STUDI AL-QURAN : pengertian, ruang lingkup, dan perkembangannya (part 4)

Summary

The transcript covers the historical evolution of Quranic sciences, tracing their development from the early days of Islam to the modern era. Key figures, such as Imam al-Tabari and Imam Jalaluddin al-Suyuti, are highlighted for their contributions to Quranic exegesis and literature. The script also discusses various significant works, including Tafsir al-Mishbah by Quraish Shihab and Tafsir al-Azhar by Buya Hamka. It touches on the challenges and resurgence of Quranic scholarship, emphasizing the importance of these texts for the Muslim community today.

Takeaways

• 😀 The early scholars of Quranic interpretation did not codify their works in a single book, and their teachings were passed down through their students.
• 😀 Imam Muhammad Abu Ja'far Ibn Jarir Al-Tabari was the first to write a comprehensive Quranic exegesis, 'Jami'ul Bayan Fi al-Qur'an', which became a fundamental reference for future works.
• 😀 In the 4th century, various disciplines of Quranic studies began to be compiled into written works, marking the start of organized Quranic scholarship.
• 😀 The golden age of Quranic scholarship saw rapid development and a formalization of various Quranic sciences like Qira'at (recitation), Tafsir, and Tajwid (pronunciation rules).
• 😀 'Al-Burhan Fi Ulumil Qur'an' by Imam Zarkashi and 'Al-Itqan Fi Ulumil Qur'an' by Imam Jalaluddin al-Suyuti were landmark works during this golden age.
• 😀 After the death of Imam Jalaluddin al-Suyuti, Quranic scholarship entered a phase of stagnation due to factors like the decline of Islamic powers and the rise of Western imperialism.
• 😀 From the 14th century Hijri onwards, there was a revival in Quranic scholarship, with new works emerging in Tafsir and other Quranic sciences.
• 😀 Dr. Wahbah al-Zuhaili's Tafsir and Sayyid Qutb's 'Fi Zhilalil Qur'an' are significant modern contributions, despite controversy surrounding the latter.
• 😀 Other important contemporary works include 'Tafsir al-Mishbah' by Prof. Dr. Quraish Shihab and 'Tafsir al-Azhar' by Buya Hamka.
• 😀 Buya Hamka's novel 'Tenggelamnya Kapal Vanderwick' is also widely known, and he contributed significantly to Islamic scholarship with his Tafsir al-Azhar.

Q & A

What is the significance of Imam Muhammad Abu Ja'far Ibnu Jarir Ath Thobari in the history of Quranic exegesis?

Imam Muhammad Abu Ja'far Ibnu Jarir Ath Thobari is highly significant because he was the first to compile a complete Quranic exegesis (Tafsir) in written form, titled 'Tafsir al-Jami'ul Bayan Fi al-Quran'. This work is one of the most comprehensive and influential exegeses in Islamic history, covering every verse of the Quran.

Why were the early Quranic interpretations not systematically written down?

Early Quranic interpretations were not systematically written down because the scholars who contributed to them did not compile their works into formal books. Instead, these interpretations were passed on orally or were recorded in the form of notes by their students, making it difficult for later generations to access them in a unified format.

What was the role of the Quranic scholars in the 3rd century in preserving Tafsir?

In the 3rd century, scholars like Imam Thobari played a crucial role in preserving and systematizing Quranic exegesis. They were the first to compile detailed Tafsir works, such as 'Tafsir al-Jami'ul Bayan Fi al-Quran,' which became the foundation for future Quranic scholarship.

What is the significance of the works of Imam Zarkasyi and Imam Jalaluddin as-Suyuthi?

Imam Zarkasyi's 'al-Burhan Fi Ulumil Qur'an' and Imam Jalaluddin as-Suyuthi's 'al-Itqan Fi Ulumil Qur'an' are among the most influential works in the study of Quranic sciences. These works were significant during the golden age of Quranic scholarship, as they advanced the understanding of Quranic sciences and became key references for future scholars.

How did the decline of Islamic empires affect the development of Quranic scholarship?

The decline of Islamic empires, especially with the rise of Western imperialism, led to a stagnation in the field of Quranic scholarship. During this period, there were few new original works, and most scholars focused on explaining and expanding upon previous texts rather than producing groundbreaking new scholarship.

What were 'Kitab Syarah' works, and how did they contribute to Quranic studies?

Kitab Syarah works were commentaries that elaborated on earlier Quranic texts. These works did not offer new interpretations but provided more detailed explanations of existing ones. They were critical for continuing the education and dissemination of Quranic knowledge, particularly during periods when original contributions were rare.

What is the 'Tafsir Fi Zhilalil Qur'an' by Sayyid Quthub, and why is it controversial?

The 'Tafsir Fi Zhilalil Qur'an' by Sayyid Quthub is a modern interpretation of the Quran that presents the text in a socio-political context. It is controversial because its revolutionary themes and interpretations were considered too radical by some scholars, especially in Indonesia, where it faced strong opposition.

Who is Quraish Shihab, and what is his contribution to Quranic scholarship?

Quraish Shihab is a prominent Indonesian scholar and interpreter of the Quran. He is best known for his Tafsir 'Al-Mishbah,' which is widely used in Indonesia. His work is significant for its clarity and accessibility, making it a valuable resource for understanding Quranic teachings in the Indonesian context.

What is the historical importance of 'Tafsir Al-Azhar' by Buya Hamka?

The 'Tafsir Al-Azhar' by Buya Hamka is an important contribution to Islamic scholarship in Indonesia. Hamka, also a famous writer, provided a comprehensive exegesis that is considered accessible and relevant to modern readers. It reflects both religious and social aspects, making it an influential work for Indonesian Muslims.

What role did cultural and political changes play in the evolution of Quranic scholarship?

Cultural and political changes, such as the decline of Islamic empires and the rise of Western imperialism, had a significant impact on Quranic scholarship. These shifts led to periods of stagnation, but they also prompted a revival of interest in new interpretations of the Quran, particularly during the 14th century and beyond, which saw the emergence of modern scholars and works.