13 B2 Biodiversitas Indonesia

Summary

Indonesia, a vast archipelago with over 177,000 islands, is renowned for its rich biodiversity, which is the highest in the world. The country is home to a wide range of ecosystems, from alpine regions to marine depths, supporting countless species of mammals, birds, and marine life. Indonesia is committed to biodiversity conservation, with 54 national parks covering millions of hectares. Seven UNESCO Heritage Parks, like Gunung Leuser and Lorentz National Park, protect endangered species such as the Sumatran tiger and rhinoceros. These efforts also involve local communities in preserving both terrestrial and marine ecosystems.

Takeaways

• 😀 Indonesia is an archipelago of 177,000 islands, with diverse ecosystems ranging from alpine to marine environments.
• 😀 Indonesia is considered the world's 'mega-biodiversity' country, with one of the highest biodiversity levels globally.
• 😀 Over 40 ecosystems are distributed across Indonesia, including rich marine life, forests, and species unique to the region.
• 😀 Indonesia is committed to conserving its biodiversity, with 54 national parks covering over 27 million hectares.
• 😀 Seven UNESCO World Heritage Sites have been designated in Indonesia, highlighting its biodiversity and ecosystems.
• 😀 Gunung Leuser National Park is crucial for conserving iconic species such as the Sumatran Rhino, Tiger, Orangutan, and Elephant.
• 😀 Kerinci Seblat National Park is known for its biodiversity and the health benefits of species like those with anti-cancer properties.
• 😀 Way Kambas National Park helps ensure the survival of Sumatran Rhinos through successful breeding programs and protection efforts.
• 😀 Ujung Kulon National Park near Jakarta plays a key role in turtle conservation and coral reef restoration.
• 😀 Wakatobi National Park in the Coral Triangle is a marine hotspot, known for its diverse coral and marine species.
• 😀 Lorentz National Park, covering 2.5 million hectares in New Guinea, is one of the most ecologically diverse parks in the world, home to rare species like Birds of Paradise.

Q & A

What makes Indonesia's biodiversity unique in the world?

Indonesia is considered the 'mega biodiversity country' due to its vast array of ecosystems and species. With over 40 different ecosystems ranging from alpine to deep marine environments, Indonesia is home to a wide variety of plant and animal species, including mammals, reptiles, birds, amphibians, and fishes.

How many islands does Indonesia have and what is its coastline like?

Indonesia is an archipelago made up of approximately 177,000 islands, with a coastline spanning over 5 million square kilometers.

How does Indonesia contribute to global biodiversity conservation?

Indonesia has committed to conserving its biodiversity through initiatives like protecting its national parks and establishing seven UNESCO Heritage Parks. These efforts focus on preserving unique species and ecosystems, with large areas of land and marine habitats being actively conserved.

What are the key features of the Gunung Leuser National Park?

Gunung Leuser National Park, located in Sumatra, is crucial for the conservation of endangered species, including the Sumatran Rhino, Tiger, Orangutans, and Elephants. It spans over 800,000 hectares and was the first Indonesian park to be declared a UNESCO Heritage Site.

What is the significance of the Kerinci Seblat National Park in biodiversity conservation?

Kerinci Seblat National Park, one of Indonesia's largest parks, is known for its rich biodiversity. It plays a key role in the conservation of various species, such as the Sumatran Tiger, and hosts numerous plant species that have potential health benefits, including anti-cancer properties.

What is the purpose of the rhino sanctuaries in Wambi National Park?

The establishment of rhino sanctuaries in Wambi National Park is aimed at ensuring the reproduction and long-term survival of the rhino population in their natural habitats. Programs in the park have successfully secured rhino populations.

What makes the Taman Nasional Ujung Kulon unique in terms of conservation?

Taman Nasional Ujung Kulon, located near Jakarta, is famous for its coastal and marine ecosystems, particularly the conservation of turtles and coral reefs. It is also home to the Center for Elephant Conservation, where efforts focus on preserving both species and ecosystems.

Why is Bimor Bu National Park considered a significant site for biodiversity?

Bimor Bu National Park, designated a UNESCO Heritage Park in 2018, is famous for its prehistoric caves and ancient human art. It also serves as a sanctuary for various species, including the rare butterfly species, and is known as the 'kingdom of butterflies.'

What is the significance of Wakatobi National Park in marine conservation?

Wakatobi National Park, located in the Coral Triangle, is vital for marine conservation, hosting an extraordinary variety of marine species. Its coral reefs are among the most unique and diverse in the world, contributing to the health of the region’s ecosystems.

What role does the Lorentz National Park play in biodiversity?

Lorentz National Park, the largest national park in Southeast Asia, covers over 2.5 million hectares and is known for its ecological diversity. It is home to unique species like the bird of paradise and cuscus, and also features the Punchak Jaya peak, one of the highest in Southeast Asia.