Sistem Demokrasi dan Pemilu di Indonesia | Suara Demokrasi

Summary

The script explores the evolution of Indonesia's democracy and its presidential elections. It explains the democratic process, including the direct and general elections, and the two electoral systems: district and proportional representation. It delves into the history of Indonesian elections, from the first parliamentary system in the 1950s to the current era of reformation, highlighting key events and changes. The script also emphasizes the importance of a fair and honest electoral process, with the recent simultaneous legislative and presidential elections in 2019 marking a significant development. It concludes by encouraging young learners to engage in democratic practices and to look forward to the next elections.

Takeaways

• 🗳️ Indonesia's presidential system is based on democratic elections, where the president is chosen through a general election.
• 🌍 Indonesia is the world's third-largest democracy and conducts elections as a democratic practice.
• 🏛️ Democracy originates from the Greek words 'demos' (people) and 'kratos' (rule), emphasizing people's role in governance.
• 📊 There are two election systems: the district system where one area elects one representative, and the proportional system where political parties get seats based on votes received.
• 🏙️ In Indonesia, the regional legislative elections (DPD) follow the district system, while the national legislative elections (DPR) use the proportional system.
• 🎯 Political parties must reach a parliamentary threshold to secure seats in the legislature, ensuring only parties with substantial support are represented.
• 🏛️ The General Election Commission (KPU) is an independent body that organizes elections every five years, regulated by the 1945 Constitution and the 2017 General Elections Law.
• 📝 The principles of Indonesian elections are based on the acronym 'Luber Jurdil,' which stands for Direct, General, Free, Secret, Honest, and Fair voting.
• 👥 All Indonesian citizens aged 17 or above have the right to vote, and the voting process involves direct participation at polling stations (TPS).
• 📚 From 1950 to 1959, Indonesia followed a parliamentary democracy system, with the first general election held in 1955, leading to the formation of the Constituent Assembly.
• 🔄 The era of guided democracy was marked by the president having significant control over government decisions, which was later replaced by the New Order era after the 1965 events.
• 🔄 The New Order era saw the second legislative election, but it was criticized for favoring certain parties. The political landscape simplified to three main parties after 1977.
• 🌱 The 1998 demonstrations led to President Soeharto's resignation, marking the beginning of a new era of democracy with reforms and the first presidential election in 2004.
• 🏆 The presidential term was limited to two terms after the amendment of the 1945 Constitution, and the scope of elections expanded to include presidential and vice-presidential elections.
• 📈 In the era of reform, the first presidential election was held in 2004, won by Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono and Jusuf Kalla, followed by Joko Widodo's election in 2014 and 2019.
• 🔄 The 2019 elections were unique as they were the first to combine legislative and presidential elections in a single event.
• 📚 Understanding the history of Indonesia's democratic system and elections can help in striving for a democracy that benefits the people and aligns with the nation's character.
• 🏫 Students, although unable to vote, can learn about democracy through participating in school elections, such as class president or OSIS leader.
• 📅 The next general elections after 2019 are not specified in the script, inviting viewers to share their thoughts in the comments.

Q & A

How is the President of Indonesia elected?

The President of Indonesia is elected through a general election or 'pemilu', which is a democratic practice in the country.

What is the significance of Indonesia being the world's third-largest democracy?

Being the third-largest democracy signifies the importance of democratic processes and the large number of people participating in the governance of the country through elections.

What does the term 'democracy' originate from and what does it mean?

Democracy originates from the Greek words 'demos' meaning people, and 'kratos' meaning governance. It means that in a democracy, the people participate in government and policies should prioritize their interests and welfare.

What are the two types of electoral systems mentioned in the script?

The two types of electoral systems mentioned are the 'district system' where one electoral area chooses one representative, and the 'proportional system' where each political party gets seats according to the number of votes received.

How does the district system work in the context of Indonesia's DPD election?

In the district system for Indonesia's DPD election, each province elects four representatives, with the candidates receiving the most votes being considered winners.

What is the role of the 'proportional system' in the election of DPR and DPRD?

In the proportional system used for the election of DPR and DPRD, parties receive seats in proportion to the number of votes they get, with the party receiving the most votes also getting the most seats.

What is the parliamentary threshold and its importance in the election process?

The parliamentary threshold is a minimum vote share required for a party to be considered eligible for seats in the DPR. Only parties that reach this threshold can secure seats in the legislative body.

Who organizes the general elections in Indonesia and what is their role?

The General Election Commission or KPU organizes the general elections in Indonesia. They are an independent body responsible for conducting free and fair elections every five years.

What does the acronym 'Luber Jurdil' stand for and what are its principles?

Luber Jurdil stands for 'Langsung, Umum, Bebas, Rahasia, Jujur, dan Adil', which translates to Direct, General, Free, Secret, Honest, and Fair. These principles ensure that elections are conducted with direct participation, universal suffrage, freedom of choice, secrecy of the vote, honesty, and fairness.

How has the presidential election process evolved in Indonesia since the era of reformasi?

Since the era of reformasi, the presidential election process in Indonesia has expanded to include more political parties and has emphasized the principles of honesty and fairness. The presidential term has also been limited to a maximum of two terms following constitutional amendments.

What was the significance of the 2004 presidential election in Indonesia?

The 2004 presidential election was significant as it was the first direct presidential election in the era of reformasi, marking a new chapter in Indonesia's democratic development.

How did the 2019 elections differ from previous ones and what was the outcome?

The 2019 elections differed as they were the first to hold legislative and presidential elections concurrently. Joko Widodo, also known as Jokowi, was elected as the president.