

this fold that comes out backwards from that external process of the malleus is the

malleolar fold. posteriorly, whenever we see the malleolar prefix we are not referring to the malleus, in

fact we call it malleolus or hammer, while the fold that comes forward would be the

anterior malleolar fold, posterior malleolar fold and anterior malleolar fold; Now there are two large

portions of the tympanic membrane, this entire portion that is inferior to the folds is what

we call the tense portion. This is all because it is the part of the membrane that is,

let's say, at the edges of the temporal bone and is tense, it is smooth, It is very well inserted,

while the next portion is the flaccid or even flaccid portion, the flaccid portion is the one

found between the posterior folds and the bad fold, the anterior fold is called that

because it is an area that is inserted in my mind. in the temporal bone so that the membrane

is not as tense as it is in the lower portion which is the name right now what we see

here which is in the anterior-inferior quadrant remember that this is anterior and well this

lower front the famous as the use with the new luminous anatomical structure as

such you will not find it anatomically in the membrane only that when the light of the others

copied reflects the membrane when they also stop it is healthy we see that a cone of light is reflected

in that quadrant before The lower part, in fact, it is said that if the cone is not seen it is because the membrane

is inflamed and that patient probably has otitis media, just guiding us with that

luminous cone, this is a vision cutting what is the tympanic membrane, all of this in the annulus fibrosus.

so this would be the tip of the hammer, the navel formed the handle, the hammer

of the lateral apophis and that structure that you see here is a little poorly drawn, but it is an image

of the net itself and this is what you see here in the chorda tympani nerve that I will address later

that it is a branch of the facial nerve. Sometimes the chorda tympani stage is seen from the outside,

that is, from the external portion of the membrane, but sometimes it is not possible to see this

view, now in reverse, we are seeing in the tympanic cavity. outwards here we are looking from

the external auditory canal towards medial removing the tympanic membrane and here now we are seeing

as if we were going inside there and now we saw the other way around that is to say outwards also

the handle of the hammer and here we see it we see the tip there that forms the navel and what is seen towards

that the lateral apophis this nerve that we see here passing between the malleus and the incus that we will see

that it is this bone that is here the chorda tympani nerve now well it turns out guys remember

that we are talking about the external limit the lateral limit of the tympanic cavity so

This external limit in the tympanic cavity will also be made up of a portion that is not the

tympanic membrane itself, but it is above the tympanic membrane. We call that portion the

recess and pitin panic. This recession and pitin panic is part of the temporal bone and there we basically

find what is the head of the malleus, the lateral popis of the malleus as well as the

incus, the head of the incus and the horizontal branch of the incus, many authors divide this

tympanic surface into what you see here red as epi tympanum, whatever comes blue as months- eardrum what

you see here in green like and odd pod then the epp and eardrum yp eardrum or recess e pitin

panic is also considered the anterior limit of the tympanic cavity the anterior no

forgiveness external limit in the tympanic cavity together with the tympanic membrane kilograms better everything

that is recess speaking panic and its content as I told you what is the head of the incus with

its horizontal branch each time hammer with lateral process berman of the malleus towards more inferior

the lateral limit then composed of everything that is the tympanic membrane This is then what

we call external pairs or membrane wall, let's now move on to the roof, remember that the clinic had six

limits, which we also call the mental tec wall, that roof is made up of

a bone lamella called chin tech, and the name is still the measurement or Whether it is the roof,

then what the tympanic cavity is, it separates the middle ear from what the middle cranial fossa is,

the tec mind now, as the lower limit or floor, we are also going to have a portion of the

temporal bone in which it is located. It is a fossa that we call the jugular fossa that jugular fossa houses what

is the gulf, the superior bulb of the internal jugular vein, that is why it receives that name, you know that

then the floor is the jugular wall, formed by the jugular fossa, so far we have

the wall Externally, the ceiling and the floor, we are missing three limits. We will talk first about

the anterior limit so that you understand this image. This is a medial vision, that is, we are seeing

a half lateral grace because we see what the tympanic membrane is, so notice what

anterior anxiety we find. First, all of this that is here would be all of this would be posterior and all of

this that we are seeing there would be lateral. We are looking from medial to lateral. So we are going

to find three structures in that anterior wall that we also call the carotid wall. We

first find a duct or semi-duct through Where this muscle passes, which we will see later, which is the

muscle of the inferior hammer to the semiconductor, the muscle to the hammer, we find what is the

entrance hole to the farin tube with the tympanic, another auditory tube, and in the lower part

we find the groove that kisses the duct. Iraqi carotid wall, which is called the

carotid wall, this anterior wall we see much better in this image. All this would be the

anterior wall. We see here what the semiconductor is. The malleus muscle. We see here the orifice

. The tube made the tympanic membrane and a little more before lower which is more or less at this level

is that we find the carotid duct which we also see much better the semi conductive

the muscle we see the tube made tympanic is more antero-inferior what is the duct

the duct for what is the internal carotid We are going to talk then about this wall, which is

the posterior wall, which we are also going to call the mastoid wall. This posterior wall is going to be

made up of a series of structures. First, this bone structure that we see there, which I am

pointing out is the temporal pyramid, where this originates. muscle that we will see later, which

is the stapes muscle, in addition to this pyramidal eminence towards the back, remember that at the beginning

of the video I told you that there was what was the antrum plus your video and the mastoid cells,

which are these aerated cells that you see here To see it better this would be the pyramidal eminence this

It would be the master antrum and video and these would be the mastoid cells. Remember that the communication

of the tympanic cavity with this antrum and these the day will be through a hole that was

here which was the most toybe tympanic canal or also called alytus ar and your Addicts

without panic are also called by some authors. So these are the structures that we basically

find in what is the posterior face. Let's talk about the last limit that we are missing,

which is the medial wall. It is the labyrinthine wall. This medial wall is important because the ear.

The middle is so small that between the wall, which would be the membranous tympanic membrane, and the medial wall, which is

labyrinthine, which is what connects the middle ear with the inner ear, what there is is 2

to 6 millimeters, that is extremely small, it is a very small cavity. small now this view is a

lateral view that is to say they are moving laterally towards medial we cut the tympanic membrane and this

is what we find then what structures do we find in that middle wall the labyrinthine

first we find the duct of the semi of the eminence sorry of the

external semicircular canal or lateral semicircular canal, which is a canal that we will address when we talk about the

inner ear, then we find the eminence left by the facial nerve duct and how

the facial vein is entering below it, we find the oval window, which is the one that is covered by this

bone What is the stapes bone? That oval window is also known as the vestibular window. Then

we find a bony lamella called the cochlear process. The bony minilla separates the window

from the round window that we find below that cochlear process. In addition to that,

we are going to find a great eminence, which is the so-called tympanic promontory, is not the same

promontory of the sacrum as that of the sacral bone, which is something else to have a tympanic promontory,

and above the tympanic promontory we find this plexus, which is the tympanic plexus, formed

largely by the glossopharyngeal nerve, so the structures that we find here remember

then the lateral semicircular canal the facial nerve canal the foramen or

oval window the cochlear process in the round window and what is the promontory along with what is suplex

or team panic all this in the medial wall like this We find the medial wall, that is, what comes

here prominently would be the promontory, what you see here is the duct in the facial lip, the prominence,

ok, here the facial begins to enter, and what you see here, the lateral semicircular duct, the

prominence, the prominence left by that duct of this window, see that they have an oval shape, this

would be the cochlear process, which is the minilla, that is, Vélez Díaz, which separated the oval window from

this hole that is here, which is the round window, so what we find

in the medial wall a way of summary guys here in this image as I told you the eardrum is

a box that's why we call it tympanic box here we remove what was the tympanic membrane

and we find this structure basically you can see the roof which is the segment imposed

in the anterior part we find the orifice of the tube made the tympanic membrane and what

was the carotid duct, the prominence left by the carotid duct as well as

the memories that we found the semi-duct of the malleus muscle on the floor we found the

jugular fossa, which would be the internal wall well the lateral semicircular canal that comes

here ok what is a little lower would be the facial nerve canal then the foramen ovale

the foramen or round window and this would be the promontory together with the sympathetic plexus

on the posterior wall remember that we find the pyramid and the mastoid tympanic duct, which

was what first communicated with the antrum and with the mastoid cells better than nuanced

that you will not find this on the internet, then we are going to address the ossicles of the middle ear

in the middle ear we are going to find a chain of ossicles, which are the three smallest bones

in the entire body, namely, we find the malleus, which we also call the malleolus, we find the

incus, which we also call in q2, and we find the muscle muscle, not sorry, the stapes bone, which

We also call this request, let's see each one of them, this is a view from medial

towards the tendency, we are seeing the medial face of these bones, this would be anterior, this would be

posterior, this whole face, we see the medial one, and this is great that we see, so We do not see that

it is towards there, it would be the side. We are going to start with the hammer, which is one of the ones that

has the most anatomical objections. We are going to have the handle, which we already studied. The head. Remember that any narrow area

after the head is called the neck, so this would be the head this would be the neck the

handle then we would have the lateral process remember that what the membrane was inserted was

the lateral process and the handle and this tip wants what the navel reported and it is policy that

tele does not know what the process is previous of the hammer now we are going to move on to the anvil or even

sejun that incubated basically what it has is a body that is this entire area that you come

here that articulates with the head of the hammer and from that body comes a horizontal branch also

called branch upper lower branch also called vertical branch now this entire

articular facet is called cilic articular area for what is the malleus this tip which is the one that

articulates with the stapes is what we call the lenticular process of the incus now the stapes

is the bone that is going to be in charge of, let's say, join the rest of the bones to what is the duct, to the

duct, sorry, it tells me what the inner ear is, the stirrup, in fact, it covers what

the window is or what I explained to you. Orito it is going to be made up of a head that created

three bones and they have one head it is going to have two branches this branch let's stay here remember that this

is anterior so this would be the anterior branch and this one that we see here is the posterior branch both

branches support me In what is the base of the stirrup, the base being then what covers me

from what is the oval window. Let's see right now how it is for the oval window, but first I

will explain the articulations between these judges and then we will finish the first articulation.

What is going to occur are two synovial joints, one that occurs between the malleus and the young, which

we are going to call the joint, including the malleolar, it is a reciprocal socket type joint, that is,

it is an axial joint. I can also do four movements. We call

the saddle joint the second joint, which is also a

synovial joint. It is the one that is going to be given between the police and lenticular of the incus and the head of the stapes

. The raw joint is also a synovial joint, but one

joint type in osteoarthritis can make me complete movement, it moves in all three and it

can theoretically make me six movements, that is, this is a very mobile joint, it is more mobile in

fact and on the slightest side lastly, but as you see here We have the joint that will

occur between the stapes and the oval window and that is not a synovial joint like the other

two that we saw, this is a fibrous type joint within the fibrous one, it is a syndesmosis

that is why we call it tympanic syndesmosis It's pedic ok we see well here this would be the inner ear

this would be the vestibule and this would be the vestibular window we see then how the stapes

in each perfectly in the vestibular window do not get confused cover the vestibular window until

the round window comes down it is not covered by what the stapes is the vestibular which

is covered by it now the muscles management gone middle we will first find the tensor

tympani muscle which we also often call the malleus muscle this muscle originates in

the cartilaginous portion of the pharyngo-tympanic tube benach and the tube manufactured tympanic

is in close relationship with the memory that is on the anterior surface of the tympanic cavity and is inserted

into the handle of the malleus here as it is being inserted into what is the handle of the malleus is

enervated by a branch of the lower maxillary nerve, which you already know is a branch of the trigeminal nerve

and its function, then in the same name it tells you to tighten the tympanic membrane, they are muscles

important for hearing then we are going to see the stapes muscle this muscle the stapes

this tiny muscle that is here we also call it muscle is pei of this muscle

originates in everything that is the pyramidal eminence of the temporal bone that is named when they are

talk about for the posterior of the tympanic membrane of the tympanic cavity, sorry, it

originates there in this pyramidal eminence to be inserted into what is the head and neck of the

stapes here the pyramidal eminence that shows me what is the origin then of this muscle of the

stapes, see here how it is being inserted into the neck and into the head of what that stapes bone is,

it will then be enervated by a branch of the facial nerve, unlike that of the

malleus, which I told you was enervated by what was the maxillary nerve. Inferiorly, its function

is then said to be to rotate the stapes and take it outwards, that is, towards the side.

Now, as this tympanic membrane is enervated, it is a restrictive innovation. It is said that the

external face is firstly by the trigeminal and by the vagus while that the internal face is first, it goes

through the glossopharyngeus, which innervates the entire mucosa of the pharyngo-tympanic tube and what the

middle ear is, how is that middle ear going to be sensitively inervated, but dear, we are talking about the

innervation of the tympanic membrane, let's To talk about the middle ear, this nerve is going to be in the steam,

which is a branch of the lower maxillary nerve, which is the temporal auriculotherapy nerve, as you see

here. In addition, I take this opportunity to teach this tool, which is the motor branch that goes to

the tensor muscle of the eardrum then through the temporal atrial nerve that makes up a

large part of what is the middle ear. In addition, it will have a branch of the ninth for walking,

which is the sympathetic nerve, and an auricular branch of the tenth pair so that it is denied. both

by the trigeminal and the glossopharyngeal, as well as by the vagus nerve, supplied basically

by the external carotid artery, once by the posterior auricular artery, which is responsible

for giving me a branch that tells me the mastoid style, which helps me then add what It is the

middle ear so see what posterior auricular supplies both the middle ear and the external ear

another branch that helps me to enervate to pardon to irrigate the space equipped and an

auricular above by an error I was really referring to irrigation of the middle ear is the

internal maxillary artery that internal maxillary artery gives to this branch that you are seeing here it is that would be the

anterior tympanic artery which is then also responsible for reaching the middle ear this is

not there it is the deep auricular it has nothing to do with it with middle ear so friend this has

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pharynx video and also understand the anatomy from this middle ear thank you very much for your attention