SEJARAH PEMILU DI INDONESIA DARI MASA KE MASA

Summary

This video script provides a comprehensive overview of Indonesia's electoral history, highlighting the milestones from the first general election in 1955 to the most recent one in 2019. It covers key events such as the post-independence establishment of political parties, changes in electoral systems, and presidential elections. The script discusses the various political shifts under leaders like Soekarno and Soeharto, the introduction of direct presidential elections in 2004, and the evolution of Indonesia's democratic process. It also outlines significant elections and the outcomes, showing the dynamic political landscape in the country.

Takeaways

• 😀 The first Indonesian general election took place in 1955 after the country's independence in 1945.
• 😀 The PPKI (Independence Preparatory Committee) appointed Soekarno as President and Muhammad Hatta as Vice President in 1945.
• 😀 Muhammad Hatta advocated for the formation of political parties to prepare for the 1946 general election, but this was delayed due to the unstable security situation in the country.
• 😀 Indonesia's first general election in 1955 used a proportional system where seats were allocated based on the proportion of votes each political party received.
• 😀 Soekarno issued a presidential decree in 1959, making the 1945 Constitution the basis for the country's laws and restructuring the legislative bodies.
• 😀 The 1971 election was held under President Soeharto's rule, with 10 political parties and one mass organization participating, and Golkar emerged as the largest party.
• 😀 Soeharto served as President of Indonesia for 32 years, from 1968 to 1998, with various changes in the Vice President role during his tenure.
• 😀 After Soeharto's resignation in 1998, the 1999 election accelerated to a much earlier date, and the system moved to proportional representation.
• 😀 The 1999 election led to the appointment of Abdurrahman Wahid and Megawati as President and Vice President for the 1999–2001 term.
• 😀 The 2004 election was the first in Indonesia to allow the direct election of the President and Vice President by the people, with SBY and Jusuf Kalla winning the presidency for the 2004-2009 term.
• 😀 The 2019 election involved the simultaneous election of the President, Vice President, and various legislative bodies, with Joko Widodo and Ma'ruf Amin emerging victorious.

Q & A

What year did Indonesia hold its first general election (Pemilu)?

Indonesia held its first general election (Pemilu) in 1955.

Who were appointed as the first President and Vice President of Indonesia?

The first President of Indonesia was Soekarno, and the Vice President was Muhammad Hatta, both appointed on August 18, 1945.

What was the purpose of the 10th November Maklumat issued by Muhammad Hatta in 1945?

The 10th November Maklumat issued by Muhammad Hatta in 1945 proposed the formation of political parties and the organization of a general election for the People's Representative Council (DPR) and the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR) in 1946.

Why was the general election proposal in 1946 not implemented?

The proposal was not implemented due to the absence of an election law and the unstable security situation in Indonesia at the time, compounded by ongoing resistance against Dutch military aggression.

When was the first general election for the DPR and the Constitutional Assembly held?

The first general election for the DPR and the Constitutional Assembly was held on September 29, 1955, for the DPR and December 25, 1955, for the Constitutional Assembly.

What electoral system was used in Indonesia's first general election in 1955?

The 1955 general election used a proportional representation system, where seats were allocated to political parties based on the percentage of votes they received.

Who was the president of Indonesia during the 1971 general election?

The president during the 1971 general election was Soeharto, who had assumed the presidency in 1967.

How were the election results determined in the 1971 general election?

In the 1971 general election, all seats were distributed across various electoral districts, and the election results were determined based on the number of votes received by each political party, with Golkar winning the most seats.

What significant change occurred in the 1999 election regarding the presidential selection process?

The 1999 election marked a shift in the process of electing the president, as candidates were chosen based on the highest vote share in their respective constituencies, with the president and vice president being directly elected by the people.

Which candidates won the presidency in the 2004 general election?

In the 2004 general election, Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono and Jusuf Kalla won the presidency, with their election victory spanning from 2004 to 2009.

What was unique about the presidential election process in 2004 compared to previous elections?

In 2004, the presidential election was unique as it was the first time in Indonesia's history that the president and vice president were directly elected by the people, as per the amended Constitution.

Who were the winners of the 2019 presidential election in Indonesia?

In the 2019 presidential election, Joko Widodo and Ma'ruf Amin won, with their victory securing them the presidency and vice presidency for the 2019-2024 term.

What changes occurred in the structure of the 2009 general election in Indonesia?

The 2009 general election involved the selection of the president and vice president, as well as elections for members of the DPR, DPD, and regional legislative councils, with voting taking place on different dates.