Perfect tense in German | Perfekt | Partizip II | Learn German Grammar | A1-A2

Summary

This video from the 'Learn German for Beginners' series introduces the past participle tense, also known as the Perfekt or present perfect tense, in German. It explains the structure of the tense, the use of helping verbs 'haben' and 'sein', and the formation of past participles. Examples of both regular and irregular verbs are provided, along with tips on when to use each helping verb. The video also covers the formation of past participles for various verb types, including transitives and intransitives, and offers resources like worksheets and podcasts for further learning on Patreon.

Takeaways

• 😀 The video is part of a series on learning German for beginners, focusing on the past participle tense, also known as the present perfect tense.
• 📚 The present perfect tense is commonly used in spoken German and can also be found in private and semi-formal letters.
• 📈 There are three key aspects to mastering the perfect tense: formulating sentences, using helping verbs, and forming the past participle of verbs.
• 🔑 The sentence structure in the perfect tense requires the helping verb (either 'haben' or 'sein') to be in the second position, followed by the past participle of the main verb at the end.
• ❓ The choice between 'haben' and 'sein' as a helping verb depends on the verb's nature, with 'haben' used for most verbs and 'sein' used for verbs indicating a change of place or state.
• 🏷️ The past participle form of a verb can be recognized by the addition of 'ge-' before the stem and an '-en' or '-et' suffix at the end.
• 📝 It's important to learn the past participle form of verbs along with their helping verbs to correctly conjugate them in the perfect tense.
• 🔄 Some verbs can take both 'haben' and 'sein' as helping verbs, depending on the context, such as whether they show a change of place or not.
• 📑 The video provides examples of regular and irregular verbs, and their past participle forms, to help learners practice and memorize.
• 🌐 Viewers are encouraged to visit Patreon for free worksheets, early access to videos, and other learning resources to enhance their German learning experience.

Q & A

What is the main focus of this video series?

The main focus of this video series is to teach German for beginners, specifically the past participle tense in German, also known as the Perfekt or present perfect tense.

How can viewers access structured courses for learning German?

Viewers can access structured courses for A1, A2, B1, and B2 levels, as well as various topics from grammar and vocabulary to common mistakes in German by visiting the page on patreon.com.

What is the Perfekt tense used for in German?

The Perfekt tense is used in spoken language, private and semi-formal letters, and it is commonly used to describe actions that have been completed.

What are the three aspects of the Perfekt tense that one should learn?

The three aspects are learning how to formulate the sentence, learning how to use the various helping verbs, and learning how to formulate the past participle of the verb.

What is the position of the helping verb in a Perfekt tense sentence?

In a Perfekt tense sentence, the helping verb is usually in the second position, followed by the past participle of the main verb at the end of the sentence.

Why do some sentences use 'haben' and others 'sein' as the helping verb?

Sentences use 'haben' or 'sein' as the helping verb based on the nature of the verb. 'Haben' is used with most verbs, while 'sein' is used with verbs that indicate a change of place or state.

Can you give an example of a sentence in the Perfekt tense?

An example of a sentence in the Perfekt tense is 'Ich habe einen Salat gegessen,' which translates to 'I have eaten a salad.'

How are questions formed in the Perfekt tense?

In the Perfekt tense, questions are formed by placing the helping verb in the first position, followed by the subject and then the past participle of the main verb.

What are 'trennbare Verben' and how are they used in the Perfekt tense?

'Trennbare Verben' are separable verbs in German that have a prefix and a base verb. In the Perfekt tense, the past participle is formed by adding the prefix to the past participle of the base verb.

How can one practice the Perfekt tense after watching this video?

To practice the Perfekt tense, one can become a patron and download a free worksheet from patreon.com, access transcripts and podcasts, and engage with the content to reinforce learning.

What is the significance of learning the past participle form of verbs in German?

Learning the past participle form of verbs is significant as it is essential for constructing sentences in the Perfekt tense, which is a fundamental aspect of German grammar.

Outlines

00:00

📚 Introduction to German Perfect Tense

The script introduces a lesson on the past participle tense in German, known as the Perfekt or present perfect tense. It is commonly used in spoken language and informal writing. The lesson aims to teach sentence construction, the use of helping verbs, and the formation of past participles. Examples are given to illustrate the use of haben and sein as auxiliary verbs and the placement of verbs in a sentence. The script also mentions the availability of structured courses and resources on Patreon for further learning.

05:03

📘 Usage of Haben and Sein in Perfect Tense

This paragraph delves into when to use haben and sein as helping verbs in the Perfekt tense. It explains that most verbs use haben, while verbs indicating a change of place or state use sein. Specific examples of verbs and their conjugations are provided to demonstrate the use of these auxiliary verbs. The paragraph also highlights the importance of learning the past participle forms of verbs alongside their auxiliary verbs.

10:05

🚶‍♂️ Perfect Tense with Verbs of Motion and Change

The script discusses verbs that show a change of place or state, which take sein as the helping verb in the Perfekt tense. Examples of such verbs are provided, along with their past participle forms. It also mentions specific verbs that take both sein and haben as helping verbs, depending on the context of change of place. The paragraph emphasizes the need to learn these verbs with their Perfekt forms for better understanding.

15:09

📝 Formation of Past Participles for Various Verbs

This section explains the process of forming past participles for different types of verbs in German. It outlines the basic rule of adding -ge to the verb stem and provides examples of regular and irregular verbs. The script also covers the formation of past participles for verbs with a vowel shift and mixed verbs, which take -ge with the verb stem and -t at the end.

20:10

🔄 Perfect Tense with Irregular and Prefixed Verbs

The paragraph focuses on the formation of past participles for irregular verbs and those with prefixes, known as 'trennbare Verben'. It explains that irregular verbs often take -ge plus the verb stem plus -t or -n, and provides examples. The script also discusses the use of prefixes with past participles and gives examples of such verbs in the Perfekt tense.

25:12

📋 Practice and Resources for Learning Perfect Tense

The final paragraph encourages viewers to practice the Perfekt tense by becoming a patron and accessing free worksheets, transcripts, and podcasts. It advises learners to compile a list of all verbs learned in previous chapters along with their Perfekt forms. The script ends with a call to like, share, and subscribe to the channel for more German learning content.

🔔 Subscription and Engagement Invitation

The script concludes with an invitation for viewers to subscribe to the channel, turn on notifications, and leave comments or questions. It provides a farewell phrase 'Auf Wiedersehen', signaling the end of the video.

Keywords

💡Past Participle

The past participle is a verb form that is used to form perfect tenses in various languages, including German. It typically represents an action that has been completed. In the context of the video, the past participle is essential for constructing the Perfekt (present perfect tense) in German, as seen in examples like 'gesehen' for the verb 'sehen' (to see).

💡Perfekt (Present Perfect Tense)

The Perfekt is the present perfect tense in German, which is used to describe actions that occurred in the past but have relevance to the present. It is formed with the auxiliary verbs 'haben' or 'sein' and the past participle of the main verb. The video emphasizes the importance of learning the Perfekt for effective communication in German, as it is commonly used in spoken language and written correspondence.

💡Auxiliary Verbs

Auxiliary verbs, or 'Hilfsverben' in German, are verbs that are used in conjunction with a main verb to form different tenses, moods, or aspects. In the Perfekt, 'haben' and 'sein' serve as auxiliary verbs. The choice between 'haben' and 'sein' depends on the nature of the main verb, as explained in the video with examples like 'ich habe gegessen' (I have eaten) using 'haben' and 'er ist gegangen' (he has gone) using 'sein'.

💡Verb Conjugation

Verb conjugation refers to the process of altering the form of a verb to express different grammatical moods, tenses, or aspects. In the script, the focus is on the conjugation of auxiliary verbs in the Perfekt, such as 'essen' (to eat) conjugated as 'ich habe gegessen', illustrating how the verb changes to match the subject and tense.

💡Present Tense

The present tense is a verb tense that describes actions that are currently happening or are habitual. The video script contrasts the present tense with the Perfekt, showing how the position of the verb changes in German sentences. For example, in the present tense 'ich esse einen Apfel' (I eat an apple), the verb 'esse' is in the second position.

💡Participle

A participle is a form of a verb that is used in a sentence to modify a noun, adjective, or another verb, and it can also be part of a verb phrase. In the context of the video, 'Partizip' refers specifically to the past participle, which is used with auxiliary verbs to form the Perfekt, as in 'gegessen' from 'essen'.

💡Question Formation

Question formation in German involves the rearrangement of sentence components to form an interrogative. The video script discusses how the position of the auxiliary verb and the past participle remains consistent with the statement form in questions, as seen in 'Was hast du geschehen?' (What have you done?).

💡Verb Prefix

A verb prefix is an affix that is added to the base form of a verb to change its meaning. In the script, the prefix 'ge-' is added to past participles to form the Perfekt, as in 'gegessen' from 'essen'. The prefix is also discussed in the context of separable verbs, where it remains attached to the auxiliary verb in the Perfekt.

💡Irregular Verbs

Irregular verbs are verbs that do not follow the standard conjugation patterns of a language. The video script mentions that irregular verbs have unique past participle forms, which must be memorized, such as 'geschrieben' for 'schreiben' (to write), and 'gefallen' for 'fallen' (to fall).

💡Separable Verbs

Separable verbs, or 'trennbare Verben' in German, are verbs where the prefix is separated from the verb stem in certain tenses and constructions. The script explains that in the Perfekt, the prefix of a separable verb is placed before the auxiliary verb, as in 'angekündigt' from 'kündigen' (to cancel), forming 'ich habe angekündigt'.

💡Patreon

Patreon is a platform where creators can offer exclusive content to their supporters for a monthly fee. In the script, the video creators promote their Patreon page as a way for viewers to access additional learning materials such as free worksheets, podcasts, and transcripts related to the German language lessons.

Highlights

Introduction to the past participle tense in German, also known as the Perfekt or 'perfect tense'.

The Perfekt tense is commonly used in spoken language and in informal and semi-formal written communication.

Three aspects of the Perfekt tense: sentence formulation, use of helping verbs, and past participle formation.

Examples of sentences in present and past tense, illustrating the shift to the Perfekt tense.

Explanation of the second position rule for the helping verbs 'haben' and 'sein' in Perfekt sentences.

Demonstration of how verbs move to the end of the sentence in the Perfekt tense and take the past participle form.

Different types of questions in the Perfekt tense and the position of the helping verb and past participle.

When to use 'haben' and when to use 'sein' as the helping verb in the Perfekt tense.

Conjugation of the helping verbs 'haben' and 'sein' and their usage with different verbs.

Examples of verbs that take 'sein' as the helping verb, indicating a change of place or state.

Specific verbs that always take 'sein' in the Perfekt tense, such as 'sterben' and 'einschlafen'.

Verbs that can take both 'haben' and 'sein' as helping verbs, depending on the context of change of place.

Formation of the past participle for various verbs, including regular and irregular verbs.

Rules for adding '-ge' to the verb stem and the endings for regular verbs in the past participle form.

Formation of past participles for verbs ending in '-ieren' and the use of the verb stem without '-ge'.

Irregular verbs and their unique past participle formations, including those with a vocalic shift.

Trenbar verbs and their past participle formation rules, including prefix and verb stem combinations.

Untrans verbs and their past participle formation, focusing on prefix and verb stem without '-ge'.

Advice on creating a list of learned verbs with their Perfekt forms for better command and practice.

Invitation to become a patron for free access to worksheets, transcripts, podcasts, and early video access.

Closing remarks, thanking viewers for watching and encouraging subscription, likes, sharing, and comments.

Transcripts

hello everyone and welcome to our video

series on learn german for beginners

in this lesson you will be learning the

past participle tense in german

thus patitzi perfect or participates y

are just perfect

don't forget to subscribe to our channel

for learning german for free

and in the easiest way we offer

structured courses

for a1 a2b1 and b2 and a variety of

topics from grammar and vocabulary

to common mistakes one can make in

german

you can visit our page on patreon.com to

get free worksheets

podcasts transcripts early access to our

videos

and more was

ist perfect it is the

present perfect tense and it is most

commonly used in the spoken language

you might also find it in private and

half formal letters

there are three aspects of perfect

you should learn how to formulate the

sentence

one has to learn how to use the various

helping verbs

and thirdly how to formulate the past

participle of the verb

let's first look at a few sentences in

present tense

and in the past tense ich ese

einen zalat once i'm done eating

it's in the past then you will say

ich haber einen zalatke gessen

let's move on to the next example

when something like this has already

happened you would say

we are zint let's

get fun now let's analyze the sentences

ich haber einen zalatigesen

wiersend let's paris

when making a sentence in perfect you

have to make sure

that there is a hills verb in the second

position

hill's web can either be harban

or sein and these are the verbs

which are conjugated why do some

sentences have

haben as hills verb and why the others

have

zein alsweb this we'll be doing a little

later

in present tense the verbs are generally

in the second position

but in perfect these verbs

move towards the end of the sentence

and it also takes a different form

we use the partition form of this verb

partition is the past participle form

of the verb in these two sentences

gegessen

is the party tsitsui for essen and

giffan

is the party tipsy for fun

in a little while we'll learn how to

form party tips y

for various verbs now let's look at

two different types of questions in

perfect

wayfraga was hastu guest in germacht

in this question the position of the

helping verb

and the partiti is the same

as the normal sentence that means the

hilf's verb

is the position swai and partiti

is amanda

let's see what happens when we have a

jana in fragger

has to guest an ashvaski gessen

in this case the helping verb or the

hilf's verb

will be in the first position don't

forget

to conjugate the verb at the end of the

sentence

you will find the partiti of the verb

now let's look at an example with

trenban verb

in the present tense the sentence looks

like this

tanya roofed iren freund an

in the second position is the verb and

the prefix

is at the end now the sentence in

perfect

tanya hat iren freund angerufen

here also we will have the helping verb

in the second position thus trenbaru

verb

will go at the end but in the partition

form do notice that a partition

is formed differently so how do you use

perfect

you use harban enzyme as a helping verb

in the second position plus parity psi

of the main verb which is placed at the

end of the sentence

now you will be learning when to use

haben

and when to use sein as the helping verb

in perfect let's look at the two

sentences

again

in the first sentence the hills verb is

harden

in the second one sein both these verbs

are in the second position the hills

verbum

have to be conjugated let's quickly

go through their conjugation

we'll take the example of essen

air

one thing you should remember whenever

you are learning the partition

form of any verb learn it along with the

hillsvab

this hillsvap is generally conjugated

for

aircs for example essen

hot gegessen

is look at the conjugation

is

well most of the verbs used harmon as a

helping verb

with perfect let's look at a few

examples

kauffman hat kickoff

air

[Music]

regnin hat ke regnet

s hut vita geregnet

here are some more verbs whose perfect

you should know

essen

ribbon

we would advise you to learn the

partition forms of the verbs

as it is don't forget to learn the hilts

web along with them

now let's move on to verben with zein

als hilf's verb verbs that show

odds for endurong that means verbs that

show a change of place

take sein as the hilps verb also verbs

that show sush transfer in the wrong

that is a change of state these verbs

also take sein as the hills verb

then there are a few specific verbs that

take

sein as the hills verb let's do a few

examples now

verben the odds for enderong

and here's the first one fleegan

ist keflogen

miner eltons in gesten nach

londongiflogen

in this case there is a change of place

from

a to b that means from present place

to london so verbs showing a change of

place

will take sein as the hill swap

imperfect

let's do another example gain

here also there is a change of place

from a

to b a is the location where he started

and b is the kino here are a few other

verbs

that also show a change of place

fan is common

spring east kishbrungen

risen is

woman low skin is

lost laughing

east kilaufen vandan

ist given

let's move on to the next category verb

in there

so stands for endarong

the first verb is staben

is kistoben

let's tavakha ist sign father geshtorben

so here is a change of sushtand

he was earlier alive and now he's dead

hence you will use the verb sein as the

hills verb

here's another verb einschlafen

ist eingeschlafen maria

ist im unterrest eingeschlafen

she was awake and now she fell

asleep there is a change in state

sometimes it's not easy to identify

the change of state hence it is advised

to learn these verbs along with their

perfect form

as it is some of the other verbs

that show atsu stands for enderong are

au fachen is

[Music]

here are a few more verbs that take sein

as the hibs

in the normal case we use the preteritum

for sein that is var

you would ask vovas tu gesten

but in the spoken language one does come

across

the perfect for zein the next verb

is passion ist

passiert

the next verb is verden

ist gevorden oma is hoyte

zipsishkevorden there are some verbs

that take sein and haben

both as the helping verb let's do one

example

farn is

in this case the hilf's verb is

sein this is because you see a change of

place

in the next sentence ich haber main

noise auto gifan

in this case the hilt's verb is haben

because there is no change of place

and from the sentence you can't make out

where the person is driving to

so such words that sometimes show a

change of place

and sometimes don't take both sein

and haben as the helping verbs

now let's learn how to form the

partition of various verbs

let's first go through a few examples in

perfect

and here's the first one

the next verb is

[Music]

if you notice the parity chain is formed

by adding gay a to the verb

but not always like in the next example

photography hut photography art

vilanga has to the tourist and

photography

let's look at an example of a trenbara's

verb

einschlafen is ein geschlafen

one pistol guest an eingislavu

the basic rule is you can add a gay a

or there is sometimes no gay a to the

webster

this vabstam might have a vocal vexil

or novocal vexil

at the end you can have either a

tay or atey or

a n this rule varies from verb to verb

let's see how to make parkside soi for

regular verbs

by regal mesigan vyabin here you add

gay a to the vabshtam

the vapshtam has no vocal vexil which is

typical for

regular verbs at the end you will either

add

a tay or an 8a

we'll do a few examples to understand

this better

here's the first regular verb

the party tips y takes

at the end hence gemacht

do not forget that whenever you're

learning the partition

of a verb you have to learn the hillsvab

along with it it's either hat or

ist here's an example

ich haber the house of gabag here are

some more examples with regular verbs

spielin

has to gesture music

the is verb is lenin

hut gilland

ich haber the new inverter sean gilland

here's another regular verb arbeiten

in this case the vapshtam is ending with

te hence the padichipswai

will take the ending so all the regular

verbs

where the vabstam ends with day

or day take the ending as

here's another example reiden

let's see what happens to verbs that end

with

iran for example studiaran

photography

in this case the participate does not

take a gay a you will just use the

vabshtam

and add a ta to the end for example

studiaran hat studiot

once again in this case we take the

verb stamp that is studier

and add a t to the end

and here's an example

martina hut

moving on to the next category irregular

verbs

by unregel mexican verb

in this case to make the seed swai

you add gay a to the webstam

which will show a vocal vexil since it's

an irregular verb

at the end you will add a n

there are a few mixed verbs that take

gay a with webstam

that shows a vocal vexil and tay

at the end for example denkin

and here's the first example schreiben

in this case the partition of schreiben

has a gay a plus vyabstam

shreeb at the end you have a n

and now the example petra hatmia

einen brief keshiri here's another

irregular verb

findin

film violent

next verb is common

is common common

doesn't have a vocal vexil in presence

but in its preteritum form that's why

it's an irregular verb so in perfect

such verbs just take a gay a plus

webstam plus a n at the end

and here's an example a is ge common

here's a list of few irregular verbs

and they're perfect that you should know

essen

gen is

is

the next case is by trenbaren verben

here the party tiptsvi takes first the

prefix of the verb

then the partition of the verb which

could be

regal message oda and regal message

here's an example for prefix

and rhaegal mesigas verb einkaufen

hat ein geekhouft as we just discussed

the partition takes the prefix

ein plus partition

for kaufen geekhoft

and here's how you would use it

has to guest and feel einky coughed

prefix with own regal mesis verb

let's look at how to use it matthias

is hoyte spade aufgestanten

here are a few more trenbar verben

and they're perfect

now let's see how to make perfect for

untrans in this case

the party chief swai will have un

trenbara's prefix

with paritsip swai formweb

but without gay a

this web could be regal message oda

on regular message let's look at a few

examples to understand this

the first one is eclearn

heart eclair

in this case the verb clarem is a regal

musical's verb

hence it takes only a t at the end

the next verb is

an irregular verb hence

here are a few others

which you should know becoming

fallen

we would advise you to make a list of

all the verbs

that you have learned in the last two

chapters

and in this chapter along with their

perfect form

and learn them with time you will get a

command over the perfect forms

to practice what you have learned become

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