Top 5 CI/CD Interview Q&A | DevOps FAQ |#devopsinterviewquestions | #jenkins |#devops #kubernetes
Summary
TLDRIn this informative video, the host delves into the top 5 most common CI/CD interview questions and their answers. The discussion covers explaining a current CI/CD setup, handling secrets, deployment strategies including blue-green and canary deployments, and strategies for rollback in case of faults. Additionally, the video touches on Jenkins setup, backup, and scaling, providing insights into the most popular CI tool. The host invites viewers to share other relevant CI/CD interview questions in the comments.
Takeaways
- 🔧 The top 5 most common interview questions about CI/CD are discussed, focusing on setup, tools, and strategies.
- 🛠️ Explaining a current CI/CD setup involves detailing the tools used, such as GitHub and Jenkins, and the stages of the pipeline including build, test, and deployment.
- 🔑 Handling secrets in CI/CD pipelines is crucial and can be managed using platform-specific features or tools like HashiCorp Vault.
- 🚀 Deployment strategies such as Blue-Green and Canary are important for minimizing downtime and risks associated with new releases.
- 🔄 Blue-Green deployment allows for quick rollbacks by shifting traffic between two versions of an application, ensuring reliability.
- 🦀 Canary deployment gradually routes traffic to a new version of an application, allowing for monitoring and adjustments before full deployment.
- ❌ Strategies for dealing with faulty deployments include rollback pipelines and the use of Blue-Green deployment for easy traffic redirection.
- 📈 Jenkins is highlighted as a popular CI tool, with a focus on its setup, backup, and scaling capabilities.
- 🚀 Auto-scaling of Jenkins on cloud platforms like AWS can be managed using EC2 instances and predictive scaling for efficient resource use.
- 🔒 The importance of securing CI/CD pipelines with proper secret management is emphasized, as secrets are integral to modern applications.
- 🔄 The script calls for community engagement by inviting viewers to share additional CI/CD interview questions in the comments section.
Q & A
What are the top 5 most common CI/CD interview questions?
-The top 5 CI/CD interview questions include: 1) Explain your current CI/CD setup. 2) How do you handle secrets in your CI/CD pipeline? 3) What is your deployment strategy? 4) How do you handle rollbacks if the deployed application is faulty? 5) How do you set up backup and scaling for Jenkins?
What does CI/CD stand for and why is it important in software development?
-CI/CD stands for Continuous Integration and Continuous Delivery. It is important in software development as it allows for the automation of building, testing, and deployment processes, enabling teams to deliver code changes more frequently and reliably.
What are some common tools used in CI/CD setups?
-Common tools used in CI/CD setups include GitHub for version control, Jenkins for continuous integration, and various cloud services or tools like AWS Systems Manager, Azure Vault, or HashiCorp Vault for managing secrets.
Can you describe the process of a Jenkins CI pipeline with multiple stages?
-A Jenkins CI pipeline typically includes multiple stages such as build, where static code analysis and unit testing are performed; test, where further testing like smoke or functional testing is conducted; and deploy, where artifacts are built and deployed to the target environment like a Kubernetes cluster or application servers.
How do you secure secrets in a CI/CD pipeline when using GitHub Actions?
-When using GitHub Actions, secrets can be secured by using the built-in secrets feature, which allows you to store and use encrypted secrets within your workflow.
What is Blue-Green deployment and how does it work?
-Blue-Green deployment is a strategy where two identical environments (Blue and Green) are maintained. One environment is active while the other is idle. When a new version is ready, it is deployed to the idle environment. If the new version is stable, the load balancer is switched to direct traffic to the new environment, allowing for easy rollback if needed.
What is Canary deployment and how does it differ from Blue-Green deployment?
-Canary deployment involves gradually shifting traffic from the old version of an application to a new version by slowly increasing the percentage of traffic directed to the new version. This differs from Blue-Green deployment, which switches traffic all at once after a new version has been fully deployed to the idle environment.
How can you handle a faulty deployment in a CI/CD pipeline?
-Handling a faulty deployment can involve using a rollback pipeline or strategy, such as quickly switching traffic back to a previous stable version using Blue-Green deployment, or using load balancers to reroute traffic away from the faulty version.
What are some considerations for Jenkins backup and scaling?
-Considerations for Jenkins backup and scaling include regularly backing up the .jenkins folder, using auto-scaling groups in cloud environments to handle variable build loads, and employing predictive scaling to anticipate traffic and adjust resources accordingly.
Why is Jenkins a popular choice for CI/CD tools according to the video?
-Jenkins is a popular choice for CI/CD tools because it was chosen by 90% of the respondents in a poll conducted by the video creator on their YouTube channel, indicating its widespread use and preference in the industry.
How can you install Jenkins and what is the importance of understanding its installation process?
-Jenkins can be installed using a simple curl command or through Docker. Understanding its installation process is important because it ensures that you can set up a Jenkins environment quickly and efficiently, which is crucial for establishing a CI/CD pipeline.
Outlines
🔧 Top 5 CI/CD Interview Questions and Answers
The script discusses the top 5 CI/CD interview questions, starting with explaining one's current CI/CD setup. It emphasizes the importance of detailing the tools and processes involved, such as using GitHub with Jenkins for CI, setting up webhooks, and describing the various stages of a Jenkins pipeline including build, test, and deployment stages. It also touches on the handling of secrets in CI/CD pipelines, mentioning tools like HashiCorp Vault and platform-specific secret management solutions. Additionally, it covers deployment strategies like blue-green and canary deployments, explaining how they work and their benefits, especially in terms of rollback strategies for faulty deployments.
🚀 Deployment Strategies and Jenkins Management
This paragraph delves deeper into deployment strategies, focusing on blue-green and canary deployments. It provides a step-by-step explanation of the blue-green deployment process, including the use of load balancers to switch between versions and a grace period for users. The canary deployment strategy is also explained, detailing how traffic is gradually shifted to a new version while monitoring its performance. The paragraph also addresses the critical aspects of handling faulty deployments and the importance of having a rollback strategy in place. Lastly, it discusses Jenkins setup, backup, and scaling, providing insights into installation, predictive scaling for handling varying build numbers, and the importance of regular backups of the Jenkins environment.
📢 Closing Remarks and Invitation for Feedback
In the concluding paragraph, the speaker invites viewers to share any additional CI/CD interview questions they may have encountered, encouraging them to post in the comment section for further discussion. The speaker also reminds viewers to engage with the content by liking, commenting, sharing, and subscribing to the channel, signaling the end of the video with a friendly farewell.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡CI/CD
💡Jenkins
💡GitHub
💡Secrets Management
💡Deployment Strategy
💡Blue-Green Deployment
💡Canary Deployment
💡Rollback Strategy
💡Auto Scaling
💡Predictive Scaling
💡Docker
Highlights
Introduction of the top 5 most common CI/CD interview questions and their answers.
Explanation of the importance of detailing one's CI/CD setup in an interview.
Description of a typical CI/CD setup using GitHub and Jenkins with web hooks.
Discussion on the various stages of a Jenkins pipeline, including build, test, and deployment stages.
Emphasis on the significance of handling secrets in CI/CD pipelines and different methods to secure them.
Mention of tools like AWS Systems Manager, Azure Vault, and HashiCorp Vault for secret management.
Clarification on the difference between CI and CD, and the importance of being prepared for CD-related questions.
Explanation of popular deployment strategies like Blue-Green and Canary deployments.
Description of the Blue-Green deployment process with a focus on its rollback capabilities.
Overview of the Canary deployment strategy and its incremental traffic shifting approach.
Advice on how to handle faulty deployments or security vulnerabilities post-deployment.
Discussion on Jenkins setup, backup, and scaling up processes and their importance.
Details on setting up Jenkins on AWS with auto-scaling groups and predictive scaling.
Explanation of the process for taking backups of Jenkins using the .Jenkins folder.
Invitation for viewers to share other popular CI/CD interview questions in the comments.
Encouragement for viewers to like, comment, share, and subscribe to the channel.
Transcripts
hi hello everyone welcome back to my
channel and today we will talk about
what are the top 5 most uh cacd
interview questions and their answers
we'll try to answer these questions more
on the basis of some scenarios so let's
quickly uh jump into the questions and
see their answers as well so the first
one is explain your current cicd setup I
think this question can be asked in
multiple ways like people ask you what
is your cicd tooling what are the tools
that you're using or what TCI CD
according to you
is
established in your organization so
whatever it is uh the answer to it has
to be very elaborate because this
question basically uh gives you gives
the interviewer a chance to analyze your
knowledge on cicd so tell the answer in
a most detailed way so that uh he or she
can understand uh your expertise on cicd
so basically I have written the answer
here you can probably I mean I'll not
read everything here you can go through
the answer but uh generally you can say
cicd is continuous integration and
continuous delivery and in the current
organization we are using GitHub and we
are using Jenkins for the continuous
integration where we have set up web
hook which Triggers on each and every
commit that is made to GitHub and
triggers a CI Pipeline on Jenkins and
then you can talk about multiple stages
that are in your Jenkins pipeline like
you can say you have a build stage you
have test stage you have deploy stage
and you know whenever you're talking
about these things uh basically detail
them uh like how what is your build
stage what what are the different things
that are in your build Stay like static
code analysis unit testing building and
then in your test stage uh whether
you're doing smoke testing or you're
doing functional testing in your
deployment staging in your deployment
stage basically explain uh what is your
artifactory how you're building your
Docker image or application uh archive
whatever whatever you are building and
then explain how you are deploying it
onto your kubernetes cluster or
websphere weblogic application servers
whatever your end Target cluster is
so this is about your CI CD setup and
the process and the second question I
think this is a very important question
how do you handle Secrets because mostly
people will be very prepared for the
first answer first question uh the cicd
process and everything but you need to
explain how do you handle Secrets
because secrets are integral part of
every application these days right so
whether your SSH Keys whether your API
key whether it can be your you know
kubernetes login secret or anything you
deal with a lot of Secrets these days in
your cicd pipelines so basically answer
this question depending upon where your
Jenkins or any CI tool is set up let's
say you are on GitHub right so GitHub
provides an option for securing your
secrets in the cacd uh
in the action cicd itself if you're on
gitlab there is again there is an option
for uh securing your secrets in the ca
variables itself uh on your on your
gitlab UI apart from that let's say
you're on uh cloud provider like AWS so
probably you can say you store your
secrets in AWS systems manager and
retrieve whenever it is required or if
you're on Azure you are probably using
Azure Vault and one of the popular tools
uh irrespective of the cloud or anything
that you are in a hashic or vault so
hashicorp called Vault is one of the
most used uh applications for securing
storing your secrets
so be prepared with this answer because
this is one of the most asked interview
question for cicd
after that people ask about your
deployment strategy what I have uh seen
most of the times is most of the times
is that people are very prepared with
respect to the continuous integration CI
part but uh not with the CD The
Continuous delivery but you know uh CI
is very easy to set up as well you have
tools like Jenkins GitHub actions it's
very easy to do uh CA but coming to CD
you have to be uh
very uh you know um
keen on how you are setting your CD what
is your type of application where you
are deploying your application onto so
continuous delivery is uh a key uh
component for uh your entire cacd as
well as during your interviews people
ask a lot about CD so coming to the
deployment strategy you can talk about
the popular deployment strategies if you
have employed either blue green
deployment or Canary deployment on your
uh site on your organization so
depending upon what you have set up
probably answer these things but uh to
explain what is blue green and what is
Canary in a very short way so blue green
deployment is basically where uh if you
see the picture onto the left side you
know using blue green deployment what to
do is that you already have an
application let's say the application
version is 34 and you are deploying a
new version of your application probably
call it 35 okay so firstly what you do
is that
you point your load balancer to the
application 34 which is deployed on your
cluster then you install uh application
35 on the same cluster the new version
using your cicd pipeline and what you do
is that you shift your load balancer to
the application certified and so that
no uh traffic is sent to the application
34 however you provide some grace period
Grace time for the users that are
already on application 34 and once this
grace period is over you simply Point
your load balancer I mean you already
pointed your application load balancer
to 35 you just delete application 34.
once you are confident about your
application testing and everything
okay so this is the process using blue
green deployment now the other popular
deployment strategy is the canary
deployment strategy and using Canary
what you do is that basically you shift
in the same way you deploy both
application 34 and 35 but instead of
directly pointer load balancer to
application 35 what you do is that you
limit your traffic to application 35
initially you send only 10 percent of
your traffic so all this modern day load
balances like F5 or nginx or any load
balancer using Ingress they are able to
do it uh by you know they call it ratio
based uh
ratio based load balancing or weight
based load balancing whatever it is so
uh initially route only 10 and then
probably you can switch the gears 66.33
and then finally you can do 30 so there
are very lot of I mean there are a lot
of tools which can achieve this uh for
the canary deployment model uh if you
want to learn about uh
Kennedy deployment probably you can
Google for Kennedy deployment and tools
can be used to achieve the canary
deployment but all the popular load
balancer can do it these days
now what do you do if the deployed
application is faulty or let's say your
application has security vulnerabilities
or your application is faulty it's not
working as expected so what do you do
one of the most easy ways to answer this
is uh talk about the blue green
deployment which we talked in the
previous slide because if you look here
carefully uh if something goes wrong
with your blue green deployment what you
can immediately do is that point your
load balancer from 35 to 34 or people uh
basically do it using multiple sites
right so blue site and green side and if
something goes wrong they immediately
appoint the load balancer to the green
uh from Green side to the blue side so
this is the most easy way blue green
deployment but if you are employing any
other deployment strategies you have to
be very careful on explaining how did
you roll how do you actually roll back
but blue green is the most easy way to
roll back so this question uh the way
you answer is when something goes wrong
we have a rollback pipeline or we have a
strategy for rollback uh because we are
doing blue green deployment it is very
easy for us to roll back
finally uh
Jenkins setup backup and scaling up so
how do you do this the reason why I put
this question only related to Jenkins is
that I recently
set up a poll on my YouTube channel
asking what is the most popular CI tool
that you are using 90 of the people
choose Jenkins only 10 of them choose
GitHub actions gitlab and Travis I think
nobody has actually opted for it so the
reason for me to talk about Jenkins in
this specific question is because of
that so this is again important question
because uh apart from setting up your
cicd pipelines it is always important
for you to understand how your CI tool
or gen for that
for this question Jenkins however
Jenkins is set up how do you uh take
backups for your Jenkins uh logs or
bills or artifacts anything and then how
do you scale up because you know at
times you might get more number of bills
at times you get less builds so scaling
up scale down is also one of the
interesting aspects
so it's very easy to do with Jenkins uh
I think Jenkins installation is the most
easiest thing uh you just have in uh you
can do it through Docker as well you
have a simple curl command that you can
use to install Jenkins I can show you uh
some other time how do you install
Jenkins it you can I mean nobody will
actually care about the installation
because it's just a single command but
the most important thing is a backup as
well as scaling up so for scaling up I
would say one of the
I'll take an example let's say your
Jenkins is on AWS what you can say is
that uh Jenkins is set up on AWS and we
have set up Jenkins uh on easy to
instance and we have set up an auto
scaling group so this Auto scaling group
basically takes care of scaling up
scaling down we have employed the
predictive scaling uh on the AWS Auto
scaling so predictive scaling basically
uh takes care it basically predicts like
at this time you might get more traffic
at the time you might get less traffic
so it will it will automatically scale
up an ec2 instance and once the ec2
instance is spinned up Jenkins basically
uses SSH
to interact with the newly created node
so this is the process and for backup I
think Jenkins has a DOT backup folder if
you can sorry dot Jenkins folder just
backup the dot Jenkins periodically
using some prawn jobs and that will
basically take your Jenkins backups so
uh this is the top five in cacd
interview questions that I have for you
and uh if you feel that I missed
something or there are other popular
interview questions uh related to cicd
please post them in the comment section
and I'll be more than happy to answer as
usual don't forget to like comment share
and subscribe to my channel thanks I'll
see you in the next video bye
Посмотреть больше похожих видео
Day-21 | CICD Interview Questions | GitHub Repo with Q&A #cicd #jenkins #github #gitlab #devops
Day-19 | Jenkins ZERO to HERO | 3 Projects Live |Docker Agent |Interview Questions | #k8s #gitops
Terraform Scenario Based Interview Questions and Answers | DevOps Interview
Complete CICD setup with Live Demo | #devops #jenkins| Write CICD with less code| @TrainWithShubham
#1 What is DevOps ,Agile and CICD
Day-18 | What is CICD ? | Introduction to CICD | How CICD works ? | #devops #abhishekveeramalla
5.0 / 5 (0 votes)